七年級下冊_英語動(dòng)詞及其時(shí)態(tài)講解

1、教學(xué)內(nèi)容：初一動(dòng)詞極其時(shí)態(tài)系統(tǒng)講解，例題解析和相關(guān)習(xí)題教學(xué)重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)極其突破方法：助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞的用法；一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成；此外，大量的時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題必不可少。課時(shí)安排：一周一次知識梳理，提綱挈領(lǐng)，一直持續(xù)到期末考試前。動(dòng) 詞動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作（study, find, swim 等）或狀態(tài)（be, like, feel 等）的詞。動(dòng)詞具有人稱、數(shù)量、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和語態(tài)變化。動(dòng)詞分類：動(dòng)詞有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞四類。一）助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞沒有任何含義，不能單獨(dú)做謂語，只能和行為動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，幫助行為動(dòng)詞組成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣以及疑問或

2、否定形式。常見的助動(dòng)詞有be, do, does, did, have, will, shall等。具體用法如下：1、助動(dòng)詞be的用法如下：1）構(gòu)成各種進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如：It was raining all day yesterday. 昨天整天下雨。2）構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：The meeting was held yesterday afternoon.會議是昨天下午舉行的。3）與不定式連用表示按照計(jì)劃、預(yù)先安排或規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：They are to see an English film this evening.他們今天晚上看英語電影。2、助動(dòng)詞do的用法如下：1）構(gòu)成疑問式或否定式。

3、如：Does he think so? I didnt say anything about the result.2)在動(dòng)詞前加上do, does, did表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，意為“的確，確實(shí)”。如：They do study hard. She does love him.He did want to help the old man.3、have: 助動(dòng)詞have 的過去式是had。have和had均可與動(dòng)詞過去分詞一起構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)。如：He has lived here for three years. As soon as the sun had set they returned.4、sha

4、ll, should: 助動(dòng)詞shall只用于第一人稱的將來時(shí)態(tài)；助動(dòng)詞should 是shall的過去式，構(gòu)成過去將來時(shí)。如：I shall send ten letters to my good friend. She wanted to know if I should go to the palace.二）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定含義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，要和行為動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。它們也能表明句子的否定、疑問或時(shí)態(tài)上的區(qū)別。常見的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can, may, must, need, should等。表示能力表示能力一般用can, could。如：Rose can speak now,

5、 but she couldnt a week ago.be able to 也表示能力，它和can 的區(qū)別如下：1）表示做事的能力，兩者可通用。但can 只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。be able to 可用于任何時(shí)態(tài)。如：She could / was able to eat four pieces of bread when she was young. They will be able to finish the drawing soon.2) 表示過去經(jīng)過努力而成功的某一次動(dòng)作，只能用was/were able to, 但在否定句中可互換。如：She was weak, but

6、 was able to finish the task last night.can (could) 在疑問句中與第二人稱連用時(shí)，表示征求對方意見或提出請求，表示委婉語氣。雖然could是can的過去式，但是could 只是表示比can語氣更加委婉客氣，沒有時(shí)間上的差別。如：-Could you lend me your pen? -Yes, I can.表示許可表示許可一般用may/might, can/could, 而且?？苫Q。Might, could語氣比較委婉。要特別注意：回答以might, could開頭的疑問句只能用may, can 給予直截了當(dāng)?shù)幕卮稹?Might/Could

7、 I borrow your book?-Yes, you may/can.表示必需、必要 must和have to都有“必須” ，一般情況下可互換。如：You must / have to finish the work.但他們有如下區(qū)別：1）must 表示說話人的主觀看法；have to 表示客觀需要。如：I must have a talk with him. He has to give up smoking because of badly cough.2) 否定式mustnt 表示禁止，意為“不準(zhǔn)，不可以做”；dont have to 意為“不必”。如：You mustnt hit

8、 her.You dont have to explain it to me if you dislike the job.注：表示推測的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有表示“一定”的must, 表示“很有可能”的should, ought to 和表示“可能”的can, could, may, might。具體用法如下：must 表示較有把握的推測，只用于肯定句，不能用語否定句或疑問句。用法如下：1）對目前動(dòng)作的推測，用must+動(dòng)詞原形。如：You must lose in the mountain.2) 對目前狀態(tài)的推測，用must + be + 表語。如：You speak for 4 hours, you

9、 must be thirsty.在肯定句中，表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)戆盐詹淮蟮耐茰y用may (might) +動(dòng)詞原形，might 比 may的可能性更小對過去把握不大的推測用may (might) have+ 過去分詞。如：The package might come tomorrow. They mayhave killed the enemies.3、在疑問句中，對現(xiàn)在表示推測用can (could) +動(dòng)詞原形，對過去表示懷疑則用can (could) have+過去分詞；在否定句中，對現(xiàn)在表示推測用cant+動(dòng)詞原形，對過去表示推測用cant (couldnt) have+過去分詞。如：I

10、t cant be John. He has gone to UK.4、need的雙重身份need 既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又可作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，它們的用法不同，如不注意區(qū)分，就容易用錯(cuò)。三）系動(dòng)詞連詞動(dòng)詞的種類聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞含有一定意義，它們要與其后做表語的形容詞、名詞或介詞（短語）一起構(gòu)成合成謂語。系動(dòng)詞按意義可分為三類，而且有自己的特定用法。1按意義聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞有：be, appear, seem, keep, remain, continue, stay, prove 等，如：Jim appears very old.表示感覺的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞有：look, feel, smell, sound, taste等。如：I

11、t smells bad.3表示轉(zhuǎn)變的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞有：become, fall, get, go, grow, turn等。如：She becomes more beautiful than three years ago.四）行為動(dòng)詞 行為動(dòng)詞又稱實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，它們都含有實(shí)在的意義，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可在句中獨(dú)立作謂語。行為動(dòng)詞又分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。、及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞后一定要跟賓語，意思才能完整。如：My mother told me she wanted to buy some books for me.2、不及物動(dòng)詞 不及物動(dòng)詞意義完整，不需帶賓語，但如果有些不及物動(dòng)詞非要帶賓語時(shí)，必須先加

12、介詞后加賓語。如：He only worried about his daughter.二、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)有很多。初中階段主要掌握八種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)。1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：主語是I, we, you, they和名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)作謂語的行為動(dòng)詞用原形。主語是he, she , it和名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，作謂語的行為動(dòng)詞的詞尾變化如下：一般情況s以s, x, ch, sh或o結(jié)尾es以輔音y結(jié)尾去y變ies2）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式（以be和like為例）：主 語肯 定 式否 定 式疑 問

13、 式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)I am a student.We/You/ They are students.He/ She is a student.I / We/ You/ They/ like music.Many people like music.I am not a student.We/You/ They are not students.He/ She is not a student.I / We/ You/ They/ dont like music.Many people dont like music.Are you a student.Are you/

14、they students?Is he/ she a student?Do you/ they like music?Do many people like music?3）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的用法： 現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作 。例如：I get up at six every morning. He plays tennis once a week.現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài) 例如：My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school. 客觀真理 例如：The earth goesaround the sun.4）常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語： ofte

15、n usually sometimes always every day never in the morning 等。1. - May I help you, sir?- Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it _.A. didnt work B. doesnt work C. wont work D. cant work解析：電視雖然是前天買的， 但壞了是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)， 應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。選B.2_ the bus until it _. A. Get off, stops B. Get off, will stop C.

16、 Dont get off, stops D. Dont get off, will stop解析：這是一個(gè)以until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，主句是祈使句，因此從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。根據(jù)句意此題應(yīng)用not until（直到才）句型。應(yīng)選C。3The 70-year-old man _ exercises in the morning. A. takes B. are taking C. took D. will take解析：“這個(gè)70歲的老人早晨鍛煉?！边@里鍛煉是一個(gè)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。因此，應(yīng)選A.2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：Am/is/ are+ v-ing是

17、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式 v-ing現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：一般情況+ing以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的單詞。去e,加ing+ing以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的單詞去e+ing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí).雙寫詞尾字母+ing 2) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式：主 語肯 定 式否 定 式疑 問 式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)I am driving.He/She/It is working.We/You/They are doing something.I am not driving.He/She/It is not working.We/You/They are not do

18、ing anything.Are you driving?Is he/she/it working?Are you/they doing something?3）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法： 1. 說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（動(dòng)作是在說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行）。例如：She is having a bath now. 2. 現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（但是動(dòng)作并不是必須在說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行）。例如： You are working hard today.Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian.The population of the world

19、 is growing very fast.頻度副詞always, forever等詞連用時(shí)， 表示某種強(qiáng)烈的感情。如：He is always trying out new ideas. (表示欣賞，表揚(yáng))3.表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（僅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等動(dòng)詞）。如：The party is beginning at 8:00 oclock.4.常用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語： now 等。1I dont think that its true. Shes always _ lies. A. tell B.

20、tells C. telling D. told解析：always在這里應(yīng)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用， 帶有感情色彩， 表示討厭。選C.2. How _ you _ with the new job?A. do, do B. do, get along C. are, doing D. are, getting on解析：表示現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。選D.3- Are these socks yours?- No. Mine _ outside on the clothes line. A. are hanging B. have hung C. hang D. hung解析：hang意為懸掛

21、， hung意為上吊、絞死，先排除答案B、D。根據(jù)前后句意可判斷出現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。應(yīng)選 A.3一般將來時(shí)1）一般將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成：1. 助動(dòng)詞will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形 2. am / is / are +going to +動(dòng)詞原形 2）一般將來時(shí)的用法：1將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：I will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 2將要存在的狀態(tài)。例如：This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be? 3打算要做的事。 例如：Are you going to watch the film on

22、 television tonight? 3) 常用于一般將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow next week in 2008 等。 1. I_ for Hong Kong on Saturday. Will you go to see me off at the airport？A. am leaving B. am left C. am going to leaving D. left解析：趨向動(dòng)詞leave 可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來。選A。2.I_ to see grandma and help her with some housework every week.A. came B. a

23、m going come C. come D. will come解析：此題雖然有every week, 但句意中表達(dá)的事將要去做的經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作。應(yīng)該用一般將來時(shí)。因此選D。3. We Chinese _ the Olympic Games in 2008.A. held B. shall holding C. are holding D. are going to hold解析：本題的時(shí)間狀語是將來的時(shí)間， 所以選用一般將來時(shí)，A、D都刪去。shall后面應(yīng)跟動(dòng)詞原型，故應(yīng)選D.4一般過去時(shí) 1）一般過去時(shí)的構(gòu)成： 用動(dòng)詞的過去式。作謂語的行為動(dòng)詞的詞尾變化如下：一般情況+ed以e字母結(jié)尾的輔

24、音+d以輔音字母y結(jié)尾去y變ied重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母 雙寫詞尾字母+ed2）一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式（以be和like為例）：主 語肯 定 式否 定 式疑 問 式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)I was a student.We/You/ They were students.He/ She was a student.I / We/ You/ They/ liked music.Many people liked music.I was not a student.We/You/ They were not students.He/ She w

25、as not a student.I / We/ You/ They/ didnt like music.Many people didnt like music.Were you a student.Were you/ they students?Was he/ she a student?Did you/ they like music?Did many people like music?3）一般過去時(shí)的用法：1 過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：The police stopped me on my way home last night.2 過去存在的狀態(tài)。例如：They weren't

26、 able to come because they were so busy.3. 常用于一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語： yesterday，three months ago，last year，in 1979，often，always等。1 Mott is out. But he _ here a few minutes ago.A. was B. is C. will be D. would be解析：時(shí)分鐘前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)。 應(yīng)選 A，2-Hi, Tom.-Hello, Fancy. I _ you were here. A.dont know B.wont thin

27、k C. think D. didnt know解析：雖然句中沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語， 但是可以通過上下文語境判斷出， 這句話指的是我這段時(shí)間并不知道， 你前一陣子在這兒。 所以應(yīng)選A。3He promised to tell me by himself when I _.A. come B. would come C. come D. had come解析：在時(shí)間狀語從句中，用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來。應(yīng)選C。動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)習(xí)題1. We _out by that time that he_ a thief for a longtime.A. had found, had been B. had fou

28、nd, wasC. found, had been D. found, was2. It so happened that they_ the novel before. A. had read B. would read C. were reading D. read3. She_ for nearly two hours. A. kept talking B. kept to talk C. has kept talking D. kept to talking4. Spring_ after winter.A. comes B. came C. has come D. had come5

29、.I hear some noise in the next room.Oh, yes. Your sister_ there.A. cries B. is crying C. cried D. was crying6. All the students_ to plant trees and theres nobody in the classroom.A. go B. will go C. have gone D. wound go7. Stop! A little boy_ the street.A. is crossing B. crosses C. crossed D. has cr

30、ossed8. The girl_ to milk since last winter.A. learns B. learned C. has learned D. would learn9. What_ to you this morning?A. happens B. is happened C. happened D. was happened10. The old man looks healthy.Yes. He_ some running after he gets up. A. does B. did C. has done D. will do11. She didnt pas

31、s the exams because she_ her lessons well.A. wasnt prepared B. wasnt been preparedC. hadnt prepared D. was preparing12. This story_ in a faraway village in Europe many years ago.A. is happened B. was happened C. happened D. has been happened13. Mr King came back to our village.Really? For what?The o

32、ld man_ the noise in the city.A. is hating B. hates C. was hating D. has hated14. His father _ for a week.A. died B. will die C. has been died D. has been dead15. My mother is ill. I _stay at home and look after her.A. has to B. must C. would D. have to16.-Do you know the Frenchman? -Yes. I _him for

33、 two years.A. know B. have known C. knew D. have been known17. They_ all their money, so they have to walk home.A. spend B. had spent C. have spent D. will spend18. Great changes_ in the city, and a lot of factories_. A.have been taken place, have been set up B.have taken place, have been set up C.h

34、ave taken place, have set up D.were taken place, were set up19. -When did Kates grandma die?-While the doctors_ on her. A. are operating B. were operating C. operate D. operated20. -Who are you looking for?-Mr White. -Wait here for a while. The class meeting_ over in half an hour. A. is B. will be C

35、. was D. has been21. If shes not at home, you _ try telephoning her at the office. A. will B. could C. would D. need22. All the new words _ up in the dictionary yet. A. have looked B. havent looked C. have been looked D. havent been looked23.I dont want to speak to her, but I _. A. do B. have to C.

36、have to speak D. must to24. Hurry up, or you _ the train. A. miss B. lose C. will miss D. will lose25.The new library _ next week. A. will build B . will be built C. would build D. would be built26.-Wheres Mabel？-She _ ping pong behind the teaching building. A. is playing B. was playing C. played D.

37、 had played27. Quite a few tall buildings _ the last two years. A. have been put up B. were put up C. had put up D. put up28. Man-made-satellites_ into space by many countries. A. was sent up B. is sent up C. have been sent up D. has been sent up29. I _ all the words on the black board. May I go home now?B. copy B. will coup C. copied D. have copied30. Nobody knew _ a living in that country. A. to do B. to make C. how to do D. how to make31.The old man needs at most five hours sleep a night ,but he_ for over seven hours t