grammarpassivevoice

1、GrammarPassive Voice一、復(fù)習(xí)被動語態(tài)一、復(fù)習(xí)被動語態(tài)(Revise the Passive Voice)英語動詞有英語動詞有主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài) （the active voice）和和被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)（the passive voice）兩種形式。）兩種形式。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者; 被語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。如：被語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。如：Everyone enjoys exciting sports. (主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)) Exciting sports are enjoyed by everyone.(被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài))M

2、usic is being taught ( by Miss Li ) now.轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：用公式表示為用公式表示為:(主動主動) S+V+O S(O)+V(be+ V-ed)+ by+O(S), 如：如：Miss Li is teaching music now. 時時式式二、常見主被動時態(tài)變化一覽表二、常見主被動時態(tài)變化一覽表am/is/are being givenhas/have been givenwas/were being givenhad been givenshall/will have been given1. English is spoken all over

3、the world.2. The water is being turned into vapour.3. Those rooms have not been cleaned yet.4. He was seen to enter the room.5. At that time they were being shown how to run the machine.6. Radios had just been invented then, and people were talking about sending pictures by electricity.7. Madame Cur

4、ie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium.8. Before you come back, the building will have been finished.不定式被動式的用法不定式被動式的用法:不定式與其邏輯主語之間是不定式與其邏輯主語之間是被動關(guān)系時被動關(guān)系時,要用要用不定式的被動式。不定式的不定式的被動式。不定式的一般被動式一般被動式即即表示其邏輯主語是不定式動作的承受者表示其邏輯主語是不定式動作的承受者,又表示又表示其動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生其動作與謂語動詞的動作同時

5、發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生;不定式的不定式的完成被動式完成被動式即即表示其邏輯主語是不定式表示其邏輯主語是不定式動作的承受者，又表示其動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作的承受者，又表示其動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之前。動作之前。e.g. He ordered the bridge to be built within the month.他命令在月內(nèi)建成這座橋。他命令在月內(nèi)建成這座橋。(一般被動式一般被動式)She was glad to have been given so much help.得到如此多的幫助得到如此多的幫助, 她很高興。她很高興。(完成被動式完成被動式)三三. 動詞不定式的主動被動結(jié)構(gòu)變化一覽

6、表動詞不定式的主動被動結(jié)構(gòu)變化一覽表to be doneto have been done The meeting to be held is of great importance.(2) The bridge to be built next year is just between the one built last year and the one being built now. (3) This house seems to have been built by a good architect.More examples:通常在通常在believe, suppose, say,

7、 report等動詞構(gòu)成等動詞構(gòu)成的句子中可以進(jìn)行主動語態(tài)到被動語態(tài)以及的句子中可以進(jìn)行主動語態(tài)到被動語態(tài)以及被動語態(tài)和動詞不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換。如：被動語態(tài)和動詞不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換。如：They say that Mike is sick in bed.It is said that Mike is sick in bed.Mike is said to be sick in bed.據(jù)說麥克臥床不起據(jù)說麥克臥床不起.People believe that he was killed.It is believed that he was killed.He is believed to have been

8、 killed.大家相信他被殺了。大家相信他被殺了。13當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要采用被動形式。承受者時，不定式一般要采用被動形式。一、一、 不定式的被動形式有下列用法不定式的被動形式有下列用法:1. 作主語：作主語： It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.2. 作賓語：作賓語： She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.3. 構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語：構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語： He wanted the letter to be typed

9、at once. She didnt like herself to be praised like that.144. 構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語：構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語： The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.5. 作定語：作定語： Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office?6. 作狀語：作狀語： She was too young to be assigned such work.15二、不定式有時還可以有完成式的被動式二、不定式有時還可以有完成式的被動式,

10、在句中作在句中作主語、賓語、定語主語、賓語、定語, 或者構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語、復(fù)合謂語等?；蛘邩?gòu)成復(fù)合賓語、復(fù)合謂語等。It is a good thing for him to have been criticized. (主語主語)She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (賓語賓語)He thought it an honor to have been invited to the party. (復(fù)合賓語復(fù)合賓語)The book is said to have been translated into many language

11、s. (復(fù)合謂語復(fù)合謂語)She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. (定語定語)16三、不定式的主動形式表示被動三、不定式的主動形式表示被動 在在 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：例如：There is a lot of homework to do. (也可用也可用to be done)There is no time to lose (to be lost).2. 在在“npron + be + adj + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。 常用的形容詞有常用的形容詞有easy, difficult, ha

12、rd, impossible, nice, pleasant, light, heavy, fit, interesting, important, expensive, cheap, dangerous 等。等。如：如：He is hard to convince. He is an impossible person to work with173. 在在“tooto do; enoughto”結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：如： The problem is too difficult to work out/ (to be worked out) The house is big enough t

13、o live in.4. 在在“with+n+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：例如： With nothing to do, he lay in bed With so many exercises to do, I cant go to the cinema185. 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語在句中出現(xiàn)時。當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語在句中出現(xiàn)時。如：如：I have a letter to type today(I是是to type的邏輯主語的邏輯主語)Do you have anything to say? (you是是to say的邏輯主語的邏輯主語)6. 當(dāng)不定式隱含在當(dāng)不定式隱含在 for sb

14、to do結(jié)構(gòu)中時。結(jié)構(gòu)中時。例如：例如：This is the best book to read (=for usyou to read)The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house7. 一些作表語用的不定式的主動形式。常見的這類一些作表語用的不定式的主動形式。常見的這類動詞有動詞有 let (出租出租), rent, hire, blame 等。等。例如：例如：The house is to letI felt l was to blame.19NOTICE動詞不定式主動語態(tài)形式的使用要比被動動

15、詞不定式主動語態(tài)形式的使用要比被動語態(tài)形式的使用普遍語態(tài)形式的使用普遍, 有時有時(尤其在口語中尤其在口語中)雖然意思上是被動的雖然意思上是被動的, 也往往用主動語態(tài)也往往用主動語態(tài)形式來表示。形式來表示。 I have three motors to repair today. The task is difficult to finish on time.20 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. (MET99) A. not make B. not to make C. no

16、t making D. do not make 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. (MET2000) A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couples but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (MET2001) A. to see B. to be seen C.

17、 seeing D. seen不定式與高考題不定式與高考題B B B 214. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. (MET1993) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented5. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. (MET2003) A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C

18、. heavy too much D. too heavy muchC A 226. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (MET95)A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to7. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy. (1999上海高考上海高考) A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. fo

19、r choosingA B 238. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001年北京春季高考年北京春季高考) A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep 9. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (2002年上海春季高考年上海春季高考) A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being sett

20、ledA C 2410. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth a better place to live. (2003上海春季高考上海春季高考) A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing11. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies a

21、re trying _ their products more competitive. (2002上海春季高考上海春季高考) A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having madeB A 2512. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. (2003北京春季高考北京春季高考) A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make13. All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Chri

22、stmas. (05年遼寧卷年遼寧卷) A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receivingD C 2614. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone15. Robert is said _ abroad, but

23、I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be study D. to have been studying16. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A. what to do with it B. what to do it with C. what to do with D. to do what with itD A A 2717. Quite a few people

24、 used to believe that disaster _ if a mirror was broken. A. was sure of striking B. was sure of having struck C. was sure to be struck D. was sure to strike18. John was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing19. She reached the top of the hill and

25、stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. restD A C 2820. Last summer I took a course on _. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made21. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to

26、eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eat22. The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. (04) A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have causedA C C 23. To fetch water before breakfast seemed to be a rule _. A. to never break

27、 B. never to be broken C. never to have broken D. never to be breaking24. The tools in the workshop are not allowed _. A. taking out B. to take out C. to be taken out D. being taken outB C 25. The dam _ by the year 2012, will benefit the whole country. A. being completed B. to complete C. completed

28、D. to be completed26. Here we found little snow, as most of it seemed _ blown off the mountain. A. to have been B. to be C. that it was D. that it had beenD A 27. He said such a thing ought _ to happen. A. to be not allowed B. not to be allowing C. not to have allowed D. not to be allowed28. She tol

29、d me that her proposal needed _ into consideration. A. to take B. to be taken C. to be taking D. to have takenD B 29. The local health organization is reported _ twenty-five years ago when Dr. Adm became its first president. A. to be set up B. being set up C. to have been set up D. having been set u

30、pC 30. Large sums of money _ each year in painting the steelwork of bridges, ships, and other exposed structures. A. have spent B. have to be spent C. have to spend D. spendB 1. I feel greatly honored _ into their society. (2008北京卷北京卷) A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed高考鏈接高考鏈接C 2. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. (07江西卷江西卷) A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained3. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to st