牛津譯林版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)8AUnit1-3語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)-形容詞副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)精講精練(含答案)

1、牛津譯林版8A形容詞副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)精講精練一、形容詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1. 形容詞的定義形容詞(adjective),簡(jiǎn)稱adj.，是用來(lái)修飾事或物的屬性特點(diǎn)性質(zhì)的詞，一般用于名詞之前，用形容詞的原級(jí)。例：The picture on the wall is very beautiful.English is my favourite subject.He is very tall and strong.程度副詞very, so, too, enough, quite可用于修飾形容詞原級(jí)。例：The man is very/quite handsome.The tripes a

2、re too hot to eat.The food is so delicious that I can't wait to eat it.He is brave enough to fight with the bad guy.2. 形容詞的用法1) 形容詞作定語(yǔ)形容詞作定語(yǔ),放在名詞之前,不定代詞之后。例：He lives in a beautiful house. 他住在一座漂亮的房子里。There is nothing important in today's newspaper. 今天報(bào)紙上沒(méi)有什么重要內(nèi)容。2) 形容詞作表語(yǔ)形容詞作表語(yǔ),放在系動(dòng)詞(be, fee

3、l, look, smell, taste, sound, get, become, keep, turn, seem等)之后。例：Everything will be all right. 一切都會(huì)好的。After a long walk, I felt tired. 走了很遠(yuǎn)的一段路后我累了。3) 形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 形容詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),放在賓語(yǔ)之后,常與make, leave, keep, find等動(dòng)詞連用。例：He keeps the classroom clean every day. 他們每天保持教室干凈。People usually keep the vegetables fr

4、esh in the fridge. 人們常把蔬菜放在冰箱里保鮮。4) 形容詞的名詞化,“the+形容詞”表示一類人,相當(dāng)于名詞,用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。例：The old often think of old things. 老人常想起過(guò)去的事情。They are going to build a school for the deaf and the blind. 他們將要給聾人和盲人蓋一所學(xué)校。5) 形容詞作狀語(yǔ)例：These soldiers spent three days in the cold weather, cold and hungry.這些士兵們?cè)诶涮炖锒冗^(guò)了三天,又冷又餓。He

5、 lay in bed, awake. 他躺在床上，醒著。Sure enough, she was there. 果然，她在那。6) 形容詞的先后順序如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí), 形容詞的先后順序由它們和被修飾的名詞之間的密切程度而定, 越密切的形容詞越靠近名詞。如果幾個(gè)形容詞的密切程度差不多則按音節(jié)少的形容詞放在前面, 音節(jié)多的形容詞放在后面。為方便記憶,可記住一句話：美小圓新黃,法國(guó)木書(shū)房。限定詞數(shù)詞性狀形容詞冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞描繪性形容詞形狀、大小長(zhǎng)短、高低年齡、新舊、溫度顏色國(guó)籍地區(qū)出處材料物質(zhì)目的用途a(n)thethismyhisfirstseco

6、ndthirdonetwothreegoodkindsickrudenicelittlebiglargelongroundsquareoldnewhotcoldwhiteyellowredblackBritishChineseAsianeasterncottonmetalstonesilkwritingmedical2. 形容詞的同級(jí)比較同級(jí)比較，即表示兩者(A與B)在某一方面相同時(shí)用句型：A + 謂語(yǔ) + as + 形容詞 + as + B 表示“和一樣”例：English is as important as Maths. 英語(yǔ)和數(shù)學(xué)一樣重要。You are as tall as Jim.

7、 你和吉姆一樣高。A + 謂語(yǔ) + not + as/so + 形容詞 + as + B 表示“和不一樣，A不如B”例：You are not as/so tall as Jim. 你和吉姆不一樣高。(你沒(méi)有吉姆高/你比吉姆矮)This book is not as/so interesting as that one. 這本書(shū)沒(méi)有那本書(shū)有趣。3. 形容詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)當(dāng)我們將兩個(gè)對(duì)象進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，我們要用形容詞的比較級(jí)，表示“較”、“更一些”、“比更”當(dāng)被比較的對(duì)象是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上時(shí)，我們要用形容詞的最高級(jí)，表示“最”被比較的對(duì)象可以是人也可以是事或物。形容詞最高級(jí)前面通常要加定冠詞the形

8、容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)構(gòu)成方法如下表：詞尾變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞大多數(shù)后加er或estgreatyounghighhardsmallnewgreateryoungerhigherhardersmallernewergreatestyoungesthighesthardestsmallestnewest以e結(jié)尾的詞后加r或stsafelatelargenicesaferlaterlargernicersafestlatestlargestnicest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母，再加er或estbighotthinbiggerhotterthinnerbig

9、gesthottestthinnest以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，去掉y，再加ier或iestearlyeasybusyfriendlyearliereasierbusierfriendlierearliesteasiestbusiestfriendliest多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞在詞前面加more或mostcarefulbeautifuluselessseriousgladtiredmore carefulmore beautifulmore uselessmore seriousmore gladmore tiredmost carefulmost beautifulmost uselessmo

10、st seriousmost gladmost tired不規(guī)則變化無(wú)具體，需單獨(dú)記憶good/wellbad/illmany/muchlittlefaroldbetterworsemorelessfarther/furtherolder/elderbestworstmostleastfarthest/furthestoldest/eldest形容詞比較級(jí)常見(jiàn)于以下句式：1) 通常情況下，我們用“比較級(jí)+than”來(lái)引出比較的第二部分。例：You are taller than him/he is.This story is more interesting than that one.2)

11、我們用“Which/Who+比較級(jí)，or？”的句型來(lái)表示在兩者中選擇。例：Which is bigger, the sun or the earth？Who is taller, Tom or Terry？3) 我們可在比較級(jí)前加上a little, a bit, a great deal, a lot, much, even, still, far, any等副詞表示程度。例：China is much larger than Japan. I am a little taller than him.4) 我們用“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”或“more and more+原級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示人或事

12、物本身程度的改變。例：The boys are getting stronger and stronger.It is becoming more and more popular for young people to record their lives with Tik Tok.5) “倍數(shù)/歲數(shù) + 比較級(jí) + than”表示“比.大(小)多少倍/多少歲”例：This garden is four times larger than that one. My brother is three years older than me.6) “比較級(jí) + than any other +

13、名詞單數(shù)”表示“比任何都”用于同一類人或物在某同一范圍內(nèi)比較。例：Mike is taller than any other boy in his class. (Mike也是這個(gè)班里的) =Mike is taller than other boys in his class. =Mike is the tallest boy in his class.China is larger than any other country in Asia.7) “比較級(jí) + than any + 名詞單數(shù)”表示“比任何都”用于同一類人或物在不同范圍內(nèi)比較。例：Mike is taller than a

14、ny boy in my class. (Mike不是我們班的)Shanghai is larger than any city in Shandong.8) “the + 比較級(jí) + of the two”突出兩者中更.的那一個(gè)例：Mike is the taller of the two.9) “l(fā)ess + 形容詞的原級(jí) + than”表示“不如、不及”。例：This computer is less expensive than that one.10) “the + 比較級(jí), the + 比較級(jí)”表示一方程度隨另一方程度變化而變化，意為“越就越”例：The older you gro

15、w, the wiser you will become. The more difficult the problem is,the more careful we should be.11) “not + 比較級(jí) + than”表示一方不如另一方 *“no + 比較級(jí) + than”表示前者和后者一樣都不例：I am not taller than you. 我沒(méi)有你高。 I am no taller than you. 我們都不高。形容詞最高級(jí)常見(jiàn)于以下句式：1) 我們用“形容詞性物主代詞+最高級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示某人或某事的“最”例：Peter is his oldest son. 皮特是他

16、最年長(zhǎng)的兒子。2) 用“the + 最高級(jí) + 比較范圍”的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示某一范圍的“最” 可以用介詞of和among后面接表示范圍的人或物，in后面接表示范圍的名詞和名詞性短語(yǔ)例：I am the tallest of/among the three. Russia is the largest country in the world.3) 用“the + 序數(shù)詞 + 最高級(jí) + 名詞單數(shù) + 范圍”表示“在中是第幾”例：China is the third largest country in the world.4) 用“one of the + 最高級(jí) + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“最的之一”例：

17、One of the most important qualities is honesty. China is one of the largest countries in the world.【注意】one of有三大考點(diǎn)：1. 后跟形容詞最高級(jí)；2. 后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式；3. 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)主語(yǔ)為one，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式寫(xiě)出下列形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)longwelllargethinhotgoodbadlittledeliciousmuchearlyfastdifficulthardmanyfaroldoftenbusytallslowsmallfews

18、martnicelatebravefunnyhappylazyheavydirtybeautifulinterestingdangerouspoliteexpensiveimportantcarefulquick適當(dāng)形式填空1.He is 3 times as _(old) as me. 2.I'm too tired to go any _.(far)3.Who is _(clever), Lily or Lucy? 4.Tom is the _(heavy) of the three.5.Tom is the _ (heavy) of the two boys.6.Russia i

19、s _(large) than any other country in the world.7.His computer is the _(expensive) of all.8.You are pretty _(beautiful).9.The book is _(useful) than that one.10.Who's the _(healthy) , you, he or she?11.How _(small) the shirt is! I want a _ (big) one.12.I feel much _(excited) now.13.Soccer is beco

20、ming _ and _ _(popular) in China.14.The _(much) you practice, the _ (good) your English will be.15.It's the third _ (long) river in China.二、副詞的原級(jí)，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1.副詞的定義副詞(Adverb 簡(jiǎn)稱adv.)是指在句子中表示行為或狀態(tài)特征的詞，用以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞或全句，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念。2.副詞的分類副詞可分為：時(shí)間副詞、頻率副詞、地點(diǎn)副詞、方式副詞、程度副詞、疑問(wèn)副詞、連接副詞、關(guān)系副詞、表順序、表完成的副詞等。

21、1) 時(shí)間頻率副詞：now，then，often，always，usually，next，already(已經(jīng))，generally(一般地)，frequently(頻繁地)，seldom/hardly(很少的)，ever，never，yet，soon，too，immediately(立即)，finally，shortly(很快)，before，ago，sometimes，yesterday，once，twice，lately，recently，personally，today2) 地點(diǎn)副詞：here，there，everywhere，anywhere，somewhere，in，out，ins

22、ide，outside，above，below，up，down，back，forward(向前的)，home，upstairs(樓上的)，downstairs，across，along，round，around，near，off，past，up，away，on3) 方式副詞：carefully，properly(適當(dāng)?shù)?，anxiously(焦慮地)，suddenly，normally(正常地)，fast，well，calmly(冷靜地)，politely(禮貌地)，proudly(自豪地)，softly，warmly，slowly，badly，hard，bravely4) 程度副詞：much

23、，little，very，rather(相當(dāng))，so，too，still，quite，perfectly(完美地)，enough，extremely(非常)，entirely(整個(gè))，almost，slightly(細(xì)小地)，hardly5) 疑問(wèn)副詞：how， when， where， why6) 關(guān)系副詞：when， where， why7) 連接副詞：therefore(因此)，moreover，however，otherwise，then，when，where，how，why8) 表順序的副詞：first，then，next，finally，afterwards，primarily9)

24、 完成時(shí)的副詞：already，ever，just，never，since，yet，recently3.副詞的放置位置1) 多數(shù)副詞放在動(dòng)詞后面，或者放在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。 如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞后有賓語(yǔ)，則放于賓語(yǔ)之后。例：I am also Bush. 我也是布什。I can also do that. 我也可以這樣做。I also want to play that games. 我也想玩這游戲。I get up early in the morning every day. 每一天的早晨我都起得很早。We can go to this school freely. 我

25、們可以免費(fèi)到這家學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。They left a life hardly then. 當(dāng)時(shí)他們的生活很艱難。2) 副詞修飾形容詞時(shí)，一般放在被修飾詞之前，但enough除外。例：It's rather easy, I can do it. 這很容易，我能做到。He did it quite well. 他做得相當(dāng)好。It's rather difficult to tell who is right. 很難說(shuō)誰(shuí)是對(duì)的。He didn't run fast enough to catch the train. 他的奔跑速度不足以快到能夠追上火車。3) 頻度副詞可放在實(shí)義動(dòng)

26、詞的前面，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞的后面。例：I often help him these days. 這些日子我經(jīng)常幫助他。I always remember the day when I first came to this school.You couldn't always help me. 你不能老是幫助我。We usually go shopping once a week. 我們通常一周買一次東西。The new students don't always go to dance. 新學(xué)生并不時(shí)常去跳舞。4) 疑問(wèn)副詞，連接副詞，關(guān)系副詞以及修飾整個(gè)句子的副詞，通常放在句

27、子或從句的前面。例：When do you study everyday? 你每天什么時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)?First, let me ask you some questions. 先讓我來(lái)問(wèn)幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。5) 時(shí)間副詞和地點(diǎn)副詞在一個(gè)句中，地點(diǎn)副詞在前面，時(shí)間副詞在后面。例：We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday.昨天九點(diǎn)鐘我們到超市買東西了.What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午你在教室里干什么？The accident took p

28、lace in the Eleven Avenue one hour ago.這場(chǎng)事故在一小時(shí)前發(fā)生在十一號(hào)大街。6) *否定副詞在句首，句子要部分倒裝。例：Never have I felt so excited! 我從來(lái)沒(méi)有覺(jué)得這么激動(dòng)！4.副詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)我們對(duì)事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，會(huì)用副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，構(gòu)成方法如下表：變化規(guī)則原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)單音節(jié)詞大多數(shù)加er或estlowfasthardlatesoonlowerfasterharderlatersoonerlowestfastesthardestlatestsoonest多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞在詞前加more或mostcarefu

29、llybeautifullyhappilyquicklyquietlymore carefullymore beautifullymore happilymore quicklymore quietlymost carefullymost beautifullymost happilymost quicklymost quietly不規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則wellbadlyfarmuchlittlebetterworsefarther/furthermorelessbestworstfarthest/furthestmostleast*有些詞既可以作形容詞也可以作副詞：far、fast、hard、hi

30、gh、late、long、well*副詞最高級(jí)前的the可以省略【注意】并不是所有的形容詞和副詞都有比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)例：Daniel drives faster than me.She plays volleyball (the) best in her class.He jumps higher than me.He jumps (the) highest in his class.寫(xiě)出下列副詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)carefullybeautifullyfasthighhardwelleasilybadlylatelowhappilyquietly適當(dāng)形式填空1.

31、Ben _ (jump) _ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 2. _ Nancy sing _ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _. 3. Jim runs _(slow). But Ben runs _(slow).4. Li Lei speaks English _ (well) in his group.5. Alice writes _(carefully) than I.6.My sister doesn't write as _(good) as I do.三、比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)中需要注意的事項(xiàng)1.

32、 比較應(yīng)在同類事物之間進(jìn)行。誤：Your English is better than me. 正：Your English is better than mine.2. 比較級(jí)前可以有一個(gè)表示程度的狀語(yǔ)，最常見(jiàn)的修飾詞是：a little, much, far, even。以下單詞也可用來(lái)修飾：any, still, a lot, yet, rather。例：My sister is a little taller than me. Their house is much larger than ours.另外，名詞短語(yǔ)也可修飾比較級(jí)，說(shuō)明程度。例：I'm three years o

33、lder than he.特別提醒：very, quite, too不可修飾比較級(jí)。3. 避免重復(fù)使用比較級(jí)。誤：He is more cleverer than his brother. 正：He is cleverer than his brother.4. 比較要符合邏輯，在同一范圍內(nèi)比較時(shí)，避免將主語(yǔ)含在比較對(duì)象中，這時(shí)需使用other來(lái)排除自身。例：He is taller than other boys in his class.5. 比較要遵循前后一致的原則，注意前后呼應(yīng)。例：The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Be

34、ijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.6. 序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級(jí)。例：Africa is the second largest continent.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.7. 為避免重復(fù)，我們通常用that, those, one, ones代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，those代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。o

35、ne既可指人又可指物，只能代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，ones既可指人又可指物，只能代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。例：The weather in China is different from that in America.The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.【注意】

36、that相當(dāng)于the one，those相當(dāng)于the ones，代替的是特指；而one與ones只是泛指，并沒(méi)有特定代替對(duì)象，只是單純的代替所指的任意一個(gè)或一些8. 比較級(jí)前一般不加冠詞。但表示兩者中較突出者，且比較級(jí)后又有名詞或出現(xiàn)了of the two，這時(shí)比較級(jí)前一定要加the。例：He is the taller of the two. Of the two jobs, he chose the harder. Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy?【注意】試比較：Which is larger, Canada or Australia? Whi

37、ch is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.9. 不含than的比較級(jí)前可加不定冠詞修飾，構(gòu)成“a/an+比較級(jí)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”表示“一個(gè)更的人/物”。 例：Why don't you use a sharper knife? 你為什么不用一把更鋒利的刀呢？10. 比較級(jí)than后應(yīng)用主語(yǔ)加謂語(yǔ)，即比較狀語(yǔ)從句的形式，但非正式語(yǔ)體中常用賓格形式。例：He is taller than me/I

38、am.11. 為避免重復(fù)，比較級(jí)中同樣的動(dòng)詞常用助動(dòng)詞do, does, did替代。例：I spend less time doing homework than John does. She tells more funny jokes than we do.1.The price of television sets is becoming _. So every family has at least one TV. A. fewer and fewer B. less and less C. higher and higher D. lower and lower 2.-How wa

39、s your listening test last week? -Oh, I couldn't feel _. I made few mistakes in it.A. betterB. bestC. worseD. worst 3.After the education reform(改革) in JiangSu Province, it's hoped that the students will have_ time to relax and _ homework to do. A. less , more B. much, many C. fewer, more D.

40、 more ,less 4.The number of the tourists to Suzhou_and a number of them_their holiday during their stay.A. is getting larger and larger; enjoy B. are getting more and more; enjoysC. is getting more and more; enjoy D. are getting larger and larger; enjoys5.“Reading Corner”, which entered Happy Commun

41、ity Center this spring, has made it _ for the people there to experience the pleasure of reading than before.A. easy B. easier C. easily D. more easily6.We should do things better with _ people and _ money.A. more, fewerB. fewer, less C. more, more D. less, fewer7.Daniel is the best student in our c

42、lass. He always works than us.A. much harder B. more harder C. much hard D. more hard8.The weight of the elephant is _ than _ of any other animal in the zoo.A. more; it B. more; that C. heavier; that D. more; the one9. Wang Hua speaks English very well, but of course not _ the people born in America

43、.A. so good as B. as good as C. the best as D. as well as 10. _ children there are in a family, _ their life will be.A. The less; the better B. The fewer; the better C. Fewer; richer D. More; poorer11. No wonder(難怪)Kobe is one of the best players. He practices than his teammates.A. more hardly B. mu

44、ch harder C. much hardly D. more harder12.The car is running . It seems to be flying _.A. more and faster B. more fast and fast C. faster and fast D. faster and faster13. If you want to be healthier, you have to eat _ and exercise _.A. fewer; more B. few; fewer C. less; more D. less; fewer14. My lit

45、tle son seemed _ after grandma gave him a bottle of Cola. A. much more happily B. to be a little happier C. to be more happier D. a little more happily15. -What do you think of Miss Li's teaching? -Oh, I think no one teaches .A. good B. well C. better D. best16. Sam drives Amy, so it will take h

46、im time to go to the hotel. A. much faster than; lessB. more slowly than; less C. as fast as; moreD. as slowly as; more17.People who eat a balanced diet live than who only eat hamburgers.A.more healthy;the ones B.more healthily;onesC.much more healthily;those D.much healthier;that18.-Do you enjoy th

47、e film Mission Impossible-Rogue Nation? -Of course.I have never seen one in the last few years.A.a better B.the better C.the best D.a best19.-Steve is good at writing short stories. -Yes,he is.But he writes than us,so he doesn't get good points in writing.A.less carefully B.more carefully C.more

48、 careful D.less careful20.The number of the teachers in our school is becoming .A.men;fewer and fewer B.man;more and moreC.man;larger and larger D.men;smaller and smaller21. Jack is _of the two boys.A.taller B.tall C.the taller D.the tallest22. -What do you think of the movie? -Pretty good.I have ne

49、ver seen _ better film than this.A. / B.a B.an D.the23. Shanghai is larger than_in Jiangsu Province.A. any city B.any other city C.any cities D.any other cities24. China is larger than_in Asia.A. any country B.any other country C.the other countries D.any countries25. The weather in Beijing is colde

50、r than _Hangzhou.A. the one B.this C.that D.weather26. Zhenjiang is one of_in China.A. the most beautiful city B. most beautiful citiesC. the most beautiful cities D. most beautiful city27. _you are,_mistakes you will make.A. More careful,fewer B. Most careful,fewestC. The more careful,the fewer D.

51、The most careful,the fewest28. I think France is _Japan.A. as beautiful than B. as beautiful as C. so beautiful as D. as more beautiful29. The red one is_the blue one,so will choose the blue one.A. more beautiful than B. so beautiful as C. as beautiful as D.less beautiful than30. Lin Tao is the second_boy on my class.A. tallest B.the tallest C.taller D.the taller31. Today I am feeling_worse.A. very