美國廣播媒介的發(fā)展趨勢

1、 美國廣播媒介的發(fā)展美國廣播媒介的發(fā)展美國廣播電臺的類型 1 專業(yè)臺 絕大多數(shù)廣播電臺屬于專業(yè)臺，即以某一類型和主題的節(jié)目作為該電臺的主體節(jié)目。 2 綜合臺 極少部分獨立電臺和三大廣播公司所屬的部分電臺。這種電臺既播放新聞類節(jié)目，還播放各種廣播劇、娛樂節(jié)目、競猜節(jié)目、音樂節(jié)目等。 專業(yè)臺以專業(yè)特色取勝，綜合臺以多樣性取勝。 美國的廣播節(jié)目多是類型化節(jié)目，即一家電臺主要播出一種類型的節(jié)目。 Formats for Specific Audiences(類型化) 目前，美國絕大部分的廣播電臺(風格電臺)都是靠流行的音樂節(jié)目和受歡迎的節(jié)目主持人來吸引聽眾。 Radio stations today

2、offer a wide range of formats, each geared to attract a narrow segment of the population. As the number of listeners dropped, local stations switched more to recorded music. Far cheaper than producing programs Alan Freed (1921-1965) Gordon McLendon(1921-1986) Alan Freed Father of Rock and Roll“ an A

3、merican disc-jockey (DJ) In the 1950s he pitched rocknroll He was not the first to play it on the airwaves, but is credited for coining and popularizing the term Rock and Roll to describe a style of music. His career was destroyed by the p a y o l a s c a n d a l t h a t h i t t h e broadcasting ind

4、ustry in the early 1960s. Gordon McLendon the creator of format radio and one of the most innovative programmers Top 40 (on his KLIF，during the 1950s and 1960s) Format that replays pop records beautiful music（on his KABL，in 1959） all-news (the founder of the first all-news radio station in XTRA in T

5、ijuana , 1961 )Radio News By the 1990s radio had become primarily an entertainment medium with low-cost programming based on playing records. The fact is that fewer stations offer news. Despite the decline of radio news, there are bright spots.National Public Radio (NPR) NPR was created in 1970. NPR

6、 produces and distributes news and cultural programming. NPR allows reporters the airtime to tell their stories thoroughly and in depth. flagship programs are two drive time news broadcastsMorning EditionAll Things ConsideredPaul Harvey Paul Harvey News and Comment (ABC Radio Networks ) was first br

7、oadcast nationally in 1951 and continued into the 21st century, making Harvey one of the longest-lasting and best-known voices on American radio. Harveys program - an idiosyncratic mix of headlines, comments, quips and advertisements, all voiced by Harvey. In 1976 Harvey began a companion radio feat

8、ure, The Rest of the Story, telling little-known tales from the lives of famous people.Talk Radio Talk formats that feature live listener telephone calls emerged as a major genre in U.S. radio in the 1980s. On AM radio, talk become the most common formats in the 1990s. The political talk show audien

9、ce is largely white, male, Republican and financially well off. But many talk shows focus less on the great public issues than wacky, often vitriolic personalities. Terry Gross Fresh Air (the host and co-executive producer ) an interview format radio show produced by WHYY-FM in Philadelphia (1975) a

10、nd distributed throughout the United States by NPR. Gross has won praise for her low-key and friendly yet often probing interview style and for the diversity of her guests. Gross prides herself on preparation. Don Imus Imus in the Morning a syndicated radio show mixing news, biting humor and politic

11、al commentary. (The show originates at station WFAN in New York City and is broadcast throughout the U.S.) His daily listeners are the kind of high-income, highly educated folks that advertisers love.The Rush Limbaugh Show (an outspoken ultra-conservative and ultra-popular radio talk show host)The R

12、ush Limbaugh Show has helped transform AM broadcasting. The shows audience to average 13.5 million listeners weekly, making it the largest radio talk show audience in the United States. He remained a strong influence among his politically conservative audience.播放帝國：廣播革命播放帝國：廣播革命 播客播客(podcast) RSS技術和

13、MP3播放器諸如iPod結合的產物。(博客+電臺+iPod=播客) Podcast的特點是自主性,“在我想聽的時候聽我想聽”，而且還可以“你聽我說”。在這種模式下，受眾不再是媒體內容的被動接收和消費者，而是媒體內容的選擇者，同時也是內容的主動參與者和創(chuàng)造者. 播客鼻祖、前MTV名人: Adam CurryAdam Curry 1980s MTV host (video jockey ) now as a high-profile personality in the development of podcasting (influential podcaster )iP (iPodder)Daily Source Code (“每日源代碼每日源代碼”)播客離商業(yè)化有多遠？播客離商業(yè)化有多遠？ 絕大多數(shù)的播客并不能從他們的節(jié)目獲得收入 。 數(shù)字革命光臨廣播業(yè) 隨著廣播節(jié)目的數(shù)字化，它們的傳播方式也變得多樣化，從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)到衛(wèi)星到手機和iPod。 被放低到極限的門檻是播客們最大的籌碼。 Podcast目前尚處嬰兒期，無論其最終如何發(fā)展，其橫空出世的意義在于它延伸了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)這個平臺 。廣播節(jié)目發(fā)展趨勢 “可移動方式