八年級英語Chapter One French is calling上海牛津版知識精講

1、初二英語Chapter One: French is calling上海牛津版【本講教育信息】一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：Chapter One: French is calling二. 重點(diǎn)句子：1. go on to do 和 go on doing 看上去很相似，但意義完全不同。go on to do（to do 是動詞不定式）意為：繼續(xù)做另一件事，表示的是前一個動作完成之后，又接著做另一件事，常指短暫性動作，不可以與時間段的短語連用。We had supper and went on to watch TV. 我們吃過飯接著看電視。After she finished her homework,

2、she went on to help her mother with the housework. 做完家庭作業(yè)以后，她接著幫母親做家務(wù)。go on doing意為：繼續(xù)做同一件事，表示的是，繼續(xù)做原來的事情，中間可有停頓，也可沒有，多指延續(xù)性動作，能和表示時間段的短語連用。He didnt have a rest and went on working for another hour. 他沒休息就繼續(xù)工作了一個小時。After a short rest, they went on walking. 休息了一會兒，他們繼續(xù)往前走。介詞without常見的釋義有：沒有，缺乏He solved

3、 the maths problem for his younger sister without any difficulty. 他毫不費(fèi)勁地幫他妹妹解出了這道數(shù)學(xué)題。Without a moments hesitation, she jumped into the river to save the drowning girl.她毫不猶豫地跳進(jìn)河里去救溺水的女孩。不（做某事）He went away without taking leave. 他不辭而別。在外Each candidate must answer all the questions without exception.每個考

4、生都必須回答全部問題，沒有例外。由于without是介詞，當(dāng)我們要在其后使用動詞時，必須使用動詞的 ing 形式。2. The Channel Tunnel, or（use its nickname）the Chunnel, enables you to travel by train from Paris to London in about three hours. 英吉利海峽隧道，或（使用它的昵稱）“Chunnel”，可以使你在大約三小時的時間從巴黎坐火車到達(dá)倫敦。動詞enable “使能夠”是由形容詞able（有能力的）派生而來的。enable to do 是：使有能力做某事的意思。A

5、 birds wings enable it to fly. 鳥的翅膀使鳥能飛。Dictionaries enable you to understand English words.詞典使你能理解英語詞匯。3. In our city, we can see the influence of France in some ways. 我們居住的這個城市在某些方面也受到法國的影響。在本例中，influence 是個名詞，意為：影響，感化，意思與effect相近。eg: Charlie Chaplin had a big influence on films. 查理·卓別林對電影產(chǎn)生過

6、巨大的影響。eg: My teachers influence made me study science at college. 由于老師的影響，我上大學(xué)學(xué)了理科。此外，influence 還可以做動詞，意為：影響。eg: My teacher influenced my decision to study science.我的老師對我學(xué)理科的決定起了影響作用。in some ways是：在某些方面的意思。其中way是：某一方面，某一點(diǎn)或某一特征的意思。eg: Shanghai looks like Hong Kong in some ways. 上海在某些方面看起來很像香港。此外：我們還有

7、in a way 或in many ways 的用法。in a way 在某種程度上，從某一點(diǎn)上看。eg: I like the new styles, in a way. 從某種程度上來說，我喜歡這些新款式。In a way, you are right. 從某一點(diǎn)上看你是對的。in many ways在很多方面。eg: The baby is like his father in many ways. 這個孩子很像他的父親。4. Some bakeries provide French bread and cakes. 一些面包房有法式面包和蛋糕出售。bakery 是面包房的意思。詞根是動

8、詞bake，意為烘烤，烤。baker為名詞，意為：面包師。動詞：provide是供給，供應(yīng)的意思。主要用法有：直接接名詞作賓語。It is said that the management will provide food and drink. 據(jù)說管理部門將供應(yīng)飲食。用于provide sth. for sb. 結(jié)構(gòu)，即：向某人提供某物，也可以用provide sb. with sth.這兩者意思相同，可互換，但介詞不可混淆。They provided some necessary support for the sufferers.They provided the sufferers

9、with some necessary support.他們?yōu)槭茈y者提供了一些必要的援助。辨析：provide 與offerprovide指有遠(yuǎn)見，為應(yīng)付意外、緊急情況等作好充分的準(zhǔn)備。而：供給，提供，可用于provide sb.（with sth.）或provide sth.（for sb.）的結(jié)構(gòu)。He persuaded other people to provide money or to give help. 他說服別人提供資金或給予幫助。They provided us with all the books we need. 他們?yōu)槲覀兲峁┧枰乃械臅?。offer 側(cè)重表示：

10、愿意給予，常用于offer sb sth 或offer to do sth 結(jié)構(gòu)，后不能接賓語從句。eg: She offered me a cup of tea. 她給我端了杯茶。He offered to go instead of me. 他主動提出代替我去。5. Many of the worlds top designer names are France. Names such as Dior in clothes, Chanel in perfume, and Cartier in jewelry are familiar to many Chinese people. 許多世界

11、頂級設(shè)計(jì)品牌都是法國的。迪奧時裝，香奈兒香水和卡地亞珠寶都是中國人耳熟能詳?shù)钠放?。designer是：設(shè)計(jì)品牌，名牌的意思。其中designer不是名詞，而是形容詞，意為：由著名設(shè)計(jì)師設(shè)計(jì)的，名牌的。注意句中三個介詞in的用法，其后所跟的物質(zhì)名詞在這里是一個廣泛的范圍，如Dior in clothes指的是：服裝界品牌中：迪奧這個牌子。be familiar to 是：（某人）對很熟悉的意思。eg: The pop star is quite familiar to young people. 年輕人對這個流行歌手很熟悉。Chinese music isnt very familiar to

12、the Europeans. 歐洲人對中國音樂不是很熟悉。上述句子可以改寫為：be familiar with的形式，主語以人開頭，with后跟所熟知的事物，如上述第一個例句可以改寫為：Young people are familiar with the pop star. 6. A quick walk along Nanjing Road will remind you of many similar names. 沿著南京路逛一圈就會令人想起許多類似的名字。句中的介詞along the shelves for the book I needed. 我在書架上找我需要的那本書。along

13、還有：靠著邊的意思。eg: Houses has been built along both sides of the river. 河兩岸早已蓋起了房子。此外，along 還可以作副詞，常和不同的動詞搭配成短語動詞。向前：eg: I was just walking along singing to myself. 我獨(dú)自唱著歌向前走。（與某人）一道，一起。eg: We are going for a swim. Why dont you come along? 我們要去游泳，你干嗎不一起去呢?越來越好：eg: The books coming along nicely. 這本書越來越好看了

14、。動詞remind 是：提醒，使想起的意思，常見的用法有：remind后直接加賓語Im sorry. Ive forgotten your name. Can you remind me?對不起，我忘了你的名字，提醒我一下好么?remind sb to do sth. eg: Remind me to phone Alan before I go out. 提醒我在出去之前給艾倫打電話。remind 后加that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句eg: Passengers are reminded（that）no smoking is allowed on this train.旅客們請注意，本次列車禁止吸煙

15、。remind 后加 wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：eg: Can someone remind me what I should do next? 誰能告訴我下一步該做什么?remind 后接直接引語：You had an accident, he reminded her. 他提醒她道：“你出過一次事故了。”remind sb of sth 相當(dāng)于 make sb remember sth. 即：令想起的意思。eg: You reminded me of your father when you said that. 你說這樣的話，使我想起了你的父親。That smell reminds me o

16、f France. 這股氣味使我想起了法國。形容詞similar 是：相像的，相仿的，類似的。eg: We have very similar interests. 我們興趣相仿。The two houses are similar in size. 兩座房子大小差不多。similar 常與to 搭配，后接人或物.be similar to 與相像。eg: Rats are similar to mice, but they are bigger. 碩鼠與家鼠很相似，但它們要大一些。be similar to 與 be quite like意思相同，可以改寫為：eg: Rats and mic

17、e are similar. 碩鼠與家鼠很相似。這里的similar 可以用近義詞 alike來代替。similar 的反義詞有：dissimilar（adj.）不同的，相異的 different（adj.）不同的。三. 零冠詞的用法：1. 在日期，月份，節(jié)日等名詞前不加the。eg: 1 October is Chinese National Day. 10 月1日是中國的國慶節(jié)。Today is Saturday. 今天是星期六。We are going to have a party on Christmas Eve. 我們打算在平安夜開個派對。2. 在表示稱呼，職務(wù)或頭銜的名詞前不加t

18、he。eg: Sir Isaac Newton was a great scientist. 伊薩克·牛頓爵士是個偉大的科學(xué)家。Eddie was elected to be secretary of our club. 艾迪被選為我們社團(tuán)的理事長。3. 名詞前不加the 表示泛指。eg: Camels are useful animals in the desert. 駱駝是沙漠中十分有用的動物。Steel is made from iron. 鋼是由鐵煉成的。Do you often listen to light music? 你常聽輕音樂么?4. 街道，廣場名稱前不加the。

19、Peoples Square 人民廣場 Tiananmen Square天安門廣場。Nanjing Road Walkway 南京路步行街 Fifth Avenue 第五大道5. 學(xué)科，語言前不加the。eg: My favourite subject at school is physics. 在學(xué)校，我最喜歡的科目是物理。Can you speak English? 你會說英語么?Put the following sentences into French. 請把下列句子翻譯成法語。【模擬試題】（答題時間：50分鐘）一. 選擇填空1. It was _ that we saw him a

20、t the party last night. A. amaze B. amazing C. amazed D. amazes2. You can go abroad _. A. take a planeB. on plane C. by the plane D. by plane3. The computer _ us to calculate much faster than before. A. enables B. make C. finds D. reminds4. Mineral water is one of _ in summer. A. the most popular dr

21、inks B. the most popular drink C. most popular drink D. most popular drinks5. Sweet foods _chocolate can make you fat. A. the same as B. such asC. look like D. is like6. -Did you ever go there?-I _ go there myself. A. use B. used to C. am used to D. was used to 7. Mr Brown came into the classroom, _

22、a book under his arm. A. for B. at C. from D. with8. -Did you buy a house?-Yes, it is a large one _ a small garden in front of it. A. for B. to C. with D. on9. -Would you like to buy this digital camera?-Its too expensive. I have to _ it. A. think about B. come up with C. catch up with D. get along

23、with10. _concert was held at City Hall last night. _man from Korea played _ violin wonderfully. A. The, A, a B. The, A, the C. A, the,（不填）D. A, A, the11. During holidays, parents always take their children to the Disney parks to _ their interests. A. use B. begin C. further D. see12. Tom, like his c

24、lassmates, _ radio every day. A. listen to B. listen to theC. listens to the D. listens to13. -_is it from Euro-Disney to the centre of Paris?-Euro-Disney is just an hours way by train from the centre of Paris. A. How far B. How long C. How often D. How soon二. 字母組詞1. A bottle of _（hcamapnge）is very

25、necessary in victory celebrations. （慶祝勝利）2. French _（fumeerp）is famous all over the world. Most ladies like it very much. 3. Many pupils are standing in two _（wors）and waiting to enter the theatre. 4. Universities should be the centres of _. （tureluc）三. 選擇并抄寫單詞1. France has many _（mountain, agricult

26、ural）regions which are excellent for planting. 2. He _（offered, provided）us with a car. 3. Its _（amazing, amazed）to see so many cartoon characters in Disneyland. 4. Wheat, beans and corn belong to agricultural _. （products, production）We have _（similar, familiar）tastes in music. We both like country

27、 music. 5. -Are you going to the art _（concerts, exhibition）?-Im too busy right now. Maybe Ill have time tomorrow. 6. We want to go to other countries to _ our studies. （further, farther）A _ area is pretty to look at. （scenic, scenery）四. 根據(jù)漢語寫單詞1. You can see the _of Japan in many ways in our city.

28、（影響）2. Beijing is the _of China. （首都）3. The Great Wall is the world-famous _in Beijing. （標(biāo)志性的建筑物）4. My mother is thinking about going _for the holidays. （去國外, 到國外）五. 閱讀The earliest controversies about the relationship between photography and art centered on whether photographs fidelity to appearance

29、s and dependence on a machine allowed it to be a fine art as distinct from merely a practical art. Throughout the nineteenth century, the defence of photography was identical with the struggle to establish it as a fine art. Against the charge that photography was a soulless, mechanical copying of re

30、ality, photographers asserted that it was instead a privileged way of seeing, a revolt against commonplace vision, and no less worthy an art than painting. Ironically, now that photography is securely established as a fine art, many photographers find it pretentious or irrelevant to label it as such

31、. Serious photographers variously claim to be finding, recording, impartially observing, witnessing events, exploring themselvesanything but making works of art. They are no longer willing to debate whether photography is or is not a fine art, except to proclaim that their own work is not involved w

32、ith art. It shows the extent to which they simply take for granted the concept of art imposed by the triumph of Modernism: the better the art, the more subversive it is of the traditional aims of art. Photographers disclaimers of any interest in making art tell us more about the harried status of th

33、e contemporary notion of art than about whether photography is or is not art. For example, those photographers who suppose that, by taking pictures, they are getting away from the pretensions of art as exemplified by painting remind us of those Abstract Expressionist painters who imagined they were

34、getting away from the intellectual austerity of classical Modernist painting by concentrating on the physical act of painting. Much of photographys prestige today derives from the convergence of its aims with those of recent art, particularly with the dismissal of abstract art implicit in the phenom

35、enon of Pop painting during the 1960s. Appreciating photographs is a relief to sensibilities tired of the mental exertions demanded by abstract art. Classical Modernist paintingthat is, abstract art as developed in different ways by Picasso, Kandinsky, and Matissepresupposes highly developed skills

36、of looking and a familiarity with other paintings and the history of art. Photography, like Pop painting, reassures viewers that art is not hard; photography seems to be more about its subjects than about art. Photography, however, has developed all the anxieties and self-consciousness of a classic

37、Modernist art. Many professionals privately have begun to worry that the promotion of photography as an activity subversive of the traditional pretensions of art has gone so far that the public will forget that photography is a distinctive and exalted activityin short, an art. 1. What is the author

38、mainly concerned with? The author is concerned withA. defining the Modernist attitude toward art. B. explaining how photography emerged as a fine art. C. explaining the attitude of serious contemporary photographers toward photography as art and placing those attitudes in their historical context. D. defining the various approaches that serious contemporary photographers take toward their art and assessing the value of each of those approaches. 2. Which of the following