高一英語人教課標(biāo)必修1unit1語法——直接引語和間接引語素材

1、Direct Speech & Indirect speech媽媽說:” 杰克是個好工人“.Mother said :”Jack is a good worker.”媽媽說杰克是個好工人。Mother said that Jack is a good worker直接引語：直接引語：間接引語：間接引語： Direct speech:Indirect speech:句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化 He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” He said that he had been to the Great Wall. He said, “Ill g

2、ive you an exam next Monday. ” He said ( ) he would give us an exam the next Monday. 1. 直接引語是直接引語是陳述句陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語的方法變?yōu)殚g接引語的方法 引導(dǎo)詞為引導(dǎo)詞為: 語序語序:that不變不變that He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are int

3、erested in English, arent you?” He asked ( ) I was interested in English. 2. 直接引語是直接引語是一般疑問句一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語 引導(dǎo)詞為引導(dǎo)詞為: 語序語序:if 或或 whether陳述（即主語在前，謂語在后）陳述（即主語在前，謂語在后）whether He said to me，“Whats your name?” He asked me what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your c

4、ountry?” He asked us ( ) car factories had been built in our country. 3. 直接引語是直接引語是特殊疑問句特殊疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語 引導(dǎo)詞為引導(dǎo)詞為: 語序語序:特殊疑問詞特殊疑問詞陳述（即主語在前，謂語在后）陳述（即主語在前，謂語在后）how many 口訣口訣 說明說明直接引語直接引語間接引語間接引語人稱人稱變化變化一一隨隨主主二二 隨隨 賓賓 三三 不不 變變引號內(nèi)的第一人稱變間引后與主句主語的人稱保持一致引號內(nèi)的第二人稱變間引后與主句賓語的人稱保持一致引號內(nèi)的第三人稱在變間引后人稱不變She said,“

5、 I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennis.He said to Lily,“ you must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early.She said to me ,“ They want tohelp him.”She told me that they wanted tohelp him.間接引語中的人稱與直接引語中的人稱指向一致間接引語中的人稱與直接引語中的人稱指向一致.時態(tài)的變化時態(tài)的變化直接引語直接引語(變化前變化前)間接引語間接引語(變化后變化后)主句動詞為一般

6、現(xiàn)在主句動詞為一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時時或現(xiàn)在完成時She often says, “All men and women are equal under the law.”從句動詞時態(tài)不變從句動詞時態(tài)不變She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.直接引語直接引語(變化前變化前)間接引語間接引語(變化后變化后)主句主句動詞動詞為一為一般過般過去時去時引導(dǎo)動詞為引導(dǎo)動詞為: 從句從句動詞動詞時態(tài)時態(tài)相應(yīng)相應(yīng)變化變化從句動詞變?yōu)閺木鋭釉~變?yōu)?一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時“I know it,” he said.一般過去時一般過去

7、時He said that he knew it. 直接引語直接引語(變化前變化前)間接引語間接引語(變化后變化后)主句主句動詞動詞為一為一般過般過去時去時引導(dǎo)動詞為引導(dǎo)動詞為:從句從句動詞動詞時態(tài)時態(tài)相應(yīng)相應(yīng)變化變化從句動詞變?yōu)閺木鋭釉~變?yōu)?現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時“Im making coffee for you all,” she said.過去進行時過去進行時She said she was making coffee for us all. 直接引語直接引語(變化前變化前)間接引語間接引語(變化后變化后)主句主句動詞動詞為一為一般過般過去時去時引導(dǎo)動詞為引導(dǎo)動詞為:從句從句動詞動詞時態(tài)時

8、態(tài)相應(yīng)相應(yīng)變化變化從句動詞變?yōu)閺木鋭釉~變?yōu)?現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時“I have seen her before,” said he. 過去完成時過去完成時He said he had seen her before. 直接引語直接引語(變化前變化前)間接引語間接引語(變化后變化后)主句主句動詞動詞為一為一般過般過去時去時引導(dǎo)動詞為引導(dǎo)動詞為:從句從句動詞動詞時態(tài)時態(tài)相應(yīng)相應(yīng)變化變化從句動詞變?yōu)閺木鋭釉~變?yōu)?一般過去時一般過去時“I saw her last night,” he said.過去完成時過去完成時He said he had seen her the night before. 直

9、接引語直接引語(變化前變化前)間接引語間接引語(變化后變化后)主句主句動詞動詞為一為一般過般過去時去時引導(dǎo)動詞為引導(dǎo)動詞為:從句從句動詞動詞時態(tài)時態(tài)相應(yīng)相應(yīng)變化變化從句動詞變?yōu)閺木鋭釉~變?yōu)?過去完成時過去完成時“ Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack asked.過去完成時過去完成時Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died. 直接引語直接引語(變化前變化前)間接引語間接引語(變化后變化后)

10、主句主句動詞動詞為一為一般過般過去時去時引導(dǎo)動詞為引導(dǎo)動詞為:從句從句動詞動詞時態(tài)時態(tài)相應(yīng)相應(yīng)變化變化從句動詞變?yōu)閺木鋭釉~變?yōu)?一般將來時一般將來時He said: “We shall start tomorrow.”過去將來時過去將來時He said they would start the next day.直接引語變間接引語時直接引語變間接引語時, 時態(tài)要發(fā)生變化時態(tài)要發(fā)生變化:一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時一般將來時一般將來時一般過去時一般過去時一般過去時一般過去時過去完成時過去完成時過去進行時過去進行時過去將來時過去將來時過去完成時過去完成時由直接引語轉(zhuǎn)

11、變?yōu)殚g接引語由直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語,下列情況下列情況時態(tài)不變時態(tài)不變:1. 不變的真理不變的真理 The teacher said to the students, “Light travels much faster than sound.” The teacher told the students that light travels much faster than sound.2. 經(jīng)常的習(xí)慣：經(jīng)常的習(xí)慣： Tom said, “I go to work in my car every day.” Tom said that he goes to work in his car e

12、very day.3. 歷史事件：歷史事件： The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.4. 部分情態(tài)動詞部分情態(tài)動詞,如如must, ought to, used to, had better等：等： She said to me: “You must hurry up.” She told me I must hurry up.指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語、方向指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語、方向動詞的變化動詞的變化直接引語直接引語間接引語間接引語thi

13、sthesenowagotodaytomorrowthatthosethenbefore/earlierthat daythe next/following day直接引語直接引語間接引語間接引語the day after tomorrowyesterdaylast nightthe day before yesterdaycomeherein two days timethe day beforethe night beforetwo days beforegotherePractice makes perfect!Exercise1. “I never eat meat.” he said

14、. He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _

15、 down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He _ me that he _ met her the day _.6. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.heatetoldhadFound hisshehadtaken

16、risesgoestoldhadbeforehadbeforehadthere1.注意時態(tài)的變化；2.注意人稱變化；3.注意指示代詞的變化；4.注意時間狀語的變化；5.注意地點狀語的變化；6.注意個別趨向動詞的變化。小結(jié)：Homework:u Do Exercise 2 on Page 5.u Preview the next part of this unit.將下列句子轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語：1. He said,“ I have finished my homework last night”.2. She said,“ I havent seen her today.”He said that

17、 he had finished his homework the night before.She said that she hadnt seen her that day.直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應(yīng)改為直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應(yīng)改為“Tell (ask, order, beg等等) sb (not) to do sth.”句型句型 。如：如： 1.Dont make any noise, the teacher said to the students. She told (ordered) the students not to make any noise. 2.“Ope

18、n the door, please, said she.She asked him to open the door.直接引語如果是以直接引語如果是以“Lets”開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常用接引語時，通常用“suggest +動名詞（或從句）動名詞（或從句）”如如： He said, Lets go to the movies. He suggested going to the movies.或或He suggested that they should go to see the movies.1. Jack said to me, “You look wor

19、ried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat dayExercise2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D.

20、they walkingnow 3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I

21、 shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he would the next day 5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane asked _ about _. A. that he hearda week ago B. what he had heardthe week before C. what he had herd