高中英語必修5unit1greatscientists課件doc資料

1、高中英語必修5Unit1Greatscientists課件Who is he?Who is he?He has made a famous kite experiment.He learned a lot from it and invented lightning rod (避雷針避雷針).).He is Benjamin FranklinNever leave that until tomorrow, which you can do today.今日事今日事, ,今日畢。今日畢。Who is he?Who is he?He is called the greatest scientist

2、 in the 20th century.He is famous for the Theory of Relativity.He is Albert EinsteinImagination is more important than knowledgeimaginativeWho is he?Who is he?He made the first telescope in the world.His observations show that the earth movesaround the sun.He is Galileo GalileiYou cannot teach a man

3、 anything. You can only help him find it within himself.你不可能把一切都教給一個人你不可能把一切都教給一個人, ,你只能幫助你只能幫助他從內(nèi)心去發(fā)現(xiàn)他從內(nèi)心去發(fā)現(xiàn)( (和了解和了解) )事物。事物。What do you know about great scientists? Try this quiz and find out who knows the most.1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps

4、 them float?Archimedes(287-212 BC) an ancient Greek mathematician & physicist2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?Charles Darwin (1808-1882) British author of The Origin of Species 3. Who invented the first steam engine?Thomas Newcomen4.Who used

5、peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Czech (捷克人捷克人)Marie CurieNothing in life is to be feared. It is only to beunderstood.生活中沒有什么可怕的東西生活中沒有什么可怕的東西, ,只有需要理解的東西。只有需要理解的東西。5. Who discovered radium?The power of radiumThomas Alva Ed

6、isonGenius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.天才就是百分之九十九的汗水加上天才就是百分之九十九的汗水加上百分之一的靈感。百分之一的靈感。6. Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?The Inventions of Thomas Edison Phonograph (留聲機留聲機)Lightbulb(電燈泡電燈泡)Motion Pictures(電影電影)7.Who was the p

7、ainter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people? Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Italian artistLast SupperMona Lisa8.Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829)BritishMiniature(小型的小型的) Miners Safety Lamp the Safety Lamp 9.Who invented the earliest

8、 instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?Zhang Hengseismograph10.Who put forward a theory about black hole?Stephen Hawking(1942-)BritishA Brief History of Timemade a great contribution.made great achievements.succeeded in their scientific career.overcome many difficulties. common charac

9、teristicscautiouspersuasivestrictpositiveCo-operativecreativebrightenthusiastic遺傳學(xué)遺傳學(xué)電電浮力定理浮力定理鐳鐳進化論進化論畫家畫家蒸汽機蒸汽機礦工安全礦工安全燈燈黑洞理論黑洞理論地動儀地動儀阿基米德阿基米德 Archimedes達爾文達爾文 Charles Darwin紐可門紐可門 Thomas Newcomen孟德爾孟德爾 Gregor Mendel居里夫人居里夫人 Marie Curie愛迪生愛迪生 Thomas Edison達芬奇達芬奇 Leonardo de Vinci漢弗來漢弗來.戴維戴維爵士爵士Si

10、r Humphry Davy張衡張衡 Zhang Heng斯蒂芬斯蒂芬.霍金霍金 Stephen HawkingMatch the names and what they famous for.1. discover & inventinvent v. 發(fā)明發(fā)明, 發(fā)明原先不存在的東西發(fā)明原先不存在的東西Who invented the steam engine? 誰發(fā)明了蒸汽機誰發(fā)明了蒸汽機?discover v. 發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn), 探索或揭示早就客觀探索或揭示早就客觀存在著事物存在著事物Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥倫布于哥倫布于1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。

11、年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。Who discovered radium? 誰發(fā)現(xiàn)了鐳誰發(fā)現(xiàn)了鐳?Language Points 2. explain explain sb. sth.explain sth. to sb. 3. characteristic n./adj.Some genetic characteristics are not obvious.The two groups of children have quite different characteristics.Forgetfulness is often characteristic of aged people.(T)(F)特有的

12、特有的,典型的典型的1)The tradition is _ their ancestors.2) This spirit should be passed _ from generation to generation.3) Pass the letter _ to the person next to you .4) So many people pass _ and never notice the change.passed fromdownonby 4. pass sth from 從從處傳來處傳來, 傳下傳下 pass by 路過路過, 經(jīng)過經(jīng)過 pass down 把把傳下來傳下

13、來 pass on 傳遞傳遞, 傳授傳授5.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?是誰發(fā)明了把電帶給大城市中的每個人的辦法是誰發(fā)明了把電帶給大城市中的每個人的辦法?the way of doing sth.= the way to do “做做.的方法的方法”She showed us the way of cleaning it.= She showed us the way to clean it.她給我們示范清洗它的辦法她給我們示范清洗它的辦法.the way引導(dǎo)的定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有

14、三種引導(dǎo)的定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有三種, 可以用可以用that; 可以用可以用in which; 還可以省略還可以省略.I dont like the way _ you speak to your father.我不喜歡你跟你父親講話的方式我不喜歡你跟你父親講話的方式. 與與way相關(guān)的短語相關(guān)的短語:by the wayby way of lose ones wayno wayfeel ones wayon ones way toin this way=by this means=with this method(that/ in which)用這種方法用這種方法順便說順便說通過通過的方法的方法

15、迷路迷路(俚語俚語)沒門沒門, 別想別想摸黑走摸黑走, 謹(jǐn)慎從事謹(jǐn)慎從事在去在去的路上的路上6.Who put forward a theory about black holes?誰提出了黑洞的理論誰提出了黑洞的理論?put forward(1) 提出提出(建議等建議等)(2) 推薦某人或自己任職位推薦某人或自己任職位; 提名提名我能否提名你當(dāng)我們的班長我能否提名你當(dāng)我們的班長?May I put your name forward as our monitor?The match has been put forward to 1:30.比賽已經(jīng)提前到一點半舉行。比賽已經(jīng)提前到一點半舉行。

16、他在會議上提出了一個計劃。他在會議上提出了一個計劃。 He put forward a plan at the meeting.他們把婚禮的日期提前了一周。他們把婚禮的日期提前了一周。They put forward the date of their wedding by one week.我們將把講座的日期提前我們將把講座的日期提前/延期到延期到9月月9號。號。Well put forward/put off the date of the lecture to September 9th. Their wedding has been called off(取消取消).put away

17、拋棄拋棄;舍棄舍棄 put down 寫下來寫下來; 記入名單記入名單put on 穿上穿上; 戴上戴上; 增加增加 put off 耽誤耽誤; 延期延期put out 熄滅熄滅(燈燈); 撲滅撲滅 (火火) put up 建立建立; 建造建造put up with 忍受忍受 You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _ the books when youve finished with them. put on B. put down C. put back D. put offC Unit 1 Great scie

18、ntistsReading高二人教新課標(biāo)版必修五高二人教新課標(biāo)版必修五Pre-reading 1.What impresses you most in 2003?Which person impresses you most during the SARS?What other infectious diseases do you know?For example: When you eat some food that is not freshYou may feelMaybe you have got _.Choleradraw a conclusionthink of a methodc

19、ollect resultsmake a questionfind a problemanalyse the resultsfind supporting evidencefind a problemmake a questionthink of a methodcollect resultsanalyse the resultsdraw a conclusionHow to prove a new idea in scientific research?find supporting evidenceJohn Snow defeats “King cholera”John Snow defe

20、ats “king cholera”What can you learn from the title?人物：人物：事件：事件：defeats cholera Who is John Snow?What happened to them? attended her as her personal physicianQueen VictoriaJohn Snow 約翰約翰.斯諾斯諾(1813 1858), 英國麻醉學(xué)家、英國麻醉學(xué)家、流行病專家。他首次提出了流行病專家。他首次提出了預(yù)防霍亂的措施。預(yù)防霍亂的措施。1854年年, 倫敦霍亂流行倫敦霍亂流行, 斯諾通過研究斯諾通過研究霍亂病死者的日常

21、生活情況霍亂病死者的日常生活情況, 尋找到他們的共同行為模式尋找到他們的共同行為模式,發(fā)現(xiàn)了霍亂與飲用不潔水的發(fā)現(xiàn)了霍亂與飲用不潔水的關(guān)系關(guān)系, 由于及時切斷了二者由于及時切斷了二者的聯(lián)系的聯(lián)系, 有效制止了霍亂的有效制止了霍亂的流行。流行。Four outbreaks of cholera in the 1830s and 1840s killed many people in England. In 1854, “the most terrible outbreak of cholera which ever occurred in the kingdom” began. It was s

22、o violent and sudden that 127 people died in the first three days.The terrible choleraBacteria / germs of cholera Name of illness Symptom(癥狀癥狀) Aftereffect(后果后果)What was the cause of this illness? How did John Snow find it out?Skim the text and find the main idea of the text. The passage is mainly a

23、bout: _ How John Snow found the cause of the cholera and defeated it. Fastreading:Read the passage quickly and find the number below and the relevant happenings in the passage.Two theoriesIn 1854500 , 10The first suggested thatmultiplied in the air; The second suggestedabsorbed this disease into the

24、ir bodies with their meals.Another outbreak hit London.More than 500 people had died in 10 days.16, 37, 38 and 4020, 21; 8, 97These numbers in Broad Street near the water pump had many of the deaths20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street had no deaths.They didnt drink the water from the

25、Broad Street pump.These families worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.16372089pump3840BROAD STREETCAMBRIDGE STREET21John Snows Cholera Map7PubWhat is the problem?The cholera was the most deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.What caused cholera?Make a question:

26、 Which theory to believe in? Cholera multiplied in the air without reason. A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.People absorbed it with their meals.Which one do you believe more?What about John Snow?A map of Broad StreetWhat method did he use?Broad StreetMany deaths

27、 happened here.No death happened here.It seemed the water from the pump was to blame. What did he do next?Public house(Para 6) What was another supporting evidence?(Para 5) He looked into the source of the waterJohn Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.Read

28、the passage and number these events in the order that they happened.John Snow began to test two theories.An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.He announced that the water carried the disease.John Snow marked the deaths on a map. 2147Carefulreading:King Cholera was defeated.He found that most of

29、the deaths were near a water pump.He had the handle removed from the water pump.John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.3856Para-graphStages in an experimentExample in this investigation1Find a problem2Make a question3Think of a methodWhat cause cholera?Which theory is

30、correct?Collect data on those who were ill or died and where they got their water.Fill in the blanks. 4Collect results5Analyse results6find supporting evidence7Draw a conclusionPlot information on a map to find out where people died or did not die.Analyse the water to see if that is the cause of the

31、 illness.Find other evidence to support the analysis.The water is to blame. The source of all drinking water should be examined so that it is safe.draw a conclusionfind a problemmake a questionthink of a methodcollect resultsanalyse the resultsrepeat if necessaryMatch themPara 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Par

32、a 5Para 6Para 7Prevention of Cholera1. John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?KEY: John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.Read

33、 and answer the questions.2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map? Give a reason.KEY: No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that

34、 had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. Cholera was a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?KEY: Four diseases, which are similar today, are SARS, AIDS, TB(肺結(jié)核肺結(jié)核) and bird-flu, bec

35、ause they are both very serious, have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.1. The passage mainly tells us that _. the cause of cholera was polluted water B. John Snow was a well-known doctor in LondonC. the source of all drinking water should be examinedD. John Snow did some re

36、search and helped to solve “King Cholera”Choose the best answer. D 2. What was the key help for John Snows discovery?A. The government. B. The woman moving away from Broad Street.C. The water company.D. The map made by himself.D John Snow was a well-known _ in London in the _ century. He wanted to f

37、ind the _ of cholera in order to _ it. In 1854 when a cholera _ out, he began to gather information.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokeHe _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the _ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried c

38、holera. He suggested that the _ of all water supply be _ and new methods of _ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.markedpumpsourceexamineddealingWhat should we pay attention to in our daily life in order not to get infected with cholera? Heal the food left overnightCoo

39、k raw food thoroughlyWash hands oftenKeep away from flieschoose fresh sea foodKeep the kitchen cleanDispose rubbish properly.Drink boiled waterDiscussion1. know about 了解有關(guān)了解有關(guān).的情況的情況know of 聽說過聽說過1)有些事我想了解一下。有些事我想了解一下。There is something I want to know about.2)我聽說過那件事我聽說過那件事, 但不很清楚。但不很清楚。I know of it

40、 , but I didnt know it well.Language points2. conclude: v. 作結(jié)論作結(jié)論, 斷定斷定 The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪審團認(rèn)定他有罪。陪審團認(rèn)定他有罪。 to conclude: 總而言之總而言之, 總之總之 To conclude, I want to thank you for your help. conclusion: n. 結(jié)論結(jié)論得出結(jié)論得出結(jié)論arrive atdraw/reach come toa conclusion1) 那些都是事實那些都是事實, 你能從中得出什么結(jié)論你

41、能從中得出什么結(jié)論?Those are the facts; what do you conclude from them?2) 我得出結(jié)論你在說謊。我得出結(jié)論你在說謊。I came to/drew /reached the conclusion the conclusion that you were lying.3)根據(jù)這些事實根據(jù)這些事實, 我們能對金字塔是如何我們能對金字塔是如何建成的得出一些結(jié)論。建成的得出一些結(jié)論。From these facts, we can draw some conclusions about how the pyramids were built.3. d

42、efeat v./ n.He defeated the champion in three sets.His words completely defeated me.The Party faces defeat in the election.擊敗擊敗, 戰(zhàn)勝戰(zhàn)勝使困惑使困惑win / beat /defeat win “贏得贏得, 獲勝獲勝”, 后接獎品后接獎品, 獎金獎金, 名譽名譽, 財產(chǎn)財產(chǎn)beat “擊敗擊敗, 戰(zhàn)勝戰(zhàn)勝”, 后接競爭隊伍或者對手后接競爭隊伍或者對手, 敵人敵人defeat “擊敗，戰(zhàn)勝擊敗，戰(zhàn)勝”, 后接競爭隊伍或者后接競爭隊伍或者對手對手, 敵人敵人, (此用法

43、同此用法同beat), 疾病等。疾病等。1) Mary _ the first place in the competition.2) Our school _ their school at football.3) I _ John at chess yesterday.wonbeat / defeatedbeat / defeated4. John Snow was a famous doctor in London-so expert, indeed, that be attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.約翰約翰. .斯諾曾

44、經(jīng)是一位著名的醫(yī)生斯諾曾經(jīng)是一位著名的醫(yī)生-他的確他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛醫(yī)術(shù)精湛, ,因而成了維多利亞女王的私人大夫。因而成了維多利亞女王的私人大夫。1) expert n. 專家專家; 高手高手; 權(quán)威權(quán)威an agricultural expert 農(nóng)業(yè)專家農(nóng)業(yè)專家an expert with the computer 電腦高手電腦高手expert 也可以作形容詞也可以作形容詞, “熟練的熟練的; 老練的老練的;經(jīng)驗經(jīng)驗(或知識或知識)豐富的豐富的”an expert rider 熟練的騎手熟練的騎手 an expert opinion 內(nèi)行的意見內(nèi)行的意見照看照看, 照料照料 如如:醫(yī)生照看病人

45、。醫(yī)生照看病人。The doctor attended (on / upon) the patients.出席出席, 到場到場 如如:attend school 上學(xué)上學(xué)attend a lecture 聽講座聽講座attend church 去教堂去教堂attend (at) a wedding 出席婚禮出席婚禮2) attend v.注意注意, 留意留意 如如:Well attend to the solution of that problem later. attend to 處理處理, 辦理辦理 我有許多事情要處理。我有許多事情要處理。 照顧照顧, 照料照料先生先生, 有人接待你嗎？

46、有人接待你嗎？Are you being attended to ?If you go out, Ill attend to the baby. 專心專心, 注意注意If you dont attend to the teacher, youll never learn anything.attendance n. 照顧照顧, 出席出席I have some important things to attend to.5. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to choler

47、a.exposed to cholera 在句子中是過去分詞用作后在句子中是過去分詞用作后置定語置定語, 表示被動表示被動, 意為意為 “患霍亂的患霍亂的”。如。如:The book written by LuXun is very popular. 魯迅寫的書是很受歡迎的。魯迅寫的書是很受歡迎的。昨天我們看見的那個人是史密斯先生。昨天我們看見的那個人是史密斯先生。The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith.發(fā)散思維：發(fā)散思維：exposed adj. 暴露的暴露的, 暴露于風(fēng)雨中的暴露于風(fēng)雨中的, 無掩蔽的無掩蔽的exposedness n

48、. 暴露暴露, 顯露顯露開放思維開放思維: expose to 使易受使易受, 使受使受 expose sth to the light of day把某事暴露于光天化日之下把某事暴露于光天化日之下expose a fraud 揭穿騙局揭穿騙局1) Miles of sand are exposed at low tide.2) The people of some Asian countries were exposed to the tsunami in 2004.3) He exposed the crime to the police.4) He exposed the plan to

49、 the newspsper.to uncoverto make sufferto make known 5) The wolf opened its mouth to _ a row of sharp teeth.6) Dont _ your skin to the sun; your skin will be hurt.exposeexpose6.This was the deadly disease of its day.die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) deadly adj. (1)dangerous; likely to cause death 危險的危

50、險的; 致命的致命的 a deadly disease / weapon (2)highly effective against sth. or someone 強有力的強有力的; 致命的致命的 a deadly remark 擊中要害的評論擊中要害的評論(3) aiming to kill or destroy意在殺死的意在殺死的; 不共戴天的不共戴天的: a deadly enemy 不共戴天的敵人不共戴天的敵人deadly adv. (1)very 極度極度; 非常非常; 十分十分 deadly serious 十分認(rèn)真十分認(rèn)真 (2)like death 死一般地死一般地 deadly

51、 pale 死一般蒼白死一般蒼白7. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.every time 在這里是連詞在這里是連詞, 引導(dǎo)時間狀語引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句從句, 意為意為“每次每次, 每當(dāng)每當(dāng)”。e.g. Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us.每次見到他每次見到他, 我就想起發(fā)生在我們之間的我就想起發(fā)生在我們之間的事情。事情。注意注意: immediately, the mom

52、ent, directly, instantly 等與等與 every time一樣一樣, 都可以都可以用作連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句用作連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句, 意為意為 “一一.就就”。如：。如：I will give the letter to him immediately I see him.我一見到他就把這封信給他。我一見到他就把這封信給他。I came directly I got your letter.我一接到你的信就來了。我一接到你的信就來了。8. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their b

53、odies with their meals .o 吸收吸收 如：如：e.g. The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization. 這家大公司逐漸將這些小的公司吞并了。這家大公司逐漸將這些小的公司吞并了。absorb v. (1) 吸收吸收(液體液體)Water absorbs oxygen.(2) The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him.(3) The

54、book absorbed his attention.(4) The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.理解理解, 接受接受吸引吸引(注意力注意力, 興趣等興趣等)使并入使并入, 吞并吞并be absorbed in 被被吸引吸引; 專心于專心于; 全神貫注于某事全神貫注于某事 如如:He is absorbed in his book.The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale. suggest 經(jīng)常有經(jīng)常有“建議建議”的意思的意思, 但在這個句子但在這個句子里

55、的意思是里的意思是“暗示間接表明暗示間接表明”。如：。如：The disorganized meeting suggested bad preparation.混亂的會場表明準(zhǔn)備工作很差?；靵y的會場表明準(zhǔn)備工作很差。suggest 還有還有 “建議建議”的意思的意思, 在后文中有體現(xiàn)在后文中有體現(xiàn):“To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.” 為防止這種情況再度為防止這種情況再度發(fā)生發(fā)生, I suggested

56、 that he should give up smoking.我建議他戒煙。我建議他戒煙。The chairman suggested the meeting be put off until next week. 主席建議會議延遲到下周舉行。主席建議會議延遲到下周舉行。suggest 后面還可以接后面還可以接-ing形式或名詞。如：形式或名詞。如：She suggested a picnic at the weekend.她提議周末去野餐。她提議周末去野餐。Kane suggested leaving early for the airport. 凱恩提議早些發(fā)去機場。凱恩提議早些發(fā)去機場

57、。他發(fā)現(xiàn)在兩條街道上霍亂流行的特別厲害他發(fā)現(xiàn)在兩條街道上霍亂流行的特別厲害,在十天之內(nèi)就死去了五百多人。在十天之內(nèi)就死去了五百多人。9. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days.severe adj. (1)unsparing or harsh, as in treatment of others; strict 嚴(yán)厲的嚴(yán)厲的; 苛刻的苛刻的; 嚴(yán)格的嚴(yán)格的. 如如:The severe trainer has gone

58、 abroad. You can breathe freely again.(2)causing sharp discomfort or distress; extremely violent or intense; very serious. 劇痛的劇痛的, 劇烈的劇烈的, 嚴(yán)重的嚴(yán)重的, 難熬的難熬的 如如:a severe attack of toothache.要求苛嚴(yán)的教官已經(jīng)出國要求苛嚴(yán)的教官已經(jīng)出國, 你可以完全放心。你可以完全放心。牙痛的劇烈發(fā)作。牙痛的劇烈發(fā)作。這張地圖提供了一條說明霍亂起因這張地圖提供了一條說明霍亂起因的很有價值的線索。的很有價值的線索。10. This g

59、ave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.valuable(1) adj. worth of a lot of money 值錢的值錢的, 貴重的貴重的 如：如：The watch is valuable. 這表很值錢。這表很值錢。a valuable diamond. 貴重的鉆石。貴重的鉆石。(2) adj. having great usefulness or value 如如:valuable information(3)n. (常用復(fù)數(shù)形式常用復(fù)數(shù)形式)sth that worth a lot of money 如如:

60、Cathy kept her valuables in a safe.重大的消息重大的消息凱西把她的貴重物品藏在保險箱里。凱西把她的貴重物品藏在保險箱里。泵泵 (油泵油泵; 氣泵氣泵), 抽水機抽水機, 打氣筒打氣筒11. pump12. It seemed that the water was to blame. 看來霍亂的流行要歸罪于飲水了。看來霍亂的流行要歸罪于飲水了。be+動詞不定式動詞不定式, 可以表示該做或不該做的可以表示該做或不該做的事情事情, 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于must, should, ought to 等。等。 如：如：No one is to leave this buildi