祈使句講解和練習(xí)

1、祈使句一.祈使句的句式特征祈使句常常是表達說話人對對方的勸告、叮囑、請求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般沒有主語，但根據(jù)其句意，實際上是省略了主語you。祈使句句末用感嘆號或句號，朗讀時，常用降調(diào)。在表達請求或勸告時，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的語氣更加緩和或客氣。祈使句一般沒有時態(tài)的變化，也不能與情態(tài)動詞連用。例如：Keep off the grass!勿踩草地！ Put the boxes in the small room.把那些盒子放到那個小房間里。二.祈使句的肯定句式祈使句的肯定句式一般分為以下三種類型：1.行為動詞原形其它成分。例如：Make sentences af

2、ter the model.根據(jù)例句造句。 Have a good time. 愿你玩得痛快。小試牛刀： this way, please. 請這邊走。 home at once. 馬上回家去。2. Be動詞其它成分(形容詞、名詞或介詞短語等)。例如：Be careful when crossing the street.過馬路時要小心。小試牛刀： . The baby is sleeping.安靜，寶寶正在睡覺。3. Let賓語動詞原形其它成分。例如：Let him go back now.讓他現(xiàn)在回去吧。 Let me have a rest. 讓我休息一會兒吧。 Let us help

3、you. 讓我們幫助你吧。小試牛刀：Let there together. 我們一起去吧。 Let the work. 讓他來做這工作。三.祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式，通常情況下在句首加上Dont或Never，一般分為以下四種類型：1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Dont，構(gòu)成Dont行為動詞原形其它成分。例如：Dont say that again!別再那樣說了！2.在Be動詞引起的肯定祈使句前加Dont，構(gòu)成Dont be其它成分(形容詞、名詞或介詞短語等)。注意：在這種句型中be不能省略；否定副詞not不可置于be之后。例如：Dont be careless.不要粗心。3. Let引起的

4、祈使句的否定形式有兩種：(1)Let開頭的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人稱名詞或代詞的賓格，可在Let前加Dont，也可在Let后賓格的名詞或代詞后面加not。(2)如果以Lets開頭的祈使句，必須在Lets后加not。例如:Dont let me go with her tomorrow.Let me not go with her tomorrow.不要讓我明天跟她一起去。 Lets not tell her the truth whenever we meet her.無論什么時候我們碰到她，都不要告訴她真相。 4.在公共場合的提示語中，否定祈使句常用No名詞/V-ing形式結(jié)構(gòu)，表示禁

5、止做某事。例如：NO Photos!禁止拍照！ No Entry禁止入內(nèi)! No Passing禁止通行! No Smoking禁止吸煙!小試牛刀：改為否定句Please cut me a piece of cake. Wait a minute, please. Be quite. Lets hurry. 四.祈使句的反意問句祈使句的反意疑問句須按其句子結(jié)構(gòu)及講話人的語氣來決定其疑問部分。通常有以下三種形式：1. 祈使句為肯定句式，其反意疑問句表示請求時，通常用will you；表示邀請、勸說時，用won t you。例如：Be sure to write to us, will you?你

6、一定要給我們寫信，好嗎？ Come to have dinner with us this evening, wont you?今晚來和我們一起吃飯，好嗎？2.祈使句為否定句式，其反意疑問句通常只用will you。例如：Dont smoke in the meeting room, will you?不要在會議室抽煙，好嗎？3. Let開頭的祈使句構(gòu)成反意疑問句時，除Lets用shall we外，其它均用will you。例如:Let the boy go first, will you?讓個那男孩先走，好嗎？Lets take a walk after supper, shall we?晚

7、飯后我們?nèi)ド⒉?，好嗎？小試牛刀：Turn on the TV, ? 把電視打開，好嗎? Tell me the truth, ? 告訴我實話，好嗎? Let me know, ? 告訴我，好嗎? Lets go swimming together, ? 我們一起去游泳好嗎?五.祈使句的應(yīng)答句祈使句的動作是未發(fā)生的動作,常用I will.來回答其肯定式,表示愿意接受請求或命令,用I won't.來回答其否定式。另外,常用All right. / OK. / Yes, let's. / A good idea.等來回答Let's.句式,表示接受建議;用You may. /

8、You can.等來回答Let us.句式,表示允許或同意。原題再現(xiàn) 答案: C B -Let's go swimming, shall we? - _. A. It's my pleasure B. It doesn't matter C. Yes, let's go D. I agree with you -Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. - _. A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't六.祈使句

9、與陳述句的并列使用祈使句后接陳述句時，須用連接詞連接。如果祈使句與陳述句表示的是一種順承關(guān)系時，要用并列連詞and來連接；如果祈使句與陳述句存在一種否定條件關(guān)系時，要用并列連詞or來連接?？疾?quot;祈使句(或名詞詞組)+ and(或or)+ 簡單句"這一固定句型。例如：Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.把它留給我吧，我想想有沒有辦法。 Hurry up, or well be late.快點，否則我們要遲到了。原題再現(xiàn) 答案: A A -English has a large vocabulary, hasn't

10、 it?-Yes. _more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate. A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known Let's keep to the point or we _ any decisions.A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached七.祈使句與條件狀語從句的連用祈使句與條件狀語從句連用時，條件狀語從句可置于祈使句前或后。例如

11、：Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow. 如果他明天來這兒的話，叫他給我來個電話。八.祈使句的強調(diào)形式祈使句的強調(diào)形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助動詞Do(Do在句中無意義)。例如:Do shut up!快住口！ Do be careful. 務(wù)請小心。 Do come on time. 務(wù)必請準(zhǔn)時來。九.特殊形式的祈使句在英語中，有些祈使句不是以動詞原形來引起一個祈使句，而是以一個名詞短語來充當(dāng)，且后接一個帶有并列連接詞的分句。實際上，這個充當(dāng)祈使句的名詞短語相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句。例如：More water

12、 and the young trees couldnt have died. 如果你給那小樹多澆點水，他們就不會死了。 If you had given them more water, the young trees couldnt have died.十.運用祈使句的誤區(qū)1、祈使句往往容易與不定式、分詞或條件狀語從句相混淆。在平時的練習(xí)或測試中，如果稍不留神，就會出錯。因此，要認(rèn)真審題，認(rèn)真分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，并根據(jù)上下文語境，作出正確判斷。例如：_ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.A. Hav

13、ing checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check析：如果空白處選填B(Check)項，則視為祈使句，但后一分句前沒有并列連接詞and連接；如選A或D項(分詞或不定式)，句中邏輯主語some spelling mistakes又不能執(zhí)行這個動作，故均不符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)。因此，只有C項(條件狀語從句)符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)及句意。 2. 考查祈使句型與非謂語動詞作狀語的辨別能力注意標(biāo)點符號(如破折號)的功能，牢記常見祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)，排除非謂語動詞的干擾(非謂語動詞提前作狀語，常用逗號與后面分開，表示時間、原因、條件、目的等)。原題再現(xiàn) 答案: AI've n

14、ever seen anyone run so fast - _David go.A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched1、 將以下祈使句改為否定式：1. Come here early. 2. Ask him. 3. Please wait for her. 4. Read the book carefully. 5. Sit under the tree, please. 6. Lets go there together. 二、用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Its an impo

15、rtant meeting. _ (not, be )late.2. _ (not,make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.3. _ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and _ (be) polite.4. _ ( not, talk) and _ (read) aloud.5. _ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.6. _ (look) out! A car is coming.7. _ (give) us ten years and ju

16、st see what our country will be like.8. _ (not, let) the baby cry.9. Wear more clothes or you _ (catch) a cold.10. Lets _ (not, say) anything about it.三、選擇最佳答案填空：( )1. If you are tired, _ a rest. A. have                &

17、#160;            B. having C. to have                         D. had( )2. _ me go. It is very important for me. A. Do let

18、0;                          B. let do C. Doing let                     

19、;  D. To do let( )3. He is not honest. _ believe him. A. Not                               B. Dont C. To not      &

20、#160;                    D. Not to( )4. If you want to stay, let me know, _? A. will you                   

21、60;     B. shall we C. do you                           D. do we( )5. Never come late again, _? A. will you       &

22、#160;                 B. wont C. do you                           D. does he( )6. _ up ear

23、ly tomorrow, or you cant catch the train. A. Getting                          B. Get C. To get             

24、60;             D. Got( )7. _ in the street. Its dangerous. A. Not play                        B. Not to play C. Dont play

25、60;                    D. Dont to play( )8. Please _ me some money, will you? A. lend                    

26、           B. lending C. to lend                           D. be lend( )9. The film is about to begin. Please _ seated.

27、A. be                                 B.are C. is               &

28、#160;                  D. being( )10. _ the boxes. You may use them later. A. Keep                             B. Keeping C. To keep