強(qiáng)調(diào)句倒裝句

1、讀語(yǔ)篇學(xué)語(yǔ)法強(qiáng)調(diào)句與倒裝句Alaska, which was called Russian America before it was sold to the United States, joined the Union as the 49th state in 1959.Alaska is now the largest of all the 50 states of the USA. It was in 1867 that President Andrew Johnsons Secretary of States（國(guó)務(wù)卿）, William H. Seward, bought Alask

2、a from the Russians at the cost of $7.2 million. The buying of the northern land seemed at first something foolishly done. Not only was Alaska difficult to reach, but it was also hard to live in, and it appeared to be of no importance in time of war. Besides there are volcanoes （火山） there as Alaska

3、lies on the Pacific “ring of fire”. In Alaska large treeless areas are covered with snow all the year round. For these reasons the buying of Alaska was called “Sewards Folly（蠢事）” at that time.However, in 1896, gold was found in Alaska, and people poured into the land. Then other important natural re

4、sources were discovered, including oil. But now most people visit Alaska in order to see the endless beauty of nature that the northern land discloses to them. For example, there are about 11,000 islands in Alaska. And in a certain area of Alaska the sun doesnt set for 82 days every year.強(qiáng)調(diào)句：顧名思義，強(qiáng)調(diào)

5、句就是對(duì)句子的某一成分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣或引起重視。英語(yǔ)中常見的表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的方式有以下三種：1. 用助動(dòng)詞do(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)), does(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)形式)和did(一般過(guò)去時(shí))來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如：1）The girls do look pretty today.2）The little girl does look nice in that green dress today. 3）The boys did have a good time last night. 從上述結(jié)構(gòu)不難看出，強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)只有兩種時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。2. 固定句型：強(qiáng)調(diào)句的句型主要是：It

6、 is / was that / who / whom。該句型可以用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以外的任何成分。例如上文中的：It was in 1867 that President Andrew Johnsons Secretary of States（國(guó)務(wù)卿）, William H. Seward, bought Alaska from the Russians at the cost of $7.2 million. 該句強(qiáng)調(diào)了時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in 1867。意思是：正是在1867年，當(dāng)時(shí)擔(dān)任美國(guó)總統(tǒng)Andrew Johnson國(guó)務(wù)卿的William H. Seward以七百二十萬(wàn)美元的價(jià)格從俄羅斯人手里

7、買下了阿拉斯加。2）It was their teacher who helped them solve the problem. 正是他們的老師幫他們解決了這一問(wèn)題。3）It was Lucy whom Tom met in the party yesterday.Tom昨天在聚會(huì)上見到的正是Lucy。注意： 該句型中的that，who和whom都不可以省略。 that與who和whom之間的區(qū)別。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分例句that可以是事、物、人、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等除了謂語(yǔ)之外的其他任何句子成分1. It was Lucy that Tom met in the party yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)

8、）2. It was Tom that met Lucy in the party yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)）3. It was yesterday that Tom met Lucy in the party.（強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）4. It was in the party that Tom met Lucy. （強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）除了可以強(qiáng)調(diào)詞、短語(yǔ)之外，還可以強(qiáng)調(diào)從句It is because he doesnt have any experience that he does not know how to deal with the situation. （強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語(yǔ)從句）who只

9、能是人；可以強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)1. It was Tom who met Lucy in the party yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)）2. It was Lucy who Tom met in the party yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)）whom 只能是人；而且只能強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)It was Lucy whom Tom met in the party yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)） 即使是強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)也不用when或where，只能用that。例如1）It was last month that I bought a video camera. (該句中的that不能換成

10、when)2）It was in London that I met her for the first time. (該句中的that不能換成where) that和who在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分的人稱和數(shù)保持一致；另外，其時(shí)態(tài)也要保持一致。例如：1）It is I who am responsible for the traffic accident.2）It was in the 1960s that the trade between the two countries reached its highest point. 還有一種發(fā)生了改變的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It i

11、s / was not until +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（詞、短語(yǔ)或從句）+ that從句（用肯定句）。例如：1）It was not until 11:45 that he went to bed.2）It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.3. 其他可以用于表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的方式： 用副詞或短語(yǔ)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，如：only, even, much, enough, by far, still, well, very, terribly, simply,

12、on earth（究竟）, in the world（究竟）, under the sun（究竟）, at all（根本）等。例如：1）What on earth does this mean?2）The book is well worth reading. 用雙重否定表示肯定并強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如：1）Its never too late to learn. 用倒裝句表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。1）Only then did I realize that I was wrong.2）By no means is translation easy.3）Not only did I make a promise, but

13、 I also kept it.倒裝句：在英語(yǔ)中比較常見的句子語(yǔ)序都是主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)，例如：I have a book. 主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) 而倒裝句則采用的句子語(yǔ)序是謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)的形式。例如：Here comes the bus.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)倒裝語(yǔ)序分為兩種形式：部分倒裝和全部倒裝。1. 部分倒裝：謂語(yǔ)中的一部分（如助動(dòng)詞do, does, did, have, has, had, will, shall, would, should等、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could, may, might, must, would, should, need等或be動(dòng)詞am, is, are, was, were等）放在主語(yǔ)的

14、前面，而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的其它部分則仍然放在主語(yǔ)的后面。例如：Only yesterday did he find out that his radio was missing.At no time will China be a superpower. 使用部分倒裝的情況主要有以下幾種：含有否定意義的副詞或短語(yǔ)，如：never, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, nowhere, not, no more, no longer, by no means, in no way, at no time, under no circumstances （決

15、不）, not until等放在句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝。例如：1) Not a single word have his parents heard from him since he left home.2) Seldom does she quarrel with her parents.3) Not until she took off her dark glasses did I recognize her.（注意：not until放在句首時(shí)，后面的從句不使用倒裝語(yǔ)序，只有主句倒裝。）4）Hardly had he got into the room when the phone r

16、ang.（注意：以hardly / scarcely when, no soonerthan，意思是“一就”，引出的句子中，hardly, scarcely或no sooner置于句首時(shí)，主句倒裝，即hardly, scarcely或no sooner后面的句子使用倒裝語(yǔ)序，并且用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；而when或than從句則用陳述語(yǔ)序，并且用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。）以not only but also開頭的句子使用倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如上文中的第句：Not only was Alaska difficult to reach, but it was also hard to live in, and it appea

17、red to be of no importance in time of war.注意：只有not only后面的句子使用倒裝語(yǔ)序，but also后面的句子使用陳述語(yǔ)序。但是，當(dāng)not only but also連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子不使用倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如：Not only he bust also you are wrong.另外，當(dāng)not only but also置于句中時(shí)，句子不使用倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如：She can speak not only English but also French. 以副詞so開頭的句子置于句首，表示前面一句的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，用倒裝語(yǔ)序。常用結(jié)構(gòu)是

18、：so+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)。例如：1) He is right, and so am I.2) She loves swimming; so does he.另外，在以so開頭的句型so+形容詞或副詞+主句+ that從句中，主句要使用倒裝語(yǔ)序, that后面的從句使用陳述語(yǔ)序。例如：So much does the boy worry about his final examination that he cant sleep at night. 當(dāng)neither或nor放在句首，表示前面一句所說(shuō)的否定情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，意思是“也不”，用倒裝語(yǔ)序。常用結(jié)構(gòu)是：neit

19、her / nor +情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)。例如：I have never been to New York, neither has she. as引起讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“盡管”（相當(dāng)于although / though引起的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）時(shí)，用倒裝語(yǔ)序。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有三種：形容詞/動(dòng)詞-ed形式/名詞（不帶冠詞）as主語(yǔ)be動(dòng)詞Great as the author was, he proved a bad model. Injured as he was, he continued to help the other passengers.Child as she is, sh

20、e knows a lot. 副詞as主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Hard as he tried, he didnt pass the exam.動(dòng)詞原形as主語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Try as they may, they will not succeed in the football game. only用在句首用于限制狀語(yǔ)（常用副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句）時(shí)，句子或主句要使用倒裝語(yǔ)序。常用結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為兩種：only+副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)其它Only yesterday did he find out that his book was missing. (only+副詞)Only in

21、this way can we learn English well. (only+介詞短語(yǔ))only+狀語(yǔ)從句（用陳述語(yǔ)序）主句（用倒裝語(yǔ)序：助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)其它）Only when they came back did I know what had happened.注意：如果only放在句首不是限制狀語(yǔ)而是限制主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子不使用倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如：Only Tom can solve this problem. 用在省略了if的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句子中。在含有were, had, should的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子中，如果省略了if， 則將were, had, should置于句首，形成倒裝語(yǔ)序。

22、例如：1）If I were here, I should go. = Were I here, I should go.2）If she had come earlier, she would have caught the train.= Had she come earlier, she would have caught the train.2. 全部倒裝：指的是整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)置于主語(yǔ)之前。通常謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是不及物動(dòng)詞，另外，時(shí)態(tài)只能是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。主要用于以下幾種情況：There be句型是典型的倒裝句，在這一句型中，there作形式主語(yǔ)，be后面的名詞或名詞性短語(yǔ)是真正的主語(yǔ)，

23、be在數(shù)上與后面的名詞或名詞性短語(yǔ)保持一致。例如上文中的第和句都是這種句型。Besides there are volcanoes （火山） there as Alaska lies on the Pacific “ring of fire”. For example, there are about 11,000 islands in Alaska.There be句型中的there可以換成here；be動(dòng)詞則可以用arise, exist, seem, live, appear, come, go, lie, remain, follow, happen, enter, stand等不及物

24、動(dòng)詞替代。例如：There lies a big river in London.Here comes the taxi.當(dāng)句首是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方位等的副詞，如：now, then, up, down, in, out, away, back, over, off等，并且主語(yǔ)是名詞或名詞性短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，句子用全部倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Now comes the winter vacation youre looking forward to.Out rushed the children.當(dāng)句首是表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，用全部倒裝。例如：On the top of the build

25、ing flies the national flag.在使用倒裝句時(shí)，要注意如果一個(gè)句子是復(fù)合句的話，不管它帶有幾個(gè)從句，倒裝語(yǔ)序都只能用一次，即主句用倒裝語(yǔ)序，而從句則一律使用陳述語(yǔ)序。相關(guān)練習(xí)：Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence, there are 4 choices of words marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentences.1. It was _

26、 who suggested that he go to Shanghai.A. hersB. her C. sheD. herself2. It was in the 1960s _ the trade between the two countries reached its highest point.A. thatB. whenC. whereD. which3. She _ you a nice cat yesterday. A. doesbuyB. did buyC. do buyD. have bought4. _, he is not happy.A. Though rich

27、is heB. Although rich he isC. As rich is heD. Rich as he is5. By no means _ good.A. this method isB. will this method beC. this method will beD. are this method6. _ about computer for you to read.A .There the book isB. Here a book isC. Here is a bookD. A book is7. _ that he could not say a word. A.

28、So frightened he wasB. So frightened was heC. So frightening he wasD. So frightening was he8. _ come here again.A. DoesB. DidC. DoD. You does9. She never laughed, _ lose her temper.A. or she ever didB. or did she everC. nor did she everD. nor she ever did10. _ all the fish died in the river that the

29、 villagers began to realize how serious the pollution was.A. It was not untilB. Not untilC. UntilD. It was until11. We have been told that under no circumstances _ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.A. may we useB. we could useC. we may useD. did we use12. _, she would have caught the train.A. did she come earlierB. had she come earlierC. she had come earlierD. she came earlier13.