Nonverbal_Communication

1、Nonverbal Communication.Presentation2012Apr.19thGroup 10. 周以帖 何芬娟 秋懿婷 孔雯昭Interculcultural communicationlist定義作用意義形式障礙差異進(jìn)步方法相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)LISTDefinitionFunctionsFormsSignificanceBarriersCultural differencesWays to improveRelated studies & ReferencesNonverbal communication is a process in which communicator

2、s use the natural features of their bodies to deliver information and express specific meaning instinctively to the other communicator.DefinitionNonverbal CommunicationNonspoken symbolSpecific messageIntentional（有意的） useBy 何芬娟SignificanceSilence is gold.First, nonverbal behavior accounts for much of

3、 the meaning we get from conversations.Second, nonverbal behavior is significant because it spontaneously(自然地) reflects the subconsciousness（潛意識(shí)）.A third reason that nonverbal communication is significant is that we cannot avoid communicating.By 何芬娟FunctionsRepeatingComplementingContradictingSubstit

4、utingRegulatingBy 何芬娟帖以周By帖以周ByFormsCategories general appearance and dress Facial expressions body movements and posture gestures eye contact touch space voiceBy周以帖FormsCategories general appearance and dressMuslin girlsJapanese girlsBy周以帖FormsCategories Facial expressionsIn a Chinese classroom a g

5、irl was asked to answer a question. She stood up and smiled, without making any sound.When an American is parking his bicycle and bicycle accidentally falls over, he feels embarrassed at his awkwardness, and is quite angered and humiliated when Chinese onlookers laugh.Japanese men go so far as to hi

6、de anger, sorrow or disgust by laughing or smiling.By周以帖FormsCategories body movements and posture A man and a woman met on the train platform. Will the woman accept the mans greeting friendly?By周以帖FormsCategories body movements and postureMaMan: “half smhalf smil le” exprpressssio on a r a relalaxe

7、d pos posit tio on “s snapap” gestursture bobody or orientattatio onWomaoman: “frowfrowning” exprpressssio on “chchin up up” fac facial al posposit tio on “bacbacking” postur posture LLegs tos togethther r Feet pot point ting inwarwards s NO！By周以帖FormsCategories posture In western countries, people

8、who stand are more important than those who sit (unless there is a table between them), because the former could control the latter.By周以帖FormsCategories posture In Japan, mutual bowing is largely determined by rank. “bowing contest” Bend slightly to ones right Becoming automatic movement, e.g. bow w

9、hen making phone callBy周以帖FormsCategories gesturesBy周以帖FormsCategories gesturesBy周以帖FormsCategories eye contact Generally speaking, if you look at your partners eyes from time to time while speaking, youll be regarded as sociable, friendly, confident and frank. If you avoid eye contact, youll be reg

10、arded as cold, distant, unconfident and not involved in the conversation. By周以帖FormsCategories touchJourard sat in coffee shops in four different cities. Whenever he saw people touch, he recorded the touch. His records are as followed: Saainthorthorn ( (Porto orto Rico)co): 18 180 Pararis s: 1 1022

11、Gynswswer re ( (Florlorida)a): 2 2 Lo Londo on: 0By周以帖FormsCategories touchBy周以帖FormsCategories space Space includes the personal space and territoriality.（領(lǐng)土）（領(lǐng)土） Animals and human beings both stake out to defend their territories. The territorial invasion of a country may lead to the declaration o

12、f war. But people as individuals may not be so pugnacious (好斗的好斗的). A more tangible（明確的）（明確的） form of communication between people is the use and control of space. By周以帖FormsCategories spaceNorth Americans distance habit 050cmcm: int timatmate lov lovers ars and fam famil ly m membmbersrs 5012120cmc

13、m: frfriends (ps (persorsonal al distastanc ce) ) 1212027270cmcm: acacquauaintatanc ces (socs (social al distastanc ce) ) 27270cmcm: publpublic spacc space, not bot belolong to o to ones selflf Beh hind: strastrangers sprs speaaking from b from beh hind ar are allow allowed to sta to stand much mor

14、much more neararer r.By周以帖FormsCategories voice The English always speak in lower voice than Chinese when they make speech or a lecture, or talking with each other, or phoning. But Chinese often speak in loud voice in the aforesaid occasions. American are more skilled in regulating their voice volum

15、e and use very many different volume levels depending on the size of the audience and the physical environment.By秋懿婷婷懿秋ByBarriersLinguistic（語言的）Lack of Non-verbal Cues（提示）Emotional Trauma（心靈創(chuàng)傷）External （外部的）NoiseListening BarriersPerception BarriersOral BarriersCultural DifferencesBy 秋懿婷Cultural dif

16、ferences can influence the way you interpret messages.For example, some cultures believe that lack of eye contact is a sign of respect. Other cultures believe that lack of eye contact is a symbol of insincerity（無誠意）.Cultural DifferencesBy 秋懿婷MeaningGesturecountriesyesShaking ones headBulgaria, parts

17、 of Greece, IranNo Shaking ones headOther countriesGreet friendsKiss on the cheek FranceRussiaA firm handshakeOther countriesA loving hugA bow/ a nod of headIn Arab countries, you eat using the fingers of your right hand; the left hand is not used at all.Is there anything wrong in the pictures?Is th

18、ere anything wrong in the pictures?In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.昭雯孔ByWays to improve Pay attention to inconsistencies（矛盾）（矛盾）. Nonverbal communication should reinforce（增強(qiáng)）（增強(qiáng)） what is being said. Is the person is saying one thing, and their body languag

19、e something else? Look at nonverbal communication signals as a group. Dont read too much into a single gesture or nonverbal cue. Consider all of the nonverbal signals you are receiving, from eye contact to tone of voice and body language. Taken together, are their nonverbal cues consistent(一致的一致的)or

20、 inconsistentwith what their words are saying? Trust your instincts. Dont dismiss your gut feelings. If you get the sense that someone isnt being honest or that something isnt adding up, you may be picking up on a mismatch between verbal and nonverbal cues. Related studies & Referencesstudyautho

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