Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)日常管理手冊(cè)-項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)場(chǎng)篇教學(xué)

1、Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)日常管理_項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)場(chǎng)篇修改：2010/2/8A. 查看所有的實(shí)例及其后臺(tái)進(jìn)程是否正常確認(rèn)所有的instance工作正常，登陸到所有的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)或instance上，檢測(cè)oracle后臺(tái)進(jìn)程GDDB4-/export/home/oracle> env | grep SIDORACLE_SID=UWNMS3GDDB4-/export/home/oracle> ps -ef|grep UWNMS3 | grep -v grep | grep ora oracle 25119 1 0 Jun 24 ? 0:04 ora_dbw4_UWNMS3 oracle 25110 1 0

2、Jun 24 ? 3:20 ora_dbw1_UWNMS3 oracle 25146 1 0 Jun 24 ? 0:00 ora_reco_UWNMS3 oracle 25125 1 0 Jun 24 ? 0:09 ora_dbw5_UWNMS3 oracle 25142 1 0 Jun 24 ? 5:41 ora_smon_UWNMS3 oracle 25155 1 0 Jun 24 ? 1:17 ora_mmon_UWNMS3 oracle 25152 1 0 Jun 24 ? 101:32 ora_cjq0_UWNMS3 oracle 25102 1 0 Jun 24 ? 0:02 or

3、a_mman_UWNMS3 oracle 25108 1 0 Jun 24 ? 7:37 ora_dbw0_UWNMS3 oracle 25478 1 0 Jun 24 ? 0:45 ora_arc1_UWNMS3 oracle 25470 1 0 Jun 24 ? 0:47 ora_arc0_UWNMS3 oracle 25159 1 0 Jun 24 ? 84:02 ora_mmnl_UWNMS3 oracle 25094 1 0 Jun 24 ? 17:30 ora_pmon_UWNMS3 oracle 25117 1 0 Jun 24 ? 0:41 ora_dbw3_UWNMS3 or

4、acle 25131 1 0 Jun 24 ? 13:12 ora_lgwr_UWNMS3 oracle 20175 1 0 18:27:25 ? 0:00 ora_j000_UWNMS3 oracle 25100 1 0 Jun 24 ? 1:10 ora_psp0_UWNMS3 oracle 25113 1 0 Jun 24 ? 0:14 ora_dbw2_UWNMS3 oracle 25135 1 0 Jun 24 ? 23:50 ora_ckpt_UWNMS3B檢查文件系統(tǒng)的使用情況如果文件系統(tǒng)的剩余空間小于10，則需要?jiǎng)h除不必要的文件以釋放空間。GDDB4-/export/home/

5、oracle> df -hFilesystem size used avail capacity Mounted on/dev/md/dsk/d0 20G 17G 3.1G 85% /proc 0K 0K 0K 0% /procmnttab 0K 0K 0K 0% /etc/mnttabfd 0K 0K 0K 0% /dev/fdswap 85G 192K 85G 1% /var/rundmpfs 85G 0K 85G 0% /dev/vx/dmpdmpfs 85G 0K 85G 0% /dev/vx/rdmpswap 85G 213M 85G 1% /tmp/dev/vx/dsk/da

6、ta10dg/Ora_File_Vol01 394G 292G 98G 75% /data05/dev/vx/dsk/data1dg/vola0131 443G 156G 283G 36% /archivelog注意：需要特別關(guān)注根目錄，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)軟件和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)備份所在目錄的剩余空間情況！備注：數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)運(yùn)行日志的及時(shí)清除1). 可清除bdump,cdump,udump下的相關(guān)日志$ cd bdump$ ls -ltotal 174-rwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba 59047 Jul 30 22:02 alert_UWNMS1.log-rwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba 1000

7、 Jul 14 22:00 uwnms1_j000_18128.trc-rw-r- 1 oracle dba 1000 Jul 22 22:00 uwnms1_j001_5369.trc-rwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba 695 Jul 14 19:12 uwnms1_lgwr_18100.trc-rwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba 2668 Jul 30 22:02 uwnms1_lgwr_19661.trc-rwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba 983 Jul 14 17:36 uwnms1_lgwr_7816.trc-rwxrwxrwx 1 oracle d

8、ba 955 Jul 14 19:11 uwnms1_lgwr_7883.trc-rwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba 803 Jul 14 17:31 uwnms1_p000_7714.trc-rwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba 801 Jul 14 17:31 uwnms1_p001_7716.trc$ cp /dev/null alert_UWNMS1.log$ rm *.trc$ cd ./cdump$ ls -ltotal 4drwxr-x- 2 oracle dba 512 Jul 25 14:12 core_18095drwxr-x- 2 oracle dba

9、512 Jul 25 19:17 core_25934$ cd ./udump$ ls -ltotal 20042-rw-r- 1 oracle dba 505 Jul 16 16:33 uwnms1_ora_14771.trc-rw-r- 1 oracle dba 4516169 Jul 25 14:12 uwnms1_ora_18095.trc-rwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba 644 Jul 14 19:12 uwnms1_ora_18119.trc-rw-r- 1 oracle dba 505 Jul 30 15:11 uwnms1_ora_18820.trc-rwxrwx

10、rwx 1 oracle dba 774 Jul 15 10:23 uwnms1_ora_19573.trc-rwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba 587 Jul 15 10:23 uwnms1_ora_19645.trc-rwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba 644 Jul 15 10:23 uwnms1_ora_19680.trc-rw-r- 1 oracle dba 720942 Jul 15 16:28 uwnms1_ora_24759.trc-rw-r- 1 oracle dba 4951562 Jul 25 19:17 uwnms1_ora_25934.trc-rw

11、-r- 1 oracle dba 505 Jul 15 17:21 uwnms1_ora_27326.trc-rw-r- 1 oracle dba 503 Jul 30 16:54 uwnms1_ora_6612.trc-rwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba 585 Jul 14 17:12 uwnms1_ora_7523.trc-rwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba 767 Jul 14 17:30 uwnms1_ora_7566.trc2). 可清除oracle的監(jiān)聽(tīng)日志$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/log$ ls -ltotal 533072-rwx

12、rwxrwx 1 oracle-rw-r-r- 1 oracle dba 257876 Jul 31 08:48 sqlnet.log$ cp /dev/null listener.logC查找警告日志文件1. 聯(lián)接每一個(gè)操作管理系統(tǒng)2. 使用TELNET或是可比較程序3. 對(duì)每一個(gè)管理實(shí)例，經(jīng)常的執(zhí)行$ORACLE_BASE/<SID>/bdump 操作，并使其能回退到控制數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的SID。4. 在提示下，使用UNIX 中的TAIL命令查看alert_<SID>.log，或是用其他方式檢查文件中最近時(shí)期的警告日志5. 如果發(fā)現(xiàn)任何ORA_ERRORS (ORA-XXX)

13、 的錯(cuò)誤，將它記錄并且仔細(xì)的研究它們，或反饋給DB組如何確定警告日志文件的路徑？ 通過(guò)參看起始參數(shù)文件 init<SID>.ora，而起始參數(shù)文件一般存儲(chǔ)在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs下$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs$ cat initUWNMS1.ora*.background_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/product/10g/admin/UWNMS1/bdump'*.core_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/product/10g/admin/UWNMS1/cdump'*.user_dump_de

14、st='/opt/oracle/product/10g/admin/UWNMS1/udump'D檢查數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)備份是否成功對(duì)RMAN備份方式:檢查第三方備份工具的備份日志以確定備份是否成功如果具備恢復(fù)目錄的，可直接登陸到rman環(huán)境下，發(fā)命令list backup查看具體備份集合的情況； GDDB4-/> rman target=sys/xxxuwnms3 catalog=rman/rmanuwnms3Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Thu Jul 31 11:39:37 2008Copyright (

15、c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.connected to target database: UWNMS3 (DBID=connected to recovery catalog databaseRMAN> list backup; List of Backup Sets=BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time - - - - - - -422624 Incr 0 12.59M DISK 00:00:07 2008-07-28 03:15:21 BP Ke

16、y: 422631 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: BK0 List of Datafiles in backup set 422624 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name - - - - - -對(duì)EXPORT，EXPDP邏輯備份方式:檢查exp，expdp日志文件以確定備份是否成功對(duì)其他備份方式:檢查相應(yīng)的日志文件E檢查表空間的使用情況1. 檢查在表空間中有沒(méi)有剩余空間。對(duì)每一個(gè)實(shí)例來(lái)說(shuō)，檢查在表空間中是否存在有剩余空間來(lái)滿足當(dāng)天的預(yù)期的需要。當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中已有的數(shù)據(jù)是穩(wěn)定的，數(shù)據(jù)日增長(zhǎng)的平均數(shù)也是可以計(jì)算出來(lái)，最小

17、的剩余空間至少要能滿足每天數(shù)據(jù)的增長(zhǎng)。腳本：select t.tablespace_name, total, free, round(100*(1-(free/total),3)|'%' as已使用的空間比例from (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes)/1024/1024 total from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name) t,(select tablespace_name, sum(bytes)/1024/1024 free from dba_free_space group by tab

18、lespace_name) f where t.tablespace_name=f.tablespace_name(+)and t.tablespace_name not in ('DRSYS','ORDIM','SPATIAL','USERS','TOOLS','XDB')order by round(100*(1-(free/total),3) desc;2. 識(shí)別出表空間下一些過(guò)分的對(duì)象空間增長(zhǎng)查看數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中超出資源或是增長(zhǎng)速度過(guò)大的段，具體分析看是否需要調(diào)整。select owner,segm

19、ent_name,partition_name,bytes/1024/1024 from dba_segments where tablespace_name = 'NRMTBS' order by bytes desc根據(jù)實(shí)際情況，先清除臨時(shí)無(wú)用的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)對(duì)象；或回收部分頻繁dml操作的庫(kù)表空間Oracle 10g下的一些處理：- 庫(kù)表：alter table prdb.MLOG$_FACT_AGG2BSC_BASE_PI move注意：move后建立于數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)對(duì)象上的索引會(huì)失效，記住一定要重新編譯！/* - 以下腳本用于檢查失效的索引select * from dba_inde

20、xes where status not in ('VALID','N/A')SELECT index_name,PARTITION_NAME,TABLESPACE_NAME FROM USER_IND_PARTITIONS WHERE status = 'UNUSABLE' ORDER BY PARTITION_NAME;*/- 索引：alter index NPMDB.UQ_TPA_SAE_SUM rebuild tablespace idxdbs online nologging parallel 4 ;alter index NPMDB.

21、UQ_TPA_SAE_SUM noparallel;3. 表空間管理- 創(chuàng)建表空間CREATE tablespace apmdbs1 datafile '/dev/vx/rdsk/data1dg/vola0101' size 4095M extent management local segment space management auto;注： 添加裸設(shè)備上的數(shù)據(jù)文件請(qǐng)注意路徑/dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0? ? ?裸設(shè)備/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0? ? ? ?塊設(shè)備它們鏈接的是同一塊物理設(shè)備，具體區(qū)別是在訪問(wèn)方式上。裸設(shè)備是假設(shè)硬盤(pán)上沒(méi)有文件系統(tǒng)時(shí)的訪問(wèn)方式

22、。裸設(shè)備是按順序訪問(wèn)，塊設(shè)備是按文件系統(tǒng)和i節(jié)點(diǎn)“隨機(jī)”訪問(wèn)。二者的使用場(chǎng)合也不同。在做newfs之前，因?yàn)闆](méi)有文件系統(tǒng)，只能訪問(wèn)裸設(shè)備；做了newfs，進(jìn)行掛接時(shí)，因?yàn)樾枰L問(wèn)磁盤(pán)上的文件系統(tǒng)，所以只能用塊設(shè)備- 增加數(shù)據(jù)文件，擴(kuò)充表空間ALTER TABLESPACE PRTBS19 ADD DATAFILE '/dev/vx/rdsk/data2dg/volb0082' SIZE 4095M AUTOEXTEND OFF;ASM下：Uwnms1：alter tablespace NRMTBS add datafile '+DISKGROUP1' size

23、8192M autoextend offUwnms2：alter tablespace PRTBS add datafile '+DISKGROUP2' size 8192M autoextend off- 增加臨時(shí)文件，擴(kuò)充臨時(shí)表空間ALTER tablespace TEMP ADD tempfile '/dev/vx/rdsk/data2dg/temp02' size 4095M reuse;- 數(shù)據(jù)文件收縮，針對(duì)文件系統(tǒng)上的數(shù)據(jù)文件alter database datafile '$HOME/DATA/DISK5/data02.dbf' r

24、esize 1500k;ASM下：Select file_name,tablespace_name,bytes/1024/1024|'M','alter database datafile '''|file_name|''' resize 22528M;' from dba_data_files where tablespace_name = 'IDXDBS' alter database datafile resize 15360M;F檢查數(shù)據(jù)文件的狀態(tài)檢查數(shù)據(jù)文件的狀態(tài)記錄狀態(tài)不是“online

25、”的數(shù)據(jù)文件，并及時(shí)聯(lián)系DB組跟進(jìn)。SQL> set linesize 200SQL> set pagesize 200SQL> Select file_name from dba_data_files where status='OFFLINE'no rows selectedG檢查數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)會(huì)話分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)用戶統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)會(huì)話的情況：select schemaname,count(1) from v$session group by schemaname分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)用戶，模塊統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)會(huì)話的情況：select schemaname,program,count(1) fr

26、om v$session where schemaname <> 'SYS' group by schemaname,program殺掉異常的會(huì)話或會(huì)話對(duì)應(yīng)的進(jìn)程：（以具有DBA權(quán)限的用戶來(lái)清除會(huì)話）select sid,serial# from v$session where sid = $sidselect spid from v$process where addr in ( select paddr from v$session where sid = $sid )alter system kill session <sid>,<seria

27、l#>如果執(zhí)行上述命令后，仍然沒(méi)有能及時(shí)釋放會(huì)話，可直接殺掉會(huì)話對(duì)應(yīng)的服務(wù)器進(jìn)程kill -9 <spid>H檢查數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)主機(jī)的性能情況檢查數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)所在主機(jī)的性能，記錄數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的cpu使用、IO、buffer命中率等等，使用vmstat,iostat,top等命令Vmstat: 關(guān)注cpu的idleIostat：關(guān)注磁盤(pán)IO的繁忙程度(%b)Top: 關(guān)注消耗cpu多的相關(guān)進(jìn)程O(píng)racle 10g EM監(jiān)控：I. 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的正常啟動(dòng)與關(guān)閉- 關(guān)閉步驟：1停止監(jiān)聽(tīng)GDDB4-/export/home/oracle> lsnrctl stop2停止實(shí)例使用sql*plus工具，以具

28、有DBA權(quán)限的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)用戶登陸到具體實(shí)例上操作GDDB4-/export/home/oracle> setenv ORACLE_SID UWNMS3 GDDB4-/export/home/oracle> sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Thu Jul 31 15:06:23 2008Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.SQL> conn sys/xxxxxx as sysdbaConnected.SQL> shut

29、down immediate3. 檢查實(shí)例相關(guān)進(jìn)程GDDB4-/export/home/oracle> ps -ef|grep UWNMS3 oracle 25119 1 0 Jun 24 ? 0:04 ora_dbw4_UWNMS3 oracle 25110 1 0 Jun 24 ? 3:23 ora_dbw1_UWNMS3 oracle 25146 1 0 Jun 24 ? 0:00 ora_reco_UWNMS3 oracle 25125 1 0 Jun 24 ? 0:09 ora_dbw5_UWNMS3 oracle 25142 1 0 Jun 24 ? 5:49 ora_smo

30、n_UWNMS3 oracle 25155 1 0 Jun 24 ? 1:19 ora_mmon_UWNMS3 oracle 25152 1 0 Jun 24 ? 103:58 ora_cjq0_UWNMS3 oracle 25102 1 0 Jun 24 ? 0:02 ora_mman_UWNMS3 oracle 25108 1 0 Jun 24 ? 7:49 ora_dbw0_UWNMS3 oracle 25478 1 0 Jun 24 ? 0:46 ora_arc1_UWNMS3 oracle 25470 1 0 Jun 24 ? 0:49 ora_arc0_UWNMS3 oracle

31、7770 1 0 15:06:42 ? 0:00 ora_j000_UWNMS3 oracle 25159 1 0 Jun 24 ? 86:03 ora_mmnl_UWNMS3 oracle 25094 1 0 Jun 24 ? 17:55 ora_pmon_UWNMS3 oracle 25117 1 0 Jun 24 ? 0:42 ora_dbw3_UWNMS3 oracle 25131 1 0 Jun 24 ? 13:32 ora_lgwr_UWNMS3 oracle 25100 1 0 Jun 24 ? 1:11 ora_psp0_UWNMS3 oracle 25113 1 0 Jun

32、24 ? 0:15 ora_dbw2_UWNMS3 oracle 25135 1 0 Jun 24 ? 24:23 ora_ckpt_UWNMS3 oracle 18673 1 0 Jun 11 ? 47:45 oracleUWNMS3 (LOCAL=NO) oracle 14299 1 0 15:00:06 ? 0:00 oracleUWNMS3 (LOCAL=NO) oracle 28391 1 0 11:23:55 ? 0:12 oracleUWNMS3 (LOCAL=NO) oracle 10004 1 1 15:08:02 ? 0:17 oracleUWNMS3 (LOCAL=NO)

33、緊急情況下，可手工直接殺掉帶LOCAL標(biāo)識(shí)的進(jìn)程，加快數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的關(guān)閉操作；但oracle的相關(guān)后臺(tái)進(jìn)程請(qǐng)不要隨便KILL掉。- 啟動(dòng)步驟：1啟動(dòng)實(shí)例使用sql*plus工具，以具有DBA權(quán)限的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)用戶登陸到具體實(shí)例上操作GDDB4-/export/home/oracle> setenv ORACLE_SID UWNMS3 GDDB4-/export/home/oracle> sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Thu Jul 31 15:06:23 2008Copyright (c) 1982, 2

34、006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.SQL> conn sys/xxxxxx as sysdbaConnected.SQL> startup2啟動(dòng)監(jiān)聽(tīng)GDDB4-/export/home/oracle> lsnrctl start3. 檢查實(shí)例相關(guān)進(jìn)程GDDB4-/export/home/oracle> ps -ef|grep UWNMS3 oracle 25119 1 0 Jun 24 ? 0:04 ora_dbw4_UWNMS3 oracle 25110 1 0 Jun 24 ? 3:23 ora_dbw1_UWNMS3 oracle 25146 1 0 Jun 24 ? 0:00 ora_reco_UWNMS3 oracle 25125 1 0 Jun 24 ? 0:09 ora_dbw5_UWNMS3