人教版必修五Unit 1 Great scientists using language課時(shí)作業(yè)

1、.Unit 1 Great scientists using language課時(shí)作業(yè)時(shí)間：15分鐘.閱讀理解閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)A、B、C和D中選出最正確選項(xiàng)。Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits including making your brain sharper.Yes, it turns out that overweight may damage cognitive functions such as memory and attention. There have been few studies of

2、overweight and cognitive functioning, possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance. Losing weight, therefore, may help improve these mental functions, according to a new research led by John Gunstad, assistant professor of psychology at

3、 Kent State University.Growing evidence suggests that being fat is linked to cognitive deficits缺陷. So Gunstad and his team guessed that losing weight might improve mental function. For their study, they measured memory and attention in a group of 150 overweight participants, some of whom had some ki

4、nd of operation for weight loss and some did not. All of the volunteers completed mental skills tests to assess their abilities of memory and attention at the beginning of the study, and again 12 weeks later. To begin with, about 24% of the patients showed damaged learning and 23% showed signs of po

5、or memory when tested. At the end of the study, those who had lost weight after operation improved their scores into the average or above average range for cognitive functions. Scores for the volunteers who didnt lose weight dropped even further.The study helped Gunstad to find out whether losing we

6、ight had any effect on mental function, Now that hes seen the positive effect that weight loss can have on memory and attention, he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way eating healthier and getting more active. He expects that losing weight in this way will

7、have a similarly positive effect on the brain. “If we can improve the condition with operations, then we can probably produce the same change with behavioral weight loss as well， he says.1. There is less research on overweight and cognitive functions because researchers _A. believe overweight only a

8、ffects our bodyB. have focused on ways to sharpen peoples mindC. do not consider overweight a main cause for low cognitive abilityD. are clear about the relation between weight and mental functions2. The result of Gunstads study shows that _A. losing weight has little effect on peoples memoryB. losi

9、ng weight can improve peoples mental functionsC. overweight people are likely to have psychology problemsD. overweight peoples abilities of concentration differ greatly3. What is Gunstad planning to prove next in his research?A. Slim people are smarter than overweight people.B. Healthy diet is bette

10、r than exercise in losing weight.C. Traditional ways of losing weight are better than operation.D. Overweight people will get smarter by taking more exercise.4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Body Weight and HealthB. Losing Weight by OperationC. Ways to Improve Mental Funct

11、ionsD. Losing Weight to Sharpen Your Mind答案與解析【文章大意】本文是一篇科普類文。中心是“減肥可以使人更聰明。Gunstad的研究說明減肥能進(jìn)步人們的腦力功能，不管是通過手術(shù)減肥還是鍛煉控制飲食都是有效果的。1. 答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第二段中的There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning, possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for po

12、or cognitive performance.可知，很少關(guān)于過度肥胖和認(rèn)知功能的調(diào)查，因?yàn)檠芯咳藛T沒有認(rèn)為過度肥胖是認(rèn)知程度低的原因。2. 答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的Losing weight, therefore, may help improve these mental functions, according to a new research led by John Gunstad, assistant professor of psychology at Kent State University.可知Gunstad的研究說明減肥能進(jìn)步人們的腦力功能。故B項(xiàng)正確。

13、3. 答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way eating healthier and getting more active.可知Gunstad下一步在調(diào)查中想要證明的是通過鍛煉過度肥胖的人可以變得聰明。4. 答案D解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits including making your brain sharper.可知，這篇文章

14、主要講述減肥可以使人變得更聰明。故D項(xiàng)作為標(biāo)題最好。.閱讀填空根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 How to Keep Your Body in Balance When on a Diet2019·唐山模擬The basic principle of weight loss is that the total calories expended in energy must be greater than the total calories consumed. However, if you take dieting and e

15、xercise to extremes, your body can be thrown off balance. _1_ By paying attention to some basic principles of selfcare and nutrition, you can avoid putting your body under too much stress._2_ Depending on the diet you are following, consume small meals regularly to prevent blood sugar spiking and lo

16、wering which cause tiredness, light headedness, headaches, irritability and food longing. Aim to consume a small meal, snack or a glass of juice every three hours. If following a liquidonly diet plan, make sure you are consuming liquids containing enough nutrients to support your body.Stay hydrated含

17、水的. Ensure you drink plenty of water to keep your body in balance. _3_ Water helps the body function most effectively and facilitates the dieting process by aiding the removal of toxins.Get plenty of sleep. _4_ Extreme diets should only be followed for a few days. Dont cut out food groups, such as c

18、arbohydrate, completely. Try to plan these diets for a weekend or for days off work so that you can rest the body during times when you will be consuming a limited or very lowcalorie diet. Take some forms of exercise, such as walking, jogging, swimming or yoga. Exercise is beneficial to keeping the

19、body in balance, boosting heart rate, blood flow and aiding general wellbeing. _5_A. Balance your blood sugar.B. We all accept that eating away at home can add more calories.C. If undertaking an extreme diet, make sure you get plenty of rest.D. When following any diet plan, make sure you are not damaging your health.E. Eat more vegetables, d