外研版高中英語選修六1-6單元知識點歸納

1、外研版高中英語選修六1-6 單元知識點歸納Module 1【詞條 1】 lack【點撥】lack動詞，意為"缺乏，沒有"。如：He is good at his job but he seems to lack confidence.What he lacks in experience he makes up for in enthusiasm.【拓展】1. lack的常用短語有：be lacking"欠缺，缺乏"；be lacking in"缺乏(某種品質(zhì)、特點等 )"； lack (for) nothing" 應(yīng)有盡有

2、"。如:Money for the project is still lacking.I think the film is lacking in pace.They have got everything ready and they lack for nothing.2. lack還可作名詞，常與of連用，意為"缺乏，沒有"。for lack of”因為缺乏”。如:The work had to be stopped for lack of funds.The flowers withered for lack of water.【詞條2】 reply【點撥】

3、名詞,意為"回答,答復(fù) ",常與介詞to 連用。如 :Is it a reply to the first or the second letterTo my anger, she made no reply to my question.其常疝在短語in reply to中，意如'作為幾的回答，回復(fù)”。如：What did he do in reply to your challenge【拓展】reply也可作動詞，意為"回答，答復(fù)”,reply (to/that)。如：The teacher gave me no chance to reply to

4、her question.Lily replied that she knew nothing about it.【詞條3】 apology【點撥】apology石詞，意為"道歉，歉意"，常用于短語:offer / make an apology to sb.' 向某人道歉", accept an apology接受道歉”。如：It s impolite of you to leave without a word of apology.In my judgment, we should accept their apology.You d better

5、make an apology for your absence.【拓展】其動詞形式為apologize意為"道歉，表示歉意"，常用短語為：apologize to sb.(for sth.)"(因某事)向某人道歉"。如：I must apologize for not being able to meet you that day.I think Tom might have apologized to Jane for what he did.經(jīng)典短語透視【短語 1】 think of【點撥】 think of 可意為"想起,想出"

6、;。如:The photo made me think of my child-hood.It was Tom who thought of the good plan.【拓展】think的其他常用短語：1. think highly / much of 重視 ,高度贊揚。如:All the teachers think highly of John because he is very smart and kind.2. think about 考慮。如:I was thinking about something else and missed your words.3. think ov

7、er 仔細考慮。如:Please think the plan over and let me know your decision tomorrow.【短語2】 in addition【點撥】in addition 意為 "另外,此外"。如:I write my own songs and I play the guitar in addition.You need money and time. In addition, you need diligence.【拓展】in addition to除之外（還看）,to為介詞，后接名詞或動詞-ing形式。如：His brot

8、her can speak three foreign languages in addition to English.beside曲意為"除之外（還有）"。如：The play was badly acted, besides being far too long.【短語3】 leave out【點撥】leave out意為"省去，刪去”。如：In Western countries, people usually leave out No. 13 as the number is thought unlucky.You can leave out the u

9、nnecessary words when writing down the notes.【拓展】1 . leave out還可意為"漏掉，遺漏"。如：Decide with you partner which words have been left out.2 .與leave相關(guān)的常用短語:leave behind遺留，留下It left behind a long train of problems and difficulties.leave over剩余，暫不解決We shall have to leave the question over till the n

10、ext meeting.leave alon刪管，不理會If I were you, I d leave this question alone.【短語4】 show off【點撥】show of意為"炫耀"。如：Those boys always show off their sports skills to the girls.His brother likes to show off his knowledge in public.【拓展】與show相關(guān)的常用短語：show sb. around®某人參觀The headmaster showed us ar

11、ound the school.show up出席，到場The party is about to begin, but Mr. Wang hasn t shown up.熱點語法聚焦didn' t need to do和needn t have done都有"過去不必做某事”的意思，但是 didn' t need to表示"過去沒有必要做某事，事實上也沒做"；needn t have doneS 示 "過去本來不必做某事,實際上卻做了"。如 :I didn t need to take a taxi from th-epoar

12、irt there was a bus all the way into the city. I needn t have booked in advance; there weretyploefntickets left.此外，要注意need的其它用法：need可作實義動詞，也可作情態(tài)動詞。1 .作實義動詞時，need有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后可以接名詞、代詞、動詞不定式 和動名詞等，否定式要在前面加 don't (doesn't, didn't),疑問句用do (does, did)提 問。如 :The company needs some good salesmen.H

13、is broken car needs to be repaired. = His broken car needs repairing.2 .作情態(tài)動詞時，need沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后接動詞原形，否定式為neednt,常用在否定句和疑問旬中。如：You needn t worry about him. He is very mature now. Need I stay another day Yes, you must.Module 2【詞條 1】 behave【點撥】behave用作不及物動詞，意為”(舉止或行為)表現(xiàn)”。如：She has been behaving very pol

14、itely.另外,behave還可意為”舉止得體；守規(guī)矩”，常和反身代詞連用。如:Can t you make your little child behave himself【拓展】well- / ill- / badly-behaved adj.表現(xiàn)得好的/不好的；behavior n.行為，舉止 如:He is thought to be a well-behaved child.She was ashamed of her chilrden s bad behavior.【詞條2】 appeal【點撥】appeal可用作名詞，意為”吸引力，感染力”。如：Films of this so

15、rt have lost their appeal for me.【拓展】1. appeal用作名詞時，還可意為"呼吁，請求"。如：His appeal for forgiveness went unanswered.An appeal is being made for help for those who lost their homes in the earthquake.2. appeal還可用作動詞，意為"引起興趣；呼吁，請求”，常跟介詞to連用。如：Does the idea of working abroad appeal to youThepoli

16、ceare appealing to the public for any information about this.【詞條3】 awake【點撥】awake 可用作形容詞,意為"醒著的"。如:I have lain awake all night thinking over the problem.注意 :awake 是表語形容詞,不能用于名詞前作定語。類似的形容詞還有asleep,alive, aware 等?！就卣埂縜wake （awoke, awoken）可作不及物動詞，意為"醒來"，這時與wake up意 義相近；awake也可作及物動詞，

17、意為"喚醒，叫醒；喚起（記憶）；激起（情感）”。如： I awake to the ringing of an electric bell every day.The thunder awoke me last night.His father tried to awake him to a sense of duty.Nothing can awake her interest in foot-ball.經(jīng)典短語透視【短語1】 ahead of【點撥】ahead of®為"在之前"。如：The time here is nine hours ahead

18、 of London. Ahead of us was a narrow and muddy road.【拓展】ahead。處可意為”勝過，優(yōu)于；（數(shù)量、彳格等）超過"。如：In management, our company is well ahead of theirs.Their pay offer was well ahead of inflation.【短語2】 holdout【點撥】hold out可意為"伸出，拿出”。如：When I arrived, Mary held out her hand in welcome.【拓展】hold out還可意為&quo

19、t;維持；堅持（抵抗）”。如：We were short of water but it could hold out for another day.They held out against the enemy for two days and nights.The town was surrounded, but the citizens held out until help at last came.【短語3】 putdown【點撥】put down 可意為"放下"。如:Put down that knife before you hurt somebody!【拓

20、展】1 . put down還可意為"寫下，記下；鎮(zhèn)壓；消滅"。如：Put down your notes at the bottom of the paper.The uprising was put down three days later.can t put sth. down 愛不釋手；不忍釋卷。如:It is an interesting story and he can t put it down until he has finished reading it.2 .與put相關(guān)的常用短語：put out出版；生產(chǎn)；使熄滅，撲滅；put up樹立；put o

21、ff 推遲；put aside把put forward 提出； put up with 容忍。如:Be sure to put out the light before you go to bed.The building will be put up in the centre of the campus.Don t put off till tomorrow what can be done today.He put aside his work to spend more time with his family.He put forward a very good suggestion

22、 at the meeting.I could hardly put up with the child any longer.熱點語法聚焦動詞的 -ing 形式作狀語可表示時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步、方式、伴隨或?qū)χ^語加以補充說明等。如 :While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 時間（）It rained for two weeks, completely ruining the crops. （結(jié)果）Turning to the right at the crossing, you will see the post of

23、fice right before you條件）Being busy and exhausted, he gave us a lot of help il（步）We Chinese eat our food using chopsticks.方式）Not knowing how to deal with the problem, the boy turned to his teacher. 原因（）Laughing and talking loudly, we left the party. （伴隨）【難點點撥】1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時,其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致, 它所表示的動作應(yīng)該是句中

24、主語所發(fā)出的動作,即現(xiàn)在分詞和句子主語之間構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系。如:Seeing from the top of the hill, we can get a full view of the country.（we與see之間是主動關(guān)系）2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，其前可加while, when, after, before, though, unles籌連詞,on, upon等介詞或 thus, completely等副詞。如:While doing the experiment, we discovered the new chemical.Take the medicine three times

25、 a day after having each meal.On hearing the news, she rushed out the room.My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.3. 有時用 "（with / without）+ 賓語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。如:I couldn t focus my attention with that noise going on.4. 當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不一致時,現(xiàn)在分詞必須有自己的主語。如:Weather permitting

26、, the sports meet will be held next Friday.Module 3【詞條1】 raise【點撥】 vt. 可意為 "招募,籌措（金錢）"。如:It voted to raise 100,000 troops immediately.He asked me to write a leaflet to raise money for Hope Schools.【拓展】raise還可意為”舉起；增加，提高；提出；M養(yǎng)，飼養(yǎng)；引起”。如：The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground.The b

27、oss has promised to raise their pay.He was so angry as to raise his voice.The question was raised at the meeting. I was raised by my aunt on a farm.The discussion raised our interest.【辨析】raise & rise兩者都可以表示"上升；增長”之意，不同的是raise是及物動 詞 ,rise 是不及物動詞。如:On Monday morning, we were watching the chil

28、dren raising the national flag and we saw it rising slowly in the wind.【詞條2】 regret【點撥】regret可用作動詞，意為"懊悔，惋惜；遺憾”，后接名詞、代詞、that從旬、不定式、動名詞等。如:I regret my refusal to his invitation. I regret that I can t attend the party.We regret to inform you that you failed again.We have deeply regretted selling

29、the farm.注意:其后接動詞-ing形式和動詞不定式時意思有區(qū)別。試體會：I regret to tell you that I have no news for you. （遺憾要做某事）I regret telling Tom the truth. （后悔做了某事）【拓展！ regret也可作名詞，意為"遺憾，后悔；歉意”。如：We decided with great regret that we couldn t offer you the position.feel no regret atM不感到遺憾much to one s regret使某人非常遺憾的是expr

30、ess one s regret atM表示遺憾【詞條3】 forgive【點撥】vt. &vi.意為"原諒，寬恕"，常用于結(jié)構(gòu)forgive sb. for sth. / doing sth.也可以接雙賓語。如:I will never forgive you for what you ve ever done to me.Eventually, she forgave him the bad behavior.【拓展】forgiveness n原諒，寬恕，饒恕forgiving adj.寬大的，仁慈的經(jīng)典短語透視【短語 1】 keep in touch （wit

31、h）【點撥】keep in touch （with sb.意為"（與某人）保持聯(lián)系"，也可寫作stay / be in touch（with sb.）。如：This is my card. Let s keep in touch.I ve kept in touch with most of my classmates in the middle school.【拓展】與touch相關(guān)的常見搭配還有:get in touch with"與取得聯(lián)系"；losetouch with / be out of touch with"與失去 / 沒有聯(lián)系

32、"。如：We have lost touch with John since we moved to Japan.Write to me as often as you can. I don t want to lose touch with you.【短語2】 knock over【點撥】knock over意為"撞倒，擊倒"。如：A drunken driver knocked over nine people, causing five deaths.【拓展】與knock相關(guān)的短語還有：knock down"打倒，推倒"；knock of

33、f"停止，中斷"；knock out"擊敗，擊倒”。如：He knocked Tom down with one blow of his fist.We knocked off work for tea.Our team was knocked out in the first part of the competition.【短語3】 make up【點撥】make up可意為"和好”。如：I found it hard to make up with Joan after we quarreled about the beautiful stamp.

34、【拓展】make up還有以下常用意思：You shouldn t believe him. He is making the whole thing up. (編造)Whoever attends the ball is supposed to make up化妝)You must make up the work you missed. 補上 ()熱點語法聚焦1 .非謂語動詞的完成式having done的用法非謂語動詞的完成式having done表示在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生的 動作。其否定式為 not having done 如：Having been criticized by

35、 the teacher, he gave up smoking.Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations.分詞的被動式表示它的邏輯主語是-ing 分詞動作的承受者。根據(jù)-ing 分詞動作發(fā)生的時間,-ing分詞的被動式有一般被動式(being done開口完成被動式(having been done) 如：He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter.The question being discussed is

36、 very important.2 .非謂語動詞的-ing形式和to do形式的區(qū)別有些動詞既能接不定式,又能接-ing 形式,含義有所不同。如:(1) forget, remember, regre俗詞后面接不定式表示不定式動作后于謂語動作，而后接 -ing 形式作賓語表示動名詞動作先于謂語動作。如:Do you remember seeing me before爾 t 己得以前見過我嗎Remember to lock the door when you leave.離開時要記得鎖門。(2)動詞mean, stop, try, go oin動詞后面接動名詞和接不定式作賓語，意思也有所不同。如

37、:I mean to change it for another one.我想換成另外個。Missing the train means waiting for another hour.誤了這班車就意味著再等一個小時。(3) 動 詞 allow, advise, forbid, permit 等 可 直 接 跟-ing 形式作賓語,不可以接動詞不定式作賓語,但可接不定式作賓語補足語。如:Please permit me to say a few words#允許我說幾句話。We don t permit smoking here. 我們這兒不允許吸煙。(4)動詞need, require,

38、want作"需要"解時，后面接-ing分詞或不定式被動式。 如:These little children require looking after carefully / to be looked after carefully.這些小孩需要細心地照料。(5)動詞like, hate, prefer等后面，如表示一般性動作，多用-ing形式；如指特定 的具體的某次動作,多用不定式。如:I like swimming, but I don t like to swim with you.我喜歡游泳,但我不喜歡和你一起游泳。Module 4【詞條 1】 combine【點撥

39、】combine vi. / vt.聯(lián)合,結(jié)合,合并。常用作結(jié)構(gòu)combine . with"把與結(jié)合”。如：The two countries combined against their common enemy.He combined his scientific knowledge with his friend bussiness skill and started a company.His efforts, combined with his determination, helped him achieve great success.【拓展】combination

40、n. 聯(lián)合,合作, 結(jié)合 combined adj. 組合的 ,結(jié)合的【詞條2】 relax【點撥】relax vi. / vt. 放松,使輕松。如:The doctor told him to relax a week or so before going back to work.This equipment will help relax your muscles.【拓展】relax還可意臼”放寬；使松弛"。如：They relaxed the regulations after the reform.relaxed adj. 放松的,鎮(zhèn)定的relaxing adj. 令人放松

41、的She had a very relaxed manner.It s really a relaxing walk.【詞條3】 present【點撥】present可用作動詞，意為”贈送；頒發(fā)（獎品等）；提出”。如：When Mr. Smith left our company; our manager presented him with a golden watch.The winner was presented with the prize by the chairman.【拓展】1 .present作名詞,可意為”禮物，贈品；現(xiàn)在，目前"。如：I don t want a

42、ll these books; I ll make you a present of them.She is busy at present, and she can t speak to you.Let s leave things as they are for the present.2 . present作形容詞，意為”出席的，在場的；目前的，現(xiàn)在的”。如：It s unfair to discuss his case if he isn t present.The present situation seems to be in their favor.經(jīng)典短語透視【短語 1】 in

43、 addition to【點撥】in addition to意為"除之外（還有）"，其中to為介詞，所以后面要跟名詞、代詞和動名詞等。如:In addition to giving a general introduction to computers, the course also pro-vides practical experience.【拓展】1. besides作介詞時，和其意思和用法相同。如：We have lots of things in common besides dance.2. in addition 相當(dāng)于副詞,可譯為"另外,加之&q

44、uot;。如 :You need money and time; in addition, you need intelligence.【短語2】 draw upon / on【點撥】draw upon / on意為”憑借，利用”。如：Rereadyourprevious essays for ideas and information, which you may want to draw upon.A writer has to draw upon his imagination and experience.【拓展】draw on / upon還可意為"臨近,（時光）漸漸過去”

45、。如：Winter is drawing on.It grew colder as night drew on.【短語3】 be true of【點撥】be true of 意為"（某種情況）適用于,適宜于"。如:This principle is true of everybody.The food is good and the same is true of the service.【拓展】根據(jù)下列例句體會與true相關(guān)短語的意義：The picture is true to life. （逼真）He is always true to his promise. 信守

46、（）My father said I should be a lawyer and it has come true.實現(xiàn)）熱點語法聚焦一、現(xiàn)在完成進行時由"has / have been +動詞-ing"構(gòu)成，其主要用法有：1. 表示動作從過去開始一直持續(xù)到說話時,并且還有可能繼續(xù)下去。這一用法常和表示一段時間的狀語,如 :For three years, all this time, all one s life, all the morning, these few weeks.以及由for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。如:He s been watching te

47、levision all day.I have been teaching in the middle school for ten years.2. 表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到說話時刻的動作,在說話時刻這個動作剛剛結(jié)束。如:I have just been saying goodbye to my friend.3. 表示一直到說話時為止的一段時間內(nèi)反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。如Have you been meeting him lately二、與現(xiàn)在完成時的比較:1 .從定義上來看，現(xiàn)在完成時（have done）表示的是已經(jīng)完成的動作或者狀態(tài)， 常常與already"已經(jīng)"

48、或eveL曾經(jīng)"連用。如：We have already learnt Unit2. （我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了第二單元。）She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.她是我見過的最漂亮的女孩。）而現(xiàn)在完成進行時則表示的是從過去某一時刻開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且有可能還要進行下去的動作，具有未完成的特點，一般不與already或ever等連用。如:We have been learning Unit 2.我們一直在學(xué)習(xí)第二單元。（沒學(xué)完）2. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示次性,現(xiàn)在完成進行時可以表示動作的重復(fù),請看以下句子:I have met him at

49、 the library. （我在圖書館見過他。）I have been meeting him at the library. 我經(jīng)常在圖書館看見她。（）3. 現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時都可以表示剛剛結(jié)束的動作,但在含上有區(qū)別。 現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)的是動作的結(jié)果,而現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)的則是動作的過程。如:We are very tired. Wes ve been cleaning the house.我們彳艮累，我們直在打掃房子。（強調(diào)動作）We' ve cleaned the house. You may come in no瞰們打掃過房子了 ，你可以進來了。（強調(diào)結(jié)果"房

50、子干凈"）4. 現(xiàn)在完成時通常只陳述事實,而現(xiàn)在完成進行時還可表示一種感情色彩。如:Ihave waited for two hours.我等了兩個小時。（陳述事實）I have been waiting for two hours我等了兩個小時。（等得好辛苦）5. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時通常用來談?wù)撦^短暫的動作或情況；若要談?wù)摃r間延續(xù)較長的動作或情況或永久性情況,則通常用現(xiàn)在完成時。如:He has lived in Paris他（一直）住在巴黎。He has been living in Paris他（目前）住在巴黎。（表暫時性）6. 不用于進行時態(tài)的動詞通常也不用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時,但它

51、們可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時。如:I' ve only known her for two days.我認識她剛剛兩天。They' ve been married for twenty yearsffc 們結(jié)女昏已二十年了。The war has lasted for a long time.這場戰(zhàn)爭已經(jīng)持續(xù)了很長時間。7. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時不用于被動語態(tài),若要用可用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)代替。如 :The house has been painted for a month®房子已漆了一個月。The problem has been studied for five daysi

52、 個問題已研究了 五天。Module 5【詞條1】 refuse【點撥】refuse為動詞，意為“拒絕"。常用于結(jié)構(gòu)： refuse to do sth. refuse + n. / pron. refuse sb. sth。.如:What annoyed us was that Mary refused to talk about this matter.He refused his friend s invitation to go on an adventure.t refuse her anything.She is so enthusiastic that you can

53、【拓展】1. 辨析refuse reject decline這幾個詞都可作"拒絕"解。其區(qū)別在于:refuse 是表示"拒絕"這一概念的最普通的用詞,可接不定式,表示拒絕做某事,也可接名詞,表示不接受；reject 語氣比refuse 強 ,表示斷然拒絕。如果不同意一種意見或信仰,通常用reject； decline 比較正式,表示禮貌、客氣地"婉拒",當(dāng)表示對于對方的邀請、請求、提議等表示"不接受 "時 ,可以用decline 來緩和語氣。如:I refused to take part in anything

54、that is illegal.The army doctors rejected several recruits as unfit.I invited her to join us, but she declined.2. refusal為refuse的名詞形式，意為"拒絕，拒不"。如：Your refusal of such a good offer was very foolish.【詞條2】 arise【點撥】arise為不及物動詞，意為"產(chǎn)生；出現(xiàn)"。常用搭配：arise out of / from sth."由引起"。如

55、：We didn t know how theuaqrrel arose.Disagreements have arisen from the new program.【拓展】1 . arise還可意為"站起來，起立"。如：He arose, telling me that he would wait for me outside the office.2 .注意幾個與arise意義相近的詞：(1) rise 是不及物動詞,意為"上升；升起；增加；提高"。也可意為"起床"和 "站起身"，這時可與arise換用。如：

56、Our hopes rose and fell in the same instant.The chairman rose from his chair and came forward to present the award.We arose from the chairs when the guest entered the room.(2) raise 是 及 物 動 詞 , 意 為 " 舉 起 ；使起來；提高；提出"。如:He raised his hand to ask the speaker questions.My salary was raised to

57、8,000 yuana month.arouse也是及物動詞，意為"喚醒；激起；引起"。如：I was suddenly aroused by the thunder.Great enthusiasm was aroused by the speech.【詞條3】 accompany【點撥】accompany 動詞,可意為"陪伴"。如 :Will you accompany me in drinking a glass of wine【拓展】accompany還可意為"伴隨發(fā)生；伴奏”。如：Lightning usually accompani

58、es with thunder.The pianist accompanied her singing.經(jīng)典短語透視【短語 1】 treat . as .【點撥】treatas意為"把當(dāng)成 "。如：People here all treat me as an expert on farming.【拓展】下面的詞組都可以表示"把當(dāng)成”。如：All the patients regard him as a considerate nurse.She thinks of the monitor as the cleverest student in the class.They look on others difficulties as their own.This sculpture is considered as a symbol of this city.【短語2】