grammar---非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解及其練習(xí)習(xí)題

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（一）動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞，過(guò)去分詞)和動(dòng)名詞統(tǒng)稱為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?，F(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)將現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞合為一大類叫作v + ing形式。這些動(dòng)詞的形式不能在句中單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)用，因而沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法主語(yǔ)。但可以有邏輯主語(yǔ)。由于沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法主語(yǔ)，也就不受人稱和數(shù)的限定，因?yàn)椴皇侵^語(yǔ)，也就沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，但這些詞仍能表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)，所以仍有表示與其他動(dòng)詞相對(duì)時(shí)間關(guān)系的形式。由于與其它詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，因此也有表示主、被動(dòng)的形式，同時(shí)也有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，一起構(gòu)成非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，分詞短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中占有特殊且重要的位置。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式多樣，應(yīng)用廣泛，且在

2、句中起著很活躍的作用，也是語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目中的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，學(xué)好非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，才能正確進(jìn)行口語(yǔ)和書(shū)面的交流。動(dòng)詞不定式、過(guò)去分詞及v-ing形式在句中均不能作謂語(yǔ)用，所以叫做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。（一）動(dòng)詞不定式：動(dòng)詞不定式由“to+ 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，如：to study, to play，動(dòng)詞不定式雖然不能作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用，但仍留著動(dòng)詞的特征，它可以帶有所需要的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)而構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。1、動(dòng)詞不定式的形式變化：動(dòng)詞不定式有下列時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式變化。語(yǔ)態(tài)式一般式完成式進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式主 動(dòng)to buildto have builtto

3、be buildingto have been building 被 動(dòng)to be buildto have been build2、動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法：動(dòng)詞不定式能起名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用，可在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)用，如：（1）作主語(yǔ)：To help each other is good.（動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other.（2）作表語(yǔ)：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 動(dòng)詞不定式在系動(dòng)

4、詞be之后作表語(yǔ)，與表示將來(lái)時(shí)的be + 動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)有所區(qū)別，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants children.我們的計(jì)劃是給農(nóng)民子弟再成立一所中學(xué)。（句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為is，動(dòng)詞不定式to set up 為表語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)為plan，但plan并不是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)詞不定式 to set up所表示的動(dòng)作不是主語(yǔ)plan產(chǎn)生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants children.我們將為農(nóng)民的子弟再成立一所中學(xué)。（

5、句中的are to set up整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)為句中謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)為we，同時(shí)也是動(dòng)詞不定式to set up所表示的動(dòng)作的邏輯主語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)詞不定式to set up所表示的動(dòng)作是由we產(chǎn)生的）。（3）作賓語(yǔ)：作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，如：She wishes to be a musician.；作某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ)：可以有動(dòng)詞不定式為賓語(yǔ)的形容詞一般有g(shù)lad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；動(dòng)詞不定式一般不作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，

6、但動(dòng)詞不定式之前如有疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)，就可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next （4）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式須將to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street.（5）動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作賓語(yǔ)，如帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，須先用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將該動(dòng)詞不定式后置，如：I don

7、t think it right to do it that way. （6）作定語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，須位于被其修飾的名詞或代詞之后，如：Is this the best way to help him 和定語(yǔ)用的動(dòng)詞不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，不定式后面就要用必要的介詞，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修飾的名詞為place, time, way，不定式后面的介詞，習(xí)慣上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.（7）作狀語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞不定式可以作下列的狀語(yǔ)：目的狀語(yǔ)： Every mor

8、ning he gets up very early to read English. 為了強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或?yàn)榱耍珣?yīng)注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 將表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可強(qiáng)調(diào)目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：

9、They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他們活到親眼見(jiàn)到了他們家鄉(xiāng)的解放。too + 形容詞或副詞 + 動(dòng)詞不定式，表示“足能”的結(jié)果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now.3、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式：由for + 名詞（或代詞賓格）+ 動(dòng)詞不定式即構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞不定式。其中for本身無(wú)意義。for后面的名詞或代詞是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這種不定式在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，如：It is very important for us to get everythin

10、g ready for the harvest. 當(dāng)作表語(yǔ)用的形容詞表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征時(shí)，就用介詞of而不用for引出不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這些形容詞一般有g(shù)ood, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：It is very kind of you to help him every day.4、疑問(wèn)詞 + 動(dòng)詞不定式：疑問(wèn)代詞和疑問(wèn)副詞后可加動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，如：How to prevent them from swimming

11、 in this river is a problem.5、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式：動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式是由not + 動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成，如：Its wrong of you not to attend the meeting.6、動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)形式所表示的時(shí)間關(guān)系：（1）一般式：動(dòng)詞不定式一般式所表示的動(dòng)作是和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，但在多數(shù)情況下，是在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play table tennis.（同時(shí)）；（2）完成式：動(dòng)詞不定式完

12、成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，如：I am sorryto have kept you waiting.（3）進(jìn)行式：動(dòng)詞不定式進(jìn)行式所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中，而且與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.7、動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法：如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)為這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般就用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，如：What is to be done next hasnt been decided yet.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（二）動(dòng)詞-ing形式（二）-i

13、ng形式：動(dòng)詞的-ing形式也是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。-ing形式仍保留有動(dòng)詞的特征，可以帶有其所需要的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)而構(gòu)成-ing短語(yǔ)。1、-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物動(dòng)詞的-ing還有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而不及物動(dòng)詞的-ing則沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在以及物動(dòng)詞make 和不及物動(dòng)詞go為例，將其-ing各種形式列表如下：動(dòng)詞 語(yǔ)態(tài)形式及物動(dòng)詞make不及物動(dòng)詞go主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式makingbeing madegoing完成式having madehaving been madehaving gone2、-ing形式的基本用法。（1）作主語(yǔ)：Seeing is belie

14、ving.百聞不如一見(jiàn)。Talking is easier than doing. ing作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果其結(jié)構(gòu)較長(zhǎng)，可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將作主語(yǔ)的-ing后置。如：It isnt much good writing to them again. Its no use waiting here.（2）作表語(yǔ)：Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.（3）作賓語(yǔ)：作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。She likes drawing very much.；作某些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。 Mary is thinking of going

15、back to New York.； do+限定詞（my, some, any, the等）+ -ing，表示“做事”之意，如：We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)：Her sister is good at learning physics.；作形容詞worth, busy等的賓語(yǔ)：This book is well worth reading. ing作賓語(yǔ)帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用it作為形式賓語(yǔ)，而將作賓語(yǔ)的-ing

16、后置，如：We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again（4）作定語(yǔ)：The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate 注：-ing形式作定語(yǔ)用時(shí)，如果-ing只是一個(gè)單詞，就位于其修飾的名詞之前，如果是-ing短語(yǔ)，就位于其修飾的名詞之后，-ing作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，被-ing所修飾的名詞就是該-ing的邏輯主語(yǔ)。另外，-ing作定語(yǔ)用時(shí)，其動(dòng)作和句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)進(jìn)

17、行的，如果不是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的，就不能用-ing作定語(yǔ)，要使用定語(yǔ)從句，如：The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well.（5）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 注：當(dāng)-ing在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用時(shí)，句中賓語(yǔ)就是這個(gè)-ing的邏輯主語(yǔ)，可以帶有這種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。（6）作狀語(yǔ)：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Seeing Tom, I couldn

18、t help thinking of his brother. 分詞在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其前一般可加when或while，如：When crossing street, you must be careful. 原因狀語(yǔ)：Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. 方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty. 3、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing完成式的基本用法。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，一般在句中作時(shí)間或原因狀語(yǔ)用。句中的主語(yǔ)是它的邏輯主語(yǔ)，并且是它所表

19、示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，如：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.4、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing一般式的基本用法。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing一般式所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行中的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，而且這個(gè)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作也是和句中謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的。它一般在句中作定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)用。如：The truck being repaired there is ours.5、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing完成式的基本用法。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，在句中一般作狀語(yǔ)用。如：Having been shown the lab, w

20、e were taken to see the library.6、-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。在-ing前加物主代詞或名詞所有格即構(gòu)成-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其中的物主代詞或名詞所有格為-ing的邏輯主語(yǔ)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，如：Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 但在口語(yǔ)中，這種結(jié)構(gòu)如作賓語(yǔ)用，其中的物主代詞常用人稱代詞的賓格，名詞的所有格常用名詞的普通格代替，如：She insisted on Peters (or Peter)going there first.7、-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定

21、式在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，表示一個(gè)比較抽象或泛指的動(dòng)作時(shí)多用-ing形式。表示一個(gè)具體某一次的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用動(dòng)詞不定式，如：Our job is making steel. She likes playing the piano, but she doesn't want to play it today.8、-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。-ing形式作定語(yǔ)用時(shí)，其動(dòng)作一般與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，而動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后。如：The girl writing a letter there can sp

22、eak English very well./I have three letters to write.9、-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別。（1）不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后，如：I have told them to come again tomorrow.（2）在see, watch, hear, feel等之后，如果用-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)，表示其動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中，而用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)動(dòng)作的過(guò)程，如：I hear her singing in the room.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她正在屋里唱歌。 I hear her sing

23、 in the room.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在屋里唱過(guò)歌。10、-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。-ing形式在句作狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間、原因、方式或伴隨情況，而動(dòng)詞不定式一般式在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般是作目的或結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，如：Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I looked into the window to see what was going on inside.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（三）過(guò)去分詞（三）過(guò)去分詞：1、過(guò)去分詞的基本用法：過(guò)去分詞只有一種形式，也沒(méi)有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，它所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)被動(dòng)的或是已完成的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去分詞在句中也可用作定語(yǔ)、

24、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等成分。過(guò)去分詞在句中作某種成分時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般為該分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，如：（1）作定語(yǔ)：過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果這個(gè)分詞是一個(gè)單詞，就位于其修飾的名詞之前，如果是分詞短語(yǔ)，就位于其修飾的名詞之后。被過(guò)去分詞所修飾的名詞，就是該分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，如：The stolen car was found by the police last week.（2）作表語(yǔ)：過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示其邏輯主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句中的主語(yǔ)，如：The glass is broken.這個(gè)玻璃杯是破的。 注：過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，和動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)相似，但兩者表達(dá)的意義不同，如：The g

25、lass was broken by my little brother.這個(gè)玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞在許多詞典中已列為形容詞，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, complete

26、d, covered等。（3）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，句中的賓語(yǔ)就是其邏輯主語(yǔ)，如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注：動(dòng)詞have后的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)如為過(guò)去分詞，常表示該分詞所表示的動(dòng)作是由別人來(lái)執(zhí)行的而不是句中主語(yǔ)自己來(lái)執(zhí)行的，如：I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我（找別人）把我的自行車給修了。（4）作狀語(yǔ)：過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般都是主句的主語(yǔ)，是過(guò)去分詞所表示意義的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。為了使作狀語(yǔ)

27、的過(guò)去分詞意義更加明確，常在分詞前加when, if, while, though, as等連詞，如：Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.（we是該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)，是give的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。）獨(dú)立主格：上述-ing和過(guò)去分詞的用法中，-ing和過(guò)去分詞在句中均有邏輯主語(yǔ)，但有時(shí)它們也能有自己的獨(dú)立的主語(yǔ)，這種獨(dú)立的主語(yǔ)，一般為名詞或代詞，位于其前之前，和-ing

28、或過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格。獨(dú)立主格在句中一般只作狀語(yǔ)用，而-ing和過(guò)去分詞作用的形式，則要根據(jù)它們所表示的動(dòng)作和句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的時(shí)間關(guān)系而定。至于獨(dú)立主格中是使用-ing或是過(guò)去分詞，則要根據(jù)它們的主語(yǔ)和其所表示的動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)被動(dòng)關(guān)系而定，如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. 注：The work having been finished, she sat down to have a rest. 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的being或having been?？墒∪?，如：The meeting (being) over, all left the room

29、. 作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)?？捎脀ith短語(yǔ)來(lái)代替，如：She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks./ She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.2、-ing形式與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：（1）語(yǔ)態(tài)不同：-ing形式表示主動(dòng)概念，及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)概念。an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演說(shuō)；the inspired audience受鼓舞的聽(tīng)眾。（2）時(shí)間關(guān)系不同：現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一般是正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作，而過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作，往往是已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，如

30、：The changing world正在發(fā)生的世界；the changed world已經(jīng)起了變化的世界。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專練100題1. The great hall was crowded with many people, _ many children _on their parents lap   A. including; seated   B. including; seating     C. included; sat    D. included; sitting2.

31、Its said that the Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did. A. holding     B. to be held          C. held      D. to be holding3. _ for a long time, most of the crop

32、s in this area died from lacking water.   A. Being no rain    B. There was no rain   C. To be no rain    D. There being no rain4. Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, _ him a millionaire overnight. A. making  

33、60;         B. makes          C. to make           D. made5. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _

34、. A. to escape burning   B. to escape being burned   C. escaping burned   D. escaping from burning6. Taking this medicine, if _, will of course do good to his health.   A. continued    B. to continue       C. contin

35、ues     D. continuing7. The little boy still needs the _ 20 dollars to do with some things _.   A. remaining; remained to be settled   B. remaining; remaining to be settled   C. remained; remained to settle   D. remained; remaining to settl

36、e8. _ his age, the little boy read quite well.   A. Considering       B. Considered       C. Consider         D. Having considered9. _ from the appearance, it is very peaceful; but in fact,

37、a war will break out soon.   A. Judged     B. Judging        C. Having judged   D. To judge10. Tom enjoys _ basketball on Sunday afternoons, doesnt he    Yes, he does. But what his sister enjoys _.  &

38、#160; A. to play; dancing   B. playing; to dance    C. to play; to dance     D. playing; is to dance11. His letter, _ to the wrong number, reached me late.A. having been addressed             B.

39、to have addressedC. to have been addressed       D. being addressed12. The Space Shuttle Columbia broke into pieces over Texas as it returned to the earth on February 1, 2003,_ all seven astronauts aboard.    A. having killed    B. kil

40、ling     C. being killed    D. killed13. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city.    A. needs repairing   B. needing repaired    C. needed repairing   D. needing to be repaired14. What caused the party to

41、 be put off _ the invitations.A. Tom delayed sending B. Toms delaying sending  C. Tom delaying to send D. Tom delayed to send15. I was afraid _ to my customers because I was afraid _ them.A. of talking back; to lose    B. of talking back; of losing    C. to ta

42、lk back; to lose     D. to talk back; of losing16. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _ the flowing of the smog around me. A. enjoy             B. enjoying      

43、60;   C. enjoyed       D. to enjoy17. Is Tom a good talker    No, he never speaks to me other than _ something    A. ask for        B. to ask for       C. asked for&

44、#160;    D. asking for18. I cant get my car _ on cold mornings, so I have to try _ the radiator with some hot water. A. run; to fill    B. running; filling    C. running; to fill   D. ran; filling19. The drunken husband knocked against the table

45、 and sent the bowls _ in all directions before he was sent _ by his wife.    A. flying; to sleep   B. flying; sleeping     C. to fly; to sleeping   D. to fly; to sleep20. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _ but the door _. 

46、;   A. being on; shut   B. burning; shutting    C. burning; shut    D. on; shutting21. We found the students seated at tables and had their eyes _ on the scene of the launch of Shenzhou V spaceship. A. fixed       &

47、#160;  B. fix          C. fixing          D. to fix22. A doctor can expect _ at any hour of the day or night.    A. calling     B. to call     &#

48、160; C. being called    D. to be called23. The boy often gives a satisfactory answer to the teachers question, _ just a minute. So hes usually the teachers pet.    A. thought     B. having thought      C. and to think &#

49、160;     D. thinking24. The policeman came up to the lonely house with the door _, _ there for a while and then entered it.    A. open; to stand   B. opening; stood    C. open; stood    D. opened; standing25. _ along the quie

50、t road at forty miles an hour, and then an old man suddenly started to cross the road in front of me.    A. Driving         B. I was driving      C. Having driven     D. When I was driving26. Mr. Smit

51、h was much surprised to find the watch he had had _ was nowhere to be seen.    A. repairing    B. it repaired           C. repaired     D. to be repaired27. What did the librarian _ out of the library

52、    A. permit to take   B. forbid to be taken      C. allow to take    D. insist being taken28. Mum, why do you give me so much popcorn    _ the boring time.    A. Kill      &

53、#160;   B. Killing        C. To kill       D. Having killed29. What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was _ the joy with all the Chinese. A. share     B. shared   

54、0;   C. having shared     D. about to share30. When she was alone at home, Mary needed a friend _.    A. playing with    B. having played with   C. with whom to play with D. with whom to play31. _ the big snake, the little gi

55、rl stood under the tree _ out of life.    A. Seeing; frightened B. Seeing; frightening    C. Seen; frightened   D. To see; frightening32. The competitor never dreamed of _ for him to win the first prize in the 100-meter race.    A. there was a c

56、hance B. there being a chance   C. it being a chance   D. it was a chance33. _ everything to go wrong in advance, and you wont feel quite so bad when it does.    A. Having expected   B. Expect      C. To expect    D

57、. Expecting34. You _ part in the party on time.    Sorry, I was delayed by the accident.    A. are to take    B. have supposed to take   C. were to have taken D. supposed to take35. _ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesnt

58、 seem high at all.    A. When compared   B. To compare      C. While comparing   D. It compared36. _ in her best suit, the girl tried to make herself _ at the party.    A. Dressed; noticed   B. Dressing; noticing

59、60;  C. Dressed; noticing   D. Dressing; noticed37. The matter _ your study surely requires _ carefully.    A. relating to; dealing with    B. related to; dealt with    C. related to; being dealt with    D. relating to; havin

60、g dealt with38. _ made her parents worried a lot.A. Her not to come back B. Not her to come back  C. Her not coming back D. Not her coming back39. Everything _ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions. A. to take      &

61、#160;  B. taken         C. to be taken        D. taking40. He moved away from his parents and missed them _ enjoy the exciting life in New York.    A. much so as to   B. very much to  &

62、#160; C. too much to    D. enough to41. What do you think of the plan    Its easier said than _.    A. carried out    B. carrying out    C. carry out    D. to carry out42. Many businessmen attended the Boao For

63、um (博鰲論壇)because they knew what _ from the forum. A. to get          B. to be got          C. got          D. getting43. There was a famous person at the party whom

64、everyone would like _ to themselves.    A. to introduce    B. to be introduced     C. introducing    D. being introduced44. Were you at home last Sunday    Yeah! I devoted the whole day to _ the English grammar. 

65、60;  A. review         B. reviewing        C. be reviewed       D. being reviewed45. Once _ at the shop, you will be dismissed immediately.    A. caught stealing   B

66、. caught to steal    C. catching stealing   D. to catch to steal46. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.    A. are bought    B. bought         C. been bought 

67、0;  D. buying47. _, John returned to school from his hometown.    A. The summer vacation being over    B. The summer vacation is over    C. Because the summer vacation over    D. After the summer vacation being over48. _ she cant come,

68、 who will do the work    A. Supposed       B. Supposing        C. Having supposed         D. Being supposed49. Is there anything you want from town    No, thank you.

69、 But I would like to get _.    A. those letters mailed B. mailed letters   C. to mail those letters D. those letters mail50. After the guests left, she spent as much time as she could _ the rooms.    A. tidy up         B

70、. to clear away          C. clear away           D. tidying up51. _ it or not, his discovery has shocked everyone in scientific circles.    A. Believe        &#

71、160;       B. To believe         C. Believing            D. Believed52. To tell you the truth, Id rather read than watch television; the programs seem _ all the time    A. to

72、get worse            B. to be getting worse    C. to have got worse        D. getting worse53. After the Arab states won independence, great em phasis was laid on education, with girls as well as boys _ to go to school.    A. to be encouraged