機械設計制造及其自動化畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯

1、 英文原文名 Automatic production line PLC control of automatic feeding station 中文譯名 基于PLC的自動化生產線自動上料站的控制 中文譯文：自動化生產線自動上料站的PLC控制自動生產線是由工件傳送系統(tǒng)和控制系統(tǒng)，將一組自動機床和輔助設備按照工藝順序聯結起來，自動完成產品全部或部分制造過程的生產系統(tǒng)，簡稱自動線。二十世紀20年代，隨著汽車、滾動軸承、小電機和縫紉機和其他工業(yè)發(fā)展,機械制造業(yè)開始出現在自動生產線,第一個是組合機床自動線。在20世紀20年代,第一次出現在汽車工業(yè)流水生產線和半自動生產線,然后發(fā)展成自動生產線。第二次

2、世界大戰(zhàn)后,在機械制造工業(yè)發(fā)達國家,自動生產線的數量急劇增加。采用自動生產線生產的產品應該足夠大,產品設計和技術應該是先進的、穩(wěn)定的和可靠的,基本上保持了很長一段時間維持不變。自動線用于大,大規(guī)模生產可以提高勞動生產率,穩(wěn)定和提高產品質量,改善勞動條件,降低生產區(qū)域,降低生產成本,縮短生產周期,保證生產平衡、顯著的經濟效益。自動生產線的一個干預指定的程序或命令自動操作或控制的過程,我們的目標是穩(wěn)定、準確、快速。自動化技術廣泛用于工業(yè)、農業(yè)、軍事、科學研究、交通運輸、商業(yè)、醫(yī)療、服務和家庭,等自動化生產線不僅可以使人們從繁重的體力勞動、部分腦力勞動以及惡劣、危險的工作環(huán)境,能擴大人的器官功能,極

3、大地提高勞動生產率,提高人們認識世界的能力,可以改變世界。下面我說下它的應用范圍：機械制造業(yè)中有鑄造、鍛造、沖壓、熱處理、焊接、切削加工和機械裝配等自動線，也有包括不同性質的工序，如毛坯制造、加工、裝配、檢驗和包裝等的綜合自動線。加工自動線發(fā)展最快,應用最廣泛的機械制造。主要包括:用于處理盒、外殼、各種各樣的部件,如組合機床自動線;用于加工軸、盤部分,由通用、專業(yè)化、或自動機器自動專線;轉子加工自動線;轉子自動線加工過程簡單、小零件等。1.確保節(jié)拍時間:無論什么樣的產品,都必須完成的時間生產。2.單元過程:只有一個產品,單位部分處理、組裝、加工和材料。3.先導器：理解為視覺設備節(jié)拍時間。4.U

4、型生產線:校準設備按照項目訂單逆時針方向,和一個人負責出口和入口。5.AB控制:只有當沒有產品工程,工程的產品,使項目。6.燈光:傳達我們的產品線過程變化的裝置。7.后工程領取:在產品的生產線,以滿足項目需求。設備聯接：自動線中設備的聯結方式有剛性聯接和柔性聯接兩種。在剛性聯接自動線中，沒有裝載裝置,工件加工和傳播過程有嚴格的節(jié)奏。當暫停設備故障,將導致政府關門。因此,剛性連接自動生產線的工作需要高可靠性的各種設備。在自動生產線柔性連接,每個工序(或部分)之間的加載裝置,比不必嚴格在每個過程是一致的,短暫的停頓,一個設備可以由存儲設備在一定時間來調整平衡,從而不會影響其他設備的正常工作。集成自

5、動生產線、裝配、自動線路和時間組合機床自動線通常采用柔性連接。組成部分：自動線路傳輸系統(tǒng)一般包括機床和工件裝載裝置,傳動裝置和加載裝置。在轉子加工自動線,傳動裝置,包括重力式輸送機或迫使槽或進料輸送機,推廣、傳輸和配電裝置等。有時,機械手完成轉運裝置的功能。在組合機床自動線工件有合適的輸送機基礎,采用直接傳輸方式,傳輸設備有各種步進式輸送機、傳輸裝置和翻轉裝置形狀不規(guī)則,沒有適當的傳輸的基礎表面的工件,通常在托盤的位置和運輸,這種情況將增加托盤返回設備。自動生產線控制系統(tǒng)主要是用于確保機床的傳動系統(tǒng),工件,依照有關規(guī)定和輔助設備的正常工作的工作周期和聯鎖要求,檢驗設備和信號設備和麻煩。適應的要

6、求自動生產線的調試和正常運行,控制系統(tǒng)有三種工作狀態(tài):,半自動和自動調整。的調整可以手動操作和調整,實現單機每個行動;在半自動可實現單機單工作;在自動傳輸機可以連續(xù)工作?？刂葡到y(tǒng)有其“停止”控制功能、停車、傳送機在正常工作條件下需要完成一個工作循環(huán),每個機床的運動部件上停車后回到原來的位置。自動設置的其他輔助設備按照流程和自動化程度的要求,比如洗衣機工件自動檢測裝置,自動工具改變裝置,自動芯片系統(tǒng)和冷卻系統(tǒng),等。為了提高生產力,自動行必須確保自動生產線的工作可靠性。主要影響因素自動生產線的可靠性工作是加工質量和設備的穩(wěn)定運行的可靠性。自動生產線的發(fā)展方向主要是提高生產率和增加通用性和靈活性。為

7、了適應多種生產的需要,調整開發(fā)可以快速可調自動生產線。這生產線是一套基于PLC控制的教學系統(tǒng),也是一套模塊化的生產實訓系統(tǒng)。它集電氣控制、PLC應用、傳感器和氣動等多種技術于一體, 由自動上料、傳輸檢測、真空分揀、顏色分揀、位置調整、配件供給和裝配下料等七個工作站組成。自動上料站的功能是為其它工作站提供工件。工件由氣動機械手抓取,經平移,升降,擺動等動作,放到輸送帶上,然后回歸原位。1.系統(tǒng)的硬件設計自動上料模塊是整個自動生產線系統(tǒng)的起始單元,主要由工件裝料管和推出裝置,支架,閥組,終端組件、PLC、按鈕、槽底板,等。主要功能是被放置在一個掩體工件自動推到材料板,以便運輸單元的機械手抓取和輸送

8、。有手動和自動兩種操作方式。操作前應確保進料板材料。1.1 動作過程上料單元主體是一個轉動的料盤,料盤上設置兩個管形料倉。在料盤口對應上料的位置安裝了漫反射光電開關,功能是檢測材料裝在盤子里。當工件將達到位置,光電開關檢測工件的存在,然后系統(tǒng)提供本單位圓盤材料工件的信號。在輸送單元控制程序中,您可以使用信號狀態(tài)的構件驅動機械手裝置,去旅游。本在重力的作用下工件自動向下移動工件,準備下一個抓取工件。如果當前盤沒有工件,材料板將在程序控制下的預期位置繼續(xù)測試。直到兩個菜沒有工件,材料板停止轉動。1.2 氣動回路設計氣動控制回路是本工作單元的執(zhí)行機構,由氣動機械手和上料轉盤組成,完成上料和取料。機械

9、手在結構上由兩個直線氣缸、一個擺動氣缸和氣爪組成。歸位狀態(tài)為:氣爪閉,平移缸退,升降缸落,擺缸0°。一個工作循環(huán):氣爪閉氣爪開升降缸升平移缸進氣爪閉平移缸退擺缸180°平移缸進升降缸落 氣爪開平移缸退升降缸升擺缸0°。機械手可以完成翻譯,舉重和擺動臂爪抓取動作,由磁性接近開關安裝在每個氣缸的缸測試極限位置,然后由PLC實現位置控制。五兩位五通雙電動電磁閥安裝在收集器板,控制機械臂的平移、起重和擺動控制和上料盤的旋轉動作。1.3 PLC控制在上料單元中,檢測磁開關、位置缸材料盤沒有光電開關的工件,傳輸擁塞檢測傳感器和控制按鈕,PLC,總共14個輸入終端接收信號。電磁

10、閥來控制運動的輸出,故障信號和信號,共13個輸出終端?？梢赃x擇西門子s7 - 300的主要單位和從站之間的信息交換。2.系統(tǒng)的軟件設計PLC梯形圖程序的設計方法有經驗法和順序控制法兩種。順序控制設計法的基本思想是將系統(tǒng)的一個工作周期劃分為若干個順序相連的步,用編程元件(例如存儲器位M)來代表,在任何一步內各輸出量的狀態(tài)不變。使系統(tǒng)由當前步進入下一步的信號稱為轉換條件,它可以是外部的輸入信號,如按鈕、限位開關的通斷等。也可以是PLC內部產生的信號,如定時器和計數器的觸點信號。使用順序控制設計方法時,首先根據系統(tǒng)的工藝流程,所示的順序功能圖,再根據順序功能圖畫出梯形圖來完成程序設計。The ori

11、ginal textAutomatic production line PLC control of automatic feeding stationAutomatic production line is composed of the workpiece transmission system and control system, a set of automatic machine and auxiliary equipment in accordance with the process sequence, completion of all or part of the manu

12、facturing process production system, automatic line for short. The 20th century 20 s, as car, rolling bearings, small motor and sewing machines and other industrial development, machinery manufacturing industry began to appear in automatic production line, the first is the modular machine tool autom

13、atic line. In the 1920 s, first appeared in the automotive industry running water production line and semi-automatic production lines, and then developed into the automatic production line. After the second world war, in the machinery manufacturing industry in developed countries, the number of auto

14、matic production line has increased dramatically. Adopt the products of the automatic production line should be large enough, the product design and technology should be advanced, stable and reliable, remained largely unchanged for a long time. Automatic line for large, mass production can improve l

15、abor productivity, stability and improve product quality, improve labor condition, reduce the production area, reduce the production cost, shorten production cycle, guarantee the production of balance, significant economic benefits. Automatic production line of an intervention in a specified program

16、 or command automatic operation or control of process, our goal is to be stable, accurate and fast. Automation technology is widely used in industry, agriculture, military, scientific research, transportation, business, health, services, and family, such as automatic production line can not only mak

17、e people from heavy manual labor, parts of mental Labour and bad, dangerous working conditions, can expand human organ function, greatly improve the labor productivity, improve the ability of people to know the world, can change the world. Below I say under its scope of application: In mechanical ma

18、nufacturing casting, forging, stamping, heat treatment, welding, machining and mechanical assembly, automatic line, also to have the process including different properties, such as blank manufacturing, machining, assembly, testing and packaging of integrated automatic line. Processing and automatic

19、line fastest growing, most widely used machinery manufacturing. Mainly includes: used for processing box, shell, all kinds of parts, such as the combination machine tools automatic line; Used for machining shaft, plate part, by gm, specialization, or automatic machine automatic line; Rotor processin

20、g automatic line; Rotor automatic line, such as simple process, small parts. 1. Ensure the takt time: no matter what kind of products, are required to complete the time of production. 2. Unit process: only a product, the unit parts processing, assembly, processing and materials. 3. The guide: unders

21、tand the takt time for visual devices. 4. U-shaped line: calibration equipment in accordance with the project order counterclockwise, and a person in charge of export and entry. 5. AB control: only when there is no product engineering, product engineering, make the project. 6. Lighting: convey our p

22、roduct process change device. 7. After the engineering drawing: in the product line, in order to meet project requirements. Equipment connection: Automatic line of the connection device has two kinds of rigid connection and flexible connection. In rigid connection automatic line, there is no loading

23、 device, processing and transmission process has strict rhythm. When the suspension of equipment failure, will lead to shut down the government. Therefore, rigid connection of automatic production line work need high reliability of various equipment. In the automatic production line of flexible conn

24、ections, each working procedure (or parts) between the loading device, than don't have to be strict in each process is consistent, a brief pause, a device can be made by a storage device in a certain time to adjust the balance, thus will not affect the normal work of the other devices. Integrate

25、d automatic production line, assembly, automatic line and time combination machine tools automatic line usually adopt flexible connection. Components: Automatic line transmission system generally includes machine tools and the workpiece loading device, transmission device and load device. In rotor m

26、achining automatic line, transmission device, including gravity conveyor or force or feed conveyor trough, the promotion, transmission and distribution equipment, etc. Sometimes, the function of the manipulator to complete the transfer device. In combination machine tools automatic line artifacts ha

27、ve suitable conveyor foundation, USES the direct transmission mode, transmission equipment has a variety of stepping conveyor, transmission device and flip device irregular shape, without proper transmission based on the surface of the workpiece, usually in the tray location and transportation, this

28、 kind of situation will increase the pallet return equipment. Automatic production line control system is mainly used to ensure the machine tool driving system, artifacts, and auxiliary equipment in accordance with the relevant regulations of the normal work of the work cycle and interlocking requir

29、ements, test equipment and signal equipment and trouble. Adapt to the requirement of automatic production line of the debugging and running, there are three kinds of working state: control system, semi-automatic and automatic adjustment. Adjustments can be manual operation and adjustment, realize si

30、ngle machine every action; In the semi-automatic can realize single machine single work; In the automatic transmission machine can work continuously. Control system has its "stop" control function, parking, transfer machine in normal working conditions need to complete a work cycle, each m

31、achine's moving parts on back to its original position after parking. Other auxiliary equipment automatically set according to the requirements of process and automation degree, workpiece automatic detection devices such as washing machine, automatic tool change device, automatic chip system and

32、 cooling system, etc. In order to improve the productivity, automatic line must ensure that the work reliability of the automatic production line. Main factors influencing the reliability of the automatic production line of work is the reliability of the processing quality and the equipment and stab

33、le operation. The development direction of automatic production line mainly is to improve the productivity and increase the versatility and flexibility. In order to meet the needs of a variety of production, adjustment of development can be quickly adjustable automatic production line. This producti

34、on line is a set of teaching system based on PLC control, is also a set of modular production training system. It sets, sensors, PLC application and electric control of pneumatic and other technology in one, by the automatic feeding, transmission detection, vacuum sorting, color sorting, position ad

35、justment, spare parts supply and assembly blanking seven workstations, etc. The function of automatic feeding station is to provide other workstations artifacts. Artifacts by pneumatic manipulator grasping, through translation, lifting and swinging movements, such as on the conveyor belt, and then r

36、eturn to the in situ. 1. The hardware design of the system Automatic feeding unit module is the start of the automatic production line system, mainly by the workpiece loading and launching device, stents, valve group, terminal components, PLC, button, groove bottom, etc. Main function is to be place

37、d in a bunker workpiece automatically pushed to the material plate, so that the manipulator grasping and transmission of transport unit. Have both manual and automatic operation mode. Before the operation should ensure that feed plate material. 1.1 action process Feeding unit main body is a rotating

38、 tray, tray set on two tubular bin. In the position of the dish on the corresponding material installed diffuse photoelectric switch, function is to detect material served on plates. When the workpiece will reach position, photoelectric switch to detect the existence of the workpiece, and the system

39、 to provide the unit disk material artifacts signal. In conveying unit control program, you can use the signals of the state of the component to drive the manipulator device, to travel. This under the action of gravity, the workpiece automatically move down the artifacts, ready for the next grab art

40、ifacts. If the current plate without artifacts, material plate will continue to test the expected position under program control. Until the two dishes no artifacts, material plate stop running. 1.2 the pneumatic circuit design Pneumatic actuator, control loop is the unit of work consists of pneumati

41、c manipulator and feeding wheel, finish loading and discharge. Manipulator in structure consists of two straight line of cylinder, a swinging cylinder and claw. Place status to: paw closed gas, shift cylinder, lifting cylinder, cylinder 0 °. A working cycle: the paw closed - gas claws open - qi

42、 - translation cylinder into - claw gas cylinder closed - translational cylinder to cylinder 180 °, back translation cylinder into the gas - lift cylinder fall - claw open to shift cylinder annealing, lifting cylinder to cylinder 0 °. Robots can do translation, lifting and swinging arm claw grasping motion, by magnetic proximity switch installed in each cylinder cylinder test limit position, and then by the PLC to realize position control. WuLiangWei five-way double electric solenoid valve installed on the collector plate, control of mechanical arm translation, lifting and swingin