咳嗽、咳痰、盜汗

1、ADD YOUR TEXTCLICK TO ADD YOUR TITLE HEREHappiness is not about being immortal nor having food or rights in ones hand. Its about having each tiny wish come true, or having something to eat when you are hungry or having someones love when you need love.咳嗽是一種反射性防御動(dòng)作，通過咳嗽可以清除呼吸道分泌物及氣道內(nèi)異物。但是咳嗽也有不利的一面，例如

2、咳嗽可使呼吸道內(nèi)感染擴(kuò)散，劇烈的咳嗽可導(dǎo)致呼吸道出血，甚至誘發(fā)自發(fā)性氣胸等。因此，如果頻繁的咳嗽影響工作和休息，則為病理狀態(tài)。痰是氣管、支氣管的分泌物或肺泡內(nèi)的滲出液，借助咳嗽將其排出稱為咳痰。ADD YOUR TEXTCLICK TO ADD YOUR TITLE HEREHappiness is not about being immortal nor having food or rights in ones hand. Its about having each tiny wish come true, or having something to eat when you are h

3、ungry or having someones love when you need love.干性咳嗽：咳嗽無痰或痰量極少。干咳或刺激性咳嗽常見于急性或慢性咽喉炎、喉癌、急性支氣管炎初期、氣管受壓、支氣管異物、支氣管腫瘤、胸膜疾病、原發(fā)性肺動(dòng)脈高壓以及二尖瓣狹窄等濕性咳嗽：咳嗽伴有咳痰，常見于慢性支氣管炎、支氣管擴(kuò)張、肺炎、肺膿腫和空洞型肺結(jié)核等ADD YOUR TEXTCLICK TO ADD YOUR TITLE HEREHappiness is not about being immortal nor having food or rights in ones hand. Its a

4、bout having each tiny wish come true, or having something to eat when you are hungry or having someones love when you need love.突發(fā)性咳嗽：常由于吸入刺激性氣體或異物、淋巴結(jié)或腫瘤壓迫氣管或支氣管分叉處所引起發(fā)作性咳嗽：可見于百日咳、支氣管結(jié)核以及以咳嗽為主要癥狀的支氣管哮喘(變異性哮喘)等長(zhǎng)期慢性咳嗽：多見于慢性支氣管炎、支氣管擴(kuò)張、肺膿腫及肺結(jié)核夜間咳嗽：常見于左心衰竭和肺結(jié)核患者，引起夜間咳嗽的原因可能與夜間肺淤血加重及迷走神經(jīng)興奮性増高有關(guān) ADD YOUR

5、TEXTCLICK TO ADD YOUR TITLE HEREHappiness is not about being immortal nor having food or rights in ones hand. Its about having each tiny wish come true, or having something to eat when you are hungry or having someones love when you need love.咳嗽聲音嘶啞，多為聲帶的炎癥或腫瘤壓迫喉返神經(jīng)所致；雞鳴樣咳嗽，表現(xiàn)為連續(xù)陣發(fā)性劇咳伴有高調(diào)吸氣回聲，多見于百日咳

6、、會(huì)厭、喉部疾患或氣管受壓；金屬音咳嗽，常見于因縱隔腫瘤、主動(dòng)脈瘤或支氣管癌直接壓迫氣管所致的咳嗽；咳嗽聲音低微或無力，見于嚴(yán)重肺氣腫、聲帶麻痹及極度衰弱者。ADD YOUR TEXTCLICK TO ADD YOUR TITLE HEREHappiness is not about being immortal nor having food or rights in ones hand. Its about having each tiny wish come true, or having something to eat when you are hungry or having so

7、meones love when you need love.黏液性痰多見于急性支氣管炎、支氣管哮喘及大葉性肺炎的初期，也可見于慢性支氣管炎、肺結(jié)核等漿液性痰見于肺水腫。膿性痰見于化膿性細(xì)菌性下呼吸道感染膿性痰見于化膿性細(xì)菌性下呼吸道感染血性痰是由于呼吸道黏膜受侵害、損害毛細(xì)血管或血液滲人肺泡所致ADD YOUR TEXTCLICK TO ADD YOUR TITLE HEREHappiness is not about being immortal nor having food or rights in ones hand. Its about having each tiny wish

8、come true, or having something to eat when you are hungry or having someones love when you need love. 惡臭痰提示有厭氧菌感染 鐵銹色痰為典型肺炎球菌肺炎的特征 黃綠色或翠綠色痰，提示銅綠假單胞菌感染 痰白黏稠且牽拉成絲難以咳出，提示有真菌感染 大量稀薄漿液性痰中含粉皮樣物，提示棘球蚴病(棘球蚴病) 粉紅色泡沫痰是肺水腫的特征 日咳數(shù)百至上千毫升漿液泡沫痰還需考慮肺泡癌的可能ADD YOUR TEXTCLICK TO ADD YOUR TITLE HEREHappiness is not abo

9、ut being immortal nor having food or rights in ones hand. Its about having each tiny wish come true, or having something to eat when you are hungry or having someones love when you need love.盜汗是中醫(yī)的一個(gè)病證名，是以入睡后汗出異常，醒后汗泄即止為特征的一種病征。生理性盜汗病理性盜汗ADD YOUR TEXTCLICK TO ADD YOUR TITLE HEREHappiness is not abou

10、t being immortal nor having food or rights in ones hand. Its about having each tiny wish come true, or having something to eat when you are hungry or having someones love when you need love.盜汗的常見病因： 女性更年期綜合征 小兒缺鈣 結(jié)核 糖尿病 甲亢 副癌綜合癥ADD YOUR TEXTCLICK TO ADD YOUR TITLE HEREHappiness is not about being im

11、mortal nor having food or rights in ones hand. Its about having each tiny wish come true, or having something to eat when you are hungry or having someones love when you need love.小丁是一名22歲的文科男大學(xué)生，自幼體質(zhì)不佳，經(jīng)常頭疼感冒，小病不斷。約在7天前不小心淋了雨，后來開始發(fā)燒，自己量體溫最高的時(shí)候達(dá)到39，這些天老是咳嗽，咳白色痰，痰里有時(shí)可以見到血絲，咳嗽劇烈的時(shí)候胸部也感到疼痛，晚上睡覺還經(jīng)常出汗。校醫(yī)

12、院醫(yī)生看過小丁后，給他靜脈滴注抗生素治療。5天后小丁的癥狀沒有什么好轉(zhuǎn)。著急的他來到上級(jí)醫(yī)院，接診的王醫(yī)生仔細(xì)詢問了小丁的病情，小丁否認(rèn)既往有其他呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病、手術(shù)史、輸血史、用藥過敏史等。ADD YOUR TEXTCLICK TO ADD YOUR TITLE HEREHappiness is not about being immortal nor having food or rights in ones hand. Its about having each tiny wish come true, or having something to eat when you are hun

13、gry or having someones love when you need love.肺結(jié)核診斷診斷方法1.病史和癥狀體征2.影像學(xué)診斷 發(fā)現(xiàn)早期輕微結(jié)核病變，確定病變范圍，部位，形態(tài)，密度，與周圍組織的關(guān)系，病變陰影的伴隨影像 判斷病變性質(zhì)，有無活動(dòng)性，有無空洞，空洞大小和洞壁特點(diǎn)3.痰結(jié)核分支桿菌檢查：是確診肺結(jié)核的主要方法，也是制定化療方案和考核治療效果的依據(jù)4.纖支鏡檢查：常應(yīng)用于支氣管結(jié)核和淋巴結(jié)支氣管瘺的診斷5.結(jié)核菌素試驗(yàn)：結(jié)核菌素試驗(yàn)廣泛應(yīng)用于檢出結(jié)核分支桿菌的感染，而非檢出結(jié)核病6.-干擾素釋放試驗(yàn)ADD YOUR TEXTCLICK TO ADD YOUR TITLE HEREHappin