流體力學(xué)英文PPT學(xué)習(xí)教案

1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1流體力學(xué)流體力學(xué)(li t l xu)英文英文第一頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-172Contents Teaching Contents In Classroom Experimental Projects In Teaching LabTotal hours: 54Classroom teaching hours: 48Practice hours: 6第1頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第二頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-173Teaching Contents (1)Part A (Total hours: 36)nA1 Introduction (4 hours)nA2 Fluid statics (

2、6 hours )nA3 Fluid kinematics (6 hours)nA4 Fluid dynamics ( 6 hours)nA5 Laminar flow, turbulent flow and energy loss (8 hours)nA6 Pipe flow and calculation of pipeline (4 hours)nA7 Similarity theory and dimensional analysis (2 hours)Fundamental第2頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第三頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-174Part B (Total hours: 8)lB1 St

3、ream functions and potential functions, frictionless irrotational flow (4 hours )lB2 Boundary layer theory and flow past body (4 hours)Part C (Total hours: 4)uC1 Resaerch progress in Fluid Mechancis (1 hour)uC2 Modern flow measurement technologies (1 hour)uC3 Introduction to numerical simulation of

4、turbulence flow and commercial softwares of CFD (2 hours)Teaching Contents (2)Extended contentsFundamental第3頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第四頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-175Part A and Part B are the foundation of Fluid Mechanics, Part C is the extended contents and refer to some practical problems. This course also pays much attention to

5、the prevalence of modern fluid mechanics, for example, the introduction to the theory of turbulence boundary layer and the sketch of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) will help your further applications after your graduation.Teaching Contents (3)第4頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第五頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-176Experimental Projects (1)I

6、n-class (Required) (Total hours: 6)nE1 Hydrostatics (1 hour)nE2 Velocity measurement with Pitot tube (1 hour)nE3 Flow measurement with Venturi tube (1 hour)nE4 Verification of Bernoulli equation (1 hour)nE5 Reynolds experiment (1 hour)nE6 Measurement of friction loss coefficient for circular pipe fl

7、ow (1 hour)第5頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第六頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-177Experimental Projects (2) After-class (Total hours: 6-8)pE1 Liquid viscosity measurement (1 hour) (Optional) pE2 Demonstrating experiment about flow pattern and streamline (1 hour) (Required) pE3 Measurement of local loss coefficient for circular pipe flow (1 ho

8、ur) (Required) pE4 Demonstrating experiment about Siphon principle (1 hour) (Required) pE5 Demonstrating experiment about flow around airfoil and cylinder (1 hour) (Required) pE6 Demonstrating experiment about vortex formation (1 hour) (Required) pE7 Self-designing experiments (1 hour) (Optional) 第6

9、頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第七頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-178Frank M. White. Fluid Mechanics. McGraw Hill Higher Education, 7th Revised edition, 2010.2第7頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第八頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-179uE. John Finnemore, Joseph B. Franzini. Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Applications. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 10th Revised edition, 2001.10第8頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第九頁(yè)，

10、共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1710u Jin Xiaohong, Li Yuanhui. Fluid Mechanics (bilingual Teaching). Beijing: China Power Press, 2011.9第9頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第十頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1711 5% attendance 10% homework 10% required experiments 5% optional experiments 70% final examGrades第10頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第十一頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1712 When you think about it, alm

11、ost everything on this planet either is a fluid or moves within or near a fluid. Frank M. WhitePreliminary RemarksFluid can be found almost everywhere on the earth !第11頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第十二頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1713Overview of Fluid Mechanics The concept of fluid The primary physical property of fluid Study objects of

12、Fluid Mechanics The nature of the subject of Fluid Mechanics Tasks of Fluid Mechanics Study approaches of Fluid Mechanics Importance (position) of the course History of Fluid MechanicsThe following aspects will be discussed第12頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第十三頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1714Introduction第13頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第十四頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1715Is it

13、 has afixed volume？Can it form a free surface？Is it easy to be compressed？Fluidgasnonoyesliquidyesyesno FluidSolidyesnoThe primary physical property of fluid第14頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第十五頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1716 Fluid mechanics is an important branch of modern mechanics，Its a science that studies fluids balance (Fluid stat

14、ics), mechanical movement laws (Fluid Kinematics) and the interaction between fluid and the boundaries (Fluid Dynamics), which may be either solid surfaces or interfaces with other fluids. It mainly ascertains the distribution of speed and pressure, energy loss and the interaction force and the mome

15、nt between fluid and boundary.IntroductionStudy Objects of Fluid Mechanics (1)第15頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第十六頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1717Water and air are researched mostly in fluid mechanics. Besides these, fluid also includes vapor as work medium in turbine, lube oil, water which mixing with mud and sand, blood, melting metal

16、 and the gas with complicated components coming from burning, plasmas under high temperature condition, etc.Study Objects of Fluid Mechanics (2)l Stationary boundaries：riverbed, pipe wall, building, etc；l Moving boundaries：aircraft, ship, runner, etc.Types of boundary第16頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第十七頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1718 M

17、echanicsResearch object The carrier of mechanical problemsFluid MechanicsFluidLiquidWaterMechanicsThree conservation lawsHydraulicsIntroductionLiquid is the main research object; Mainly focus on engineering applications; Suitable for students in Hydraulic Eng.,Civil Eng.The nature of the subject of

18、Fluid MechanicsConservation of mass, momentum and energy第17頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第十八頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1719 Fluid mechanics is not only an age-old subject, but also a new fashion subject which can be researched on quite widely fields. There are many questions about fluid mechanics in these departments, such as in aviati

19、on, spaceflight, navigation, astronomical weather, physical geography, water conservancy and hydropower, heat energy refrigeration, building construction and environmental protection, petroleum and chemical engineering, transporting air and liquid, combustion and explosion, metallurgy and mining, bi

20、ology and sea, war industry and nuclear energy, machine building, mechanical engineering, etc.Tasks of Fluid MechanicsIntroductionEngineering fields and disciplines relative to Fluid Mechanics第18頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第十九頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1720Vortex created by the passage of an aircraft Vortex created by the passage of

21、an aircraft wing, revealed by coloured smokewing, revealed by coloured smokeTurbulence in the tip vortex from an airplane wingEngineering fields relative to Fluid Mechanics第19頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第二十頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1721aviationspaceflightnavigationRocket launchingfountain第20頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第二十一頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1722Axial-flow fan

22、 & centrifugal pumpfanpumpimpeller第21頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第二十二頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1723Multi-stage axial-flow compressor modelMulti-stage axial-flow compressor modelCompressor第22頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第二十三頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1724Water turbine and electrical generator cut-away viewWater turbine and electrical generator cut-away view Kaplan

23、turbine runner and bladehydropower第23頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第二十四頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1725Model plane tested in a wind tunnelModel plane tested in a wind tunnel Car wind tunnel test Air flow past an aerofoilCooling fan 第24頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第二十五頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1726The Three Gorges Dam photographed by satellite of the United StatesHydrauli

24、cEngineeringwater conservancy projectDujiangyancomprehensive engng第25頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第二十六頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1727Typhoon Tornado: A rotating column of air usually accompanied by a funnel-shaped downward extension of a cumulonimbus cloud and having a vortex several hundred yards in diameter whirling destructively at

25、 speeds of up to 500 miles (800 km) per hour. Typhoon Typhoon: A tropical cyclone occurring in the western Pacific or Indian oceans. Tornado第26頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第二十七頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1728vortex formed in the rear of a high-speed trainboiling mud near a Volcanic craterTornadoTornado第27頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第二十八頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1729Hur

26、ricane 第28頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第二十九頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1730WeatherCFDsupercomputer第29頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第三十頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1731Dew and drop第30頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第三十一頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1732Surface tensionsoap bubble water-drop 第31頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第三十二頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1733volleyballfootballtennisswimmingrowingdiscus throwgolf ballracecar racingjavelintable tennisbadmi

27、nton第32頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第三十三頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1734Golf ball with smooth & rough surface, Which is better？Question 第33頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第三十四頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1735 Golf originated in Scotland in the 15th Century. It was thought in the early days that the golf ball with smooth surface had small flight resistance, so the ball was

28、 made in leather. It was found afterwards that an old ball with many scratches on its surface could fly farther than a new ball with smooth surface. This mystery was not to be solved until the boundary layer theory was established by L. Prandtl in the 20th Century. The present-day golf has a lot of

29、pits on its surface, and the flight distance of a rough surface ball is 5 times farther than a smooth ball when they have the same size and weight.第34頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第三十五頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1736wake zonewake zone第35頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第三十六頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1737Acoustics (aerodynamic noise) Aerodynamics Aeroelasticity Aeronautics Com

30、putational Fluid Dynamics CFDFlow field measurementHemodynamics Hydraulics the physical science and technology of the static and dynamic behavior of fluids) Hydrology Hydrostatics Fluid Statics Hydrodynamics Fluid Dynamics Electrohydrodynamics Magnetohydrodynamics Rheology Quantum hydrodynamics第36頁(yè)/

31、共54頁(yè)第三十七頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1738Fluid mechanics has three study approaches. The first one is a theoretical approach. Which analyzes the primary and lesser factor of the question, abstracts theoretical model (such as continuous medium, ideal fluid, incompressible fluid, etc), uses mathematical tools to fin

32、d the general answer about the fluid movement. Study Approaches of Fluid Mechanics (1)Introductionbasic hypotheses mathematical modelanalytical solutiongeneral answercalculus, field theoryexact solutiont h e o r e t i c a l analysis第37頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第三十八頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1739Study Approaches of Fluid Mechanics (

33、2)The second is an experimental approach.Which summarizes the fluid question by experiment as a similar experiment model, observes the phenomena and determines the data and conjectures the experiment results according to a certain method. experimental studymodel experiments observation & measure

34、ment convert to prototype similarity theoryexperimental datasimilar model第38頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第三十九頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1740Marvellous phenomena of flowFluid flow past a cylinder Cats eye phenomenonRe numberFluid flow past a spherical bodyboundary layer separation wake zoneincoming flow 第39頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第四十頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1741St

35、udy Approaches of Fluid Mechanics (3)The third is a calculating approach. Which draws out the experiment scheme according to the theory analysis and experiment observation, inputs the data by program and calculates the numerical solution with computer. numerical calculationmathematical model numeric

36、al model numerical solution discretizedequationsgoverning equationsapproximate solutionBoundary conditions & initial conditions computer第40頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第四十一頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1742Karman vortex street due to air flows past a cylinderCFDVortex shedding behind a circular cylinder. In this animation, the flow o

37、n the two sides of the cylinder are shown in different colors, which shows that the vortices are formed from the two sides alternately. 第41頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第四十二頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1743Simulation of Karman vortexCFDFluid flows past a 2D body第42頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第四十三頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1744Velocity & pressure distributions in the f

38、low passage of a centrifugal fanCentrifugal fanCFD第43頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第四十四頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1745Numerical simulation with CFDNumerical simulation with CFDPumpCFDmodelpressurevelocity第44頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第四十五頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1746Air-solid couplingAir-solid couplingfluid structure interaction, FSICFDDisplacementTotal deformationSt

39、ressEquivalent stress第45頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第四十六頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1747 The three approaches have advantages and disadvantages. Only supplement each other can they advance the development of fluid mechanics. Modern fluid mechanics has band the three approaches together organically and promote the development of fluid

40、mechanics quickly.Study Approaches of Fluid Mechanics (4)第46頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第四十七頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1748Advantages Disadvantages Theoretical Theoretical analysisanalysisl Exact (analytical) solution can be obtained.l Flow mechanism can be revealed.l Limited to basic assumptions.l Analytical solutions can be obtaine

41、d only in a few cases.Experimental Experimental studystudyModel Model experimentexperimentl Flow parameters can be measured directly.l Empirical relations can be found.l High cost.l High measurement technique is required.l Uneasy to change the conditions.l Affected by scale effects.Numerical Numeric

42、al calculationcalculationl Can expand the range of theoretical solution.l Low cost.l Easy to change conditions.l Its not affected by scale effects.l Limited to theoretical model and numerical model.l Computational error is exist.第47頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第四十八頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1749EXITImportance (position) of the course

43、Fundamental courses Basic specialty course Relative professional coursesIntroductionbridge第48頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第四十九頁(yè)，共54頁(yè)。2022-4-1750The first contribution to the come into being of the subject of fluid mechanics was did by Archimedes of ancient Greece. He founded the liquid balance theory include the physical principle of buoyancy and buoyancy stability. He established the basis of the hydrostatics . The formation and development of fluid mechanics is fell into five phases.History of Fluid Mechanics (1)Introductionl Questions of proj