步步高-2016中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)課件英語-動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)(共45張)

1、目錄頁CONTENTS PAGE第一部分考點梳理 第二部分詞語辨析 目錄目錄頁CONTENTS PAGE第一部分考點梳理考點一?？嫉母鞣N時態(tài)的用法及構(gòu)成時態(tài)用法構(gòu)成時間狀語例句一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。表動作： .第三人稱單數(shù)主語動詞第三人稱單數(shù)； .其他人稱動詞原形sometimes, often, usually, always, never, in the morning/afternoon/evening, every day, on Sunday(s)等He leaves home for school at 7 every morning.他每天早上7點離開家去學(xué)校。表示

2、經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的狀態(tài)(表示主語具備的性格、特征和能力等)；表示客觀真理。表狀態(tài)：主語am/is/are表語1.I am a little hungry and tired. 我又餓又累。2Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中國東部?？键c一?？嫉母鞣N時態(tài)的用法及構(gòu)成時態(tài)用法構(gòu)成時間狀語例句一般過去時表示過去曾經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作。表動作： 主語動詞的過去式y(tǒng)esterday, last night (Monday, week, month, year), in 2010, three months ago, just now等When I was a child,

3、 I often played football in the street.當(dāng)我還是個孩子時，我經(jīng)常在街上踢足球。表示過去曾經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。表狀態(tài)：主語was/were表語What were you busy with yesterday? 你昨天忙什么了？考點一?？嫉母鞣N時態(tài)的用法及構(gòu)成時態(tài)用法構(gòu)成時間狀語例句一般將來時表示將來發(fā)生的動作。I. shall/will動詞原形；II. be going to動詞原形tomorrow, next year, in two years, from now on, in the future等They are going to have a spor

4、ts meeting in a week.他們一周后要舉行一場運動會。表示將來發(fā)生存在的狀態(tài)。I. shall/willbe表語；II. be going tobe表語Will you be at home at 7 this evening？今晚7點你會在家嗎？考點一?？嫉母鞣N時態(tài)的用法及構(gòu)成時態(tài)用法構(gòu)成時間狀語例句現(xiàn)在進行時表示說話時或現(xiàn)階段正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。is/am/are動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(v.ing)now, at the moment, at present, these days等We are having an English class now.我們現(xiàn)在正在上英語課。過去進

5、行時表示過去某個時刻或某一階段正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。was/were動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(v.ing)at this time yesterday, at 9 last night及when引導(dǎo)的從句等They were watching TV at 7 last night.昨晚7點他們正在看電視?？键c一常考的各種時態(tài)的用法及構(gòu)成時態(tài)用法構(gòu)成時間狀語例句現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果；表示過去已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。I.表動作have/has動詞的過去分詞II.表狀態(tài) have/has been表語already, just, yet, e

6、ver, never, before, for時間段， since時間點/一般過去時的從句， ever since, so far, in the past/lastyears等1.I havent received his letter for almost a month.將近一個月了我都沒有收到過他的信。2He has been away from England since 2005.自從2005年以來，他已離開了英國?？键c一?？嫉母鞣N時態(tài)的用法及構(gòu)成 注意：come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移動的動詞可用現(xiàn)在進行時表示即將發(fā)生的或計劃好的事情。如： Im lea

7、ving tomorrow.我明天動身。 ()1. Dont disturb Allen now. He _for the Spelling Bee Competition. Aprepares Bprepared C. is preparing Dwill prepare考點鏈接C 解析：C考查時態(tài)。由now, 可以判斷用現(xiàn)在進行時。 所以答案選C。 ()2. I didnt see you at the beginning of the party last night. I _ on my biology report at that time. Aworked Bwork Cwas w

8、orking Dam working考點鏈接C 解析：C考查時態(tài)。at the time在那個時候，由此可見是過去那個點正在做某事。 () 3 .Todays young people cant live without smart phones. They keep their hands on the phones wherever they go, even while they _meals. Ahad Bwill have Care having Dwere having考點鏈接C 解析：C此題考查 while引導(dǎo)的從句常用現(xiàn)在進行時。根據(jù)題意，當(dāng)他們正在吃飯的時候。 () 4 .

9、Your shoes are so old. Why dont you buy a new pair? Because I _ all my money on an MP5. Aspend Bhave spent Cam spending Dwas spending考點鏈接B 解析 ：B根據(jù)句子的意思，我把所有的錢都花在買MP5上了，強調(diào)影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時。 ()5 . Alan, its late.Why not go to bed? Jenny hasnt come back yet.I _ for her. Awaited Bhave waited Cam waiting Dwas wa

10、iting考點鏈接C 解析：C由題意可知是“正在等她”，且由“its late”可知表示現(xiàn)在，故用現(xiàn)在進行時。 () 6 . Shush, be quiet! The baby _ in the next room. OK, sorry. Asleeps Bslept Cis sleeping Dsleep考點鏈接C 解析：C由題意可知是“寶寶正在睡覺”，故用現(xiàn)在進行時。 1一般情況直接加s。如： stopstopslooklooksreadreads 2以s, x, ch, sh, o結(jié)尾的動詞加es。如： missmissesfixfixeswatchwatches washwashesd

11、odoes 3輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，變y為i再加es。如： hurryhurriescrycriescarrycarries 4be 動詞的三種形式：am, is, are 5特殊：havehas考點二動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)1規(guī)則動詞： (1)一般情況直接加ed。如： rainrainedcleancleanedwatchwatched (2)以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，只加d。如： livelivedlikelikedmovemoved (3)以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，雙寫該輔音字母，再加ed。如： dropdroppedstopstoppedplanplanned (4)以輔音字母加

12、y結(jié)尾的動詞，應(yīng)變y為i再加ed。如： carrycarriedstudystudiedcrycried2不規(guī)則動詞：不規(guī)則動詞過去式和過去分詞的變化規(guī)律性不強，只能分別記憶?？键c三動詞的過去式和過去分詞1一般情況在詞尾加ing。如： listenlisteningdodoingstudystudying2以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，去e加ing。如： havehavingmakemaking3以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，雙寫該輔音字母，再加ing。如： runrunninggetgettingbeginbeginning4以字母ie結(jié)尾的動詞，變ie為y再加ing。如： diedyin

13、glielying考點四動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞1短暫性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞 短暫性動詞可用于完成時態(tài)，但不能與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，也不能用于how long引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句中。如需使用，此時要將短暫性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞。如：考點五現(xiàn)在完成時中的一些重要用法短暫性動詞延續(xù)性動詞例句leavebe awayHe has been away from his university for 24 years.buyhaveMy daughter has had that phone since two weeks ago.borrowkeepWe have kept the books for thre

14、e days.考點五現(xiàn)在完成時中的一些重要用法短暫性動詞延續(xù)性動詞例句becomebeEvan and I have been friends since we were children.diebe deadMy pet cat has been dead for 3 days.begin/startbe onThe film has been on for 10 minutes.end/finishbe overThe meeting has been over for half an hour.考點五現(xiàn)在完成時中的一些重要用法短暫性動詞延續(xù)性動詞例句openbe openThis sho

15、p has been open for several months.closebe closedThat factory has been closed since last week.joinbe a member/inHe has been in the club for a year.go/come/reach/get/arrivebe in here/thereThey have been here since a year ago.考點五現(xiàn)在完成時中的一些重要用法短暫性動詞延續(xù)性動詞例句fall ill/asleepbe ill/asleepThe old man has been

16、 ill for a week.get marriedbe marriedMy parents have been married since 16 years ago.catch a coldhave a coldI have had a cold for a few days.() 1 . Lei Feng _ for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us. Adied Bhas died C. was dead Dhas been dead 考點鏈接D 解析：D考查現(xiàn)在完成時。由for many years 得知用現(xiàn)在完成時

17、。因為die是瞬間動詞，用于現(xiàn)在完成時的時候需要用be dead。() 2 . What do you think of the new foreign teacher Thomson? Pretty good. I think he _ a great job so far. Adoes Bdid Chas done Dwas done考點鏈接C 解析：C本題考查動詞時態(tài)，我認(rèn)為目前他已經(jīng)做得很好了。so far表示到目前為止，用完成時。 () 3 . Our English teacher is very nice. We _ friends since three years ago.

18、Awere Bbecame Chave been Dhave made考點鏈接C 解析：C由since three years ago可以判斷該句用現(xiàn)在完成時。make friends交朋友，make是短暫性動詞，不能和一段時間連用。故用be friends。 ()4 . Do you know her well? Sure.We _ friends since ten years ago. Awere Bhave made Chave been Dhave become考點鏈接C 解析：C根據(jù)后面的since ten years ago可知用現(xiàn)在完成時，且make和become均為短暫性動詞

19、，不能與一段時間連用，故用have been。2. 幾組詞的區(qū)別Ihave/has gone to, have/has been to和have/has been in的區(qū)別考點五現(xiàn)在完成時中的一些重要用法have been to強調(diào)“去過某地”，人已經(jīng)回來了。和ever，never，before等連用 Have you been to our town before？你以前曾經(jīng)去過我們鎮(zhèn)嗎？have gone to強調(diào)“在去某地的路上或在某地”，人還未回來。 Has he gone to Qingdao？他去青島了嗎？have been in強調(diào)“一直待在某地”，常與一段時間連用。常和“fo

20、r一段時間”或“since時間點”或how long連用He has been here since 1989.他自從1989年就在這兒了。II.already，yet考點五現(xiàn)在完成時中的一些重要用法already已經(jīng)，用于肯定句，放句中。I have already read the book.yet用于否定句，是“還，仍然”；用于疑問句，是“已經(jīng)”，放句尾。I havent read the book yet.Have you finished your homework yet？III. for，since考點五現(xiàn)在完成時中的一些重要用法forfor一段時間I have worked h

21、ere for a year. sincesince過去某一時間點/一般過去時I have worked here since 2009.I have worked here since I came here last year.It is/has been一段時間since 句子(一般過去時)Its a year since I worked here. ()Sam_ Chinese since he came to China. He speaks good Chinese now. Alearns Blearned Chas learned Dwill learn考點鏈接C 解析：C根

22、據(jù)后面的since可知用現(xiàn)在完成時。3現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別 (1)現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)過去動作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)；一般過去時僅強調(diào)在過去某一時刻曾經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。如： He has studied English for five years. 他學(xué)英語五年了。(說明他現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)) He studied English for five years. 他曾學(xué)過五年英語。 (只說明他過去學(xué)過五年英語，但現(xiàn)在學(xué)不學(xué)就不知道了)考點五現(xiàn)在完成時中的一些重要用法 ()Our math teacher _ in our school for 20 years and he _

23、 here when he was 23 years old. Ahas taught; has come Btaught; comes Ctaught; came Dhas taught; came考點鏈接D 解析：D我們數(shù)學(xué)老師在我們學(xué)校教書20年了，當(dāng)他23歲的時候他就來到這里了。由for 20 years可知，動作從20年前持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，故要用現(xiàn)在完成時；由時間狀語從句“when he was 23 years old”可知，動作發(fā)生在23歲時，故要用一般過去時。選D。英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)主動語態(tài)：主語是動作的發(fā)出者。She cleans the room every day.被動語態(tài)：主

24、語是動作的承受者。The room is cleaned every day.考點六被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成四種必考的語態(tài)構(gòu)成例句一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)主am/is/are動詞過去分詞Trees are planted every spring.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)主was/were動詞過去分詞She was invited to the party.一般將來時的被動語態(tài)主will/be going to be動詞過去分詞Some pictures will be shown next week.情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)主can/may/must/should be動詞過去分詞The book can be k

25、ept for a week.() 1 . Have you heard of the song Little Apple? Yes. It _ every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs. Ais played Bplays C. was played D played考點鏈接A 解析：A考查被動語態(tài)。 小蘋果被樓下的老人們作為廣場舞的歌曲。由every morning 可知用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，所以選A。 ()2 . Although Flight MH370 has been missing for month

26、s, I do believe it _ some day in the future. Awill find Bwont find Cwill be found Dwont be found考點鏈接C 解析：C考查被動語態(tài)，根據(jù)句意，盡管MH370航班已經(jīng)失蹤數(shù)月，但是我仍相信在不久的將來會被找到。 () 3 . The 16th Asian Games _ in Guangzhou in November, 2010. Aholds Bwill hold Cwas held Dwill be held考點鏈接C 解析：C由時間狀語“in November, 2010”可知要用一般過去時，且

27、Asian Games是hold這一動作的承擔(dān)者，故用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。選C。1雙賓語的被動語態(tài)。 . 跟雙賓語的及物動詞變成被動語態(tài)時，將間接賓語(指物)或直接賓語變(指人)為主語。如： They gave the children many good books. The children were given many good books. Many good books were given to the children. 考點七被動語態(tài)要注意的事項1雙賓語的被動語態(tài)。 . 及物動詞give，send, take, bring, teach, show, tell, pass等

28、，常常帶有兩個賓語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時可以將其中一個賓語改為主語，另一個保留不動。當(dāng)直接賓語作主語時，在間接賓語前面加上介詞to。如： They gave the visitors a warm welcome. The visitors were given a warm welcome. A warm welcome was given to the visitors. 考點七被動語態(tài)要注意的事項1雙賓語的被動語態(tài)。 . 及物動詞buy, make, find, get, draw等， 在被動語態(tài)中被保留的間接賓語前通常加for，此時for不可以省略。如： Mother bought me a

29、 computer. A computer was bought for me. 2感官動詞 see, watch, hear, notice, feel和使役動詞 make, let, have的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳洌谥鲃诱Z態(tài)中是不帶to的不定式作賓補，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時要加上to。如： We often hear him sing in the next room. He is often heard to sing in the next room. 考點七被動語態(tài)要注意的事項3短語動詞在被動語態(tài)中不能漏掉其中的介詞或副詞。如： My son is looked after by his g

30、randma. 4不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。常見詞有：happen, take place，break out, come out等。如： The story happened on a cold night. The food tasted delicious.考點七被動語態(tài)要注意的事項5表示客觀的說明常用“It is過去分詞that從句”句型。這類句型有： It is said that據(jù)說 It is known to all that眾所周知 It is reported that據(jù)報道 It is believed that大家相信6文章的標(biāo)題、廣告、新聞等用語也常使用被動語態(tài)。如

31、： Teachers Wanted.招聘老師。(省略are) Road Blocked.道路堵塞。(省略is)考點七被動語態(tài)要注意的事項 1be covered by/be covered with 覆蓋 Be careful. The desk is covered with water. 2be worn out 穿壞，用舊 His shoes are worn out. He needs a new pair. 3be sold out賣完 These houses were sold out last year.考點八常用于被動語態(tài)的詞組考點八常用于被動語態(tài)的詞組be used for doing sth.被用來做某事Pens are