考研英語一閱讀理解Text 4真題及答案解析

1、Text 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile

2、from a company seeking access to government.The high courts decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnells trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governors decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver ga

3、in access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, s

4、uch as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act”.The courts ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucrat

5、ic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.” The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,” assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens a

6、nd their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrit

7、y requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leaders source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials mus

8、t avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic societythat all are equal in treatment by governmentis undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual

9、.The courts ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism. 36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court _.A avoided defining the extent of McDonnells duties.B made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.C was contemptuous of M

10、cDonnells conduct.D refused to comment on McDonnells ethics.【答案】C【解析】答案為C。根據(jù)第一段的劃線句子聯(lián)系文章第一句話：雖然最高法院沒有判定Robert McDonnell受賄罪，但是在道德上卻對(duì)他的行為嗤之以鼻。由此可以鎖定選項(xiàng)C中的 was contemptuous of，也就是說法院其實(shí)非常輕視Robert McDonnell的行為。 37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involve

11、s _.A leaking secrets intentionally.B sizable gains in the form of gifts.C concrete returns for gift-givers.D breaking contracts officially.【答案】B【解析】答案為B。從第四段可以知道，對(duì)腐敗的定義是:只有受賄者給予了行賄者實(shí)際的好處，例如 a contract or regulation, 如果提供的不是具體的好處，僅僅只是：arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an

12、 event, 那么這種行為就不是受賄。由此可以得出答案為B。 38. The courts ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are _.A justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.B qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.C allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.D exempt

13、from conviction on the charge of favoritism.【答案】C【解析】答案為C。從第五段可以知道，法院的裁定是建立聽取其選民的意見，按照他們的利益行事。所以原文中的constituents對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)C的supporters，支持者。所以答案選擇C。  39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to _.A awaken the conscience of officials.B guarantee fair play in official access.C allow for certain kinds of lobbying.D inspire hopes in average people.【答案】B【解析】答案為B。根據(jù)第六段第一句話：執(zhí)法力度需要加強(qiáng)市民及其當(dāng)選代表，而不是法院獲得接近政府的平等的機(jī)會(huì)。equality與選項(xiàng)B的fair play相對(duì)應(yīng)，因此選B。 40. The authors attitude toward the courts ruling is _.A sarcastic.B t