人教版英語八年級(jí)上冊(cè)第二單元短語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、Unit 2 How often do you exercise?一、詞組、短語：01、help with housework 幫助做家務(wù)活，02、go shopping 購物，03、on weekends 在周末， 04、how often 多久一次，05、hardly ever幾乎不，06、once a week 每周一次，07、twice a month每月二次，08、go to the movies去看電影， 09、every day 每天， 10、use the Internet上網(wǎng)/用網(wǎng)，11、be free有空，12、have dance and piano lessons 上舞

2、蹈鋼琴課 ，13、swing dance搖擺舞 14、play tennis 打網(wǎng)球， 15、stay up late熬夜，16、at least至少， 17、go to bed early 早睡， 18、 play sports 鍛煉身體，19、be good for 對(duì)有好處，20、go camping去野營，21、in ones free time 在某人的空閑時(shí)間，22、not.at all 根本不， 23、the most popular 最流行， 24、such as例如， 25、go to the dentist去看牙醫(yī)，26、more than 超過/多于，27、Old hab

3、its die hard.舊習(xí)慣難改。 28、 hard=difficult 困難的 ， 29、less than 少于/不到二、重要句子（語法）：What do you usually do on weekends?你周末通常做什么？ I always exercise.總是鍛煉身體。What do they do on weekends?他們周末干什么？ They often help with housework.他們經(jīng)常幫助干家務(wù)活。What does she do on weekends? 她周末干什么？ She sometimes goes shopping.她有時(shí)購物。How o

4、ften do you go to the movies? 你多久看電影一次？ I go to the movies maybe once a month.可能一個(gè)月看一次。How often does he watch TV? 他多久看電視一次？ He hardly ever watches TV.他幾乎不看電視。Do you go shopping? 你購物嗎？ No, I never go shopping.不，我從來就不購物。三、習(xí)慣用法、搭配01. help sb. with sth 幫助某人做某事 02. How about? =What about? .怎么樣？03. want

5、sb. to do sth. 想讓某人做某事 04. How many + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+ 一般疑問句 有多少05. 主語+ find+ that 從句 發(fā)現(xiàn) 06. Its + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是.的07. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度過時(shí)光 08. ask sb. about sth. 向某人詢問某事09. by doing sth. 通過做某事 10. Whats your favorite.? 你最喜歡的是什么？11 start doing sth. 開始做某事 12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式四、

6、詞語辨析Section A1. help with housework 幫助做家務(wù) （教材第9頁）（1） help with sth. 意為“幫助做某事”拓展：help sb. with sth.= help sb. （to） do sth. 幫助某人做某事Eg: I often help him with his English.= I often help him (to) learn English. 我經(jīng)常幫他學(xué)習(xí)英語。（2）housework 意為“家務(wù)勞動(dòng)”。不可數(shù)名詞。1. They have housework to do.A. many B. much2. sometimes

7、 有時(shí)（教材第9頁）辨析：sometimes ，some times ，sometime ， some timesometimes 有時(shí)候。=at times也是“有時(shí)”的意思。提問用how oftensome times 幾次。time作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)可作“次數(shù)”解；表示“時(shí)間”時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞。How mang timessometime 某個(gè)時(shí)候。可指過去或?qū)淼哪硞€(gè)時(shí)候。提問用whensome time 一段時(shí)間。常及for連用。對(duì)它提問用how long 。口訣記憶：分開“一段時(shí)間” ；相聚“某個(gè)時(shí)候”。Eg：Sometimes I get up very late. 有時(shí)我起床很晚。I

8、will go to shanghai sometime next week. 下周某個(gè)時(shí)候我要去上海。He reads the story some times. 他讀這個(gè)故事幾遍了。Ill stay here for some time. 我將會(huì)在這兒呆一段時(shí)間。練習(xí)： We plan to stay in Hainan for . 我們打算在海南呆一段時(shí)間。 I am sure that we have met before. 我肯定我們之前見過幾次了。 I have letters from him. 有時(shí)我會(huì)收到他的來信。3. hardly ever 幾乎不 （教材第9頁）hardl

9、y ever相當(dāng)于hardly eg：There is hardly any food left. 幾乎沒有食物剩下。辨析：hardly 及hardhardly 幾乎不，一般位于動(dòng)詞之前。 hard 努力，位于動(dòng)詞之后。eg：He hardly works. 他幾乎不工作。 He works hard. 他工作努力。4. use the Internet 用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)（教材第10頁）use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事eg：I use a knife to cut bread. 我用刀切面包。短語：on the Internet 在網(wǎng)上 ， surf the Internet 網(wǎng)上

10、沖浪，上網(wǎng)5. Whats your favorite program？ 你最喜歡的節(jié)目是什么？（教材第10頁）句型：Whats your favorite.?=What. do you like best？你最喜歡的.是什么？1.Whats your favorite animal？你最喜歡的動(dòng)物是什么？= _6. Are you free next week？ 你下周有空嗎？（教材第10頁）free 意為“空閑的，有空的”，反義詞busy。 be free 意為“閑著，有空”eg:：He is free now.他現(xiàn)在有空。拓展：free還可譯為“免費(fèi)的”Eg：The tickets ar

11、e free. 票是免費(fèi)的。7. . next week is quite full for me. 下周對(duì)我來說相當(dāng)忙 （教材第10頁）quite full 很忙，相當(dāng)忙.拓展：full 還可譯為“滿的，充滿的”。Eg：The bus was full when they got there. 翻譯_full 還可譯為“飽的”。Eg：I cant eat any more，I am quite full. 我不能再吃了，我相當(dāng)飽了。8. How come? 怎么會(huì)？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有點(diǎn)想不通；可單獨(dú)使用，也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)問句， 相當(dāng)于疑問句 why, 但 how come 開頭的

12、特殊疑問句使用的仍然是陳述語序。How come Tom didnt come to the party? = Why didnt Tom come to the party?9. I have dance and piano lessons. 我要上舞蹈課和英語課。（教材第10頁）have 在此意為“上課”。Eg: Theyre having an English lesson. 他們正在上英語課。擴(kuò)展：have lessons 上課 ， Lesson One 第一課10. Well ，how about Tuesday？ 哦，那周二呢？（教材第10頁）How about.? (=What

13、about.?) 意為“怎么樣？”，用來征求對(duì)方的意見。Eg: How about this book? 這本書怎樣？How / What about doing sth. .? 做怎么樣？Eg：-What will we do on Sunday？ 星期天我們什么？-How about visiting the museum？ 去參觀博物館咋樣？1. Its sunny today，What about _（play）tennis？11. I go to the movies maybe once a month. 我大概每月去看一次電影。（教材第11頁）go to the movies _

14、maybe 意為“也許，大概，可能”，常位于句首。Eg：Maybe he knows Tom. 也許他認(rèn)識(shí)Tom。辨析：maybe 和may bemaybe “也許，大概，可能”。（一般放句首）Maybe you are right. 也許你是對(duì)的。may be “可能是，也許是”。 為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。（位于句中）You may be right. 你也許是對(duì)的。 Lily an English teacher. Lily可能是一名英語老師。=_12. He plays at least twice a week. 他至少每周踢兩次（球）。（教材第11頁）at least 意為“至

15、少”。其反義詞為at most “最多”。Eg：There are at least 1,500 students in our school. _。Section B1. But my mother wants me to drink it. 但我媽媽想讓我喝它。（教材第12頁）want sb. to do sth. 意為“想讓某人做某事”，否定形式為want sb. not to do sth. 意為“不想讓某人做某事”。Eg：She wants me to bring him some pens. 她想讓我給她帶些鋼筆。拓展：1.want sth. 想要某物Do you want any

16、 story books？你想要些故事書嗎？2.want to do sth. 想要做某事I want to visit my uncle. 我想去看望我的叔叔。Do you want （tell）me anything？2. She says its good for my health. 她說它對(duì)我的健康有好處。（教材第12頁）be good for 意為“對(duì)有益”。反義詞為be bad for “對(duì)有害”。Eg: Vegetables are good for you. 蔬菜對(duì)你有好處。拓展：be good at 擅長. be good at doing sth. 擅長做.1.I am

17、good at （play）basketball.3. Last month we asked our students about their free time activities. 上個(gè)月我們向?qū)W生詢問了他們業(yè)余活動(dòng)的情況。（教材第12頁）ask sb. about sth. “詢問某人關(guān)于某事”Eg:I asked my teacher about todays homework. _。4. Here are the results. 這是（調(diào)查）結(jié)果。（教材第13頁）here 位于句首，句子要倒裝。當(dāng)主語是名詞性短語時(shí)，要用全倒裝，即“here +謂語+主語”； 當(dāng)主語是人稱代詞時(shí)

18、，要用半倒裝，即“here+ 主語+謂語”。Eg：Here is your jacket. 這是你的夾克。Here he comes. 他來到這兒。Here comes the bus. 汽車來了。5.twenty percent students dont exercise at all. 百分之20的學(xué)生根本不鍛煉。（教材第13頁）. 百分?jǐn)?shù)由percent來表示，構(gòu)成：基數(shù)詞+percent 。Eg：Seventy percent of the boys like playing computer games. 男生中70%喜歡完電腦游戲。 not. at all 意為“一點(diǎn)兒也不，根本

19、不”。Eg：I dont know about it at all. 對(duì)那件事我一點(diǎn)也不知道。拓展：not at all = you are welcome 意為“不用謝，不客氣”。Eg：-Thank you for your help. -Not at all.6. Although many students like to watch sports，game shows are the most popular. 盡管許多學(xué)生喜歡看運(yùn)動(dòng)類節(jié)目，但游戲類節(jié)目是最受歡迎的。（教材第13頁）although 連詞。意為“雖然，盡管”。but 意為“但是”。英語中，although及but不能同

20、時(shí)使用。Eg：Although it rained，the boys still played outside.= It rained，but the boys still played outside. 盡管天下雨了，但男孩們?nèi)栽谕饷嫱嫠！?. My cousin knows a lot about geography， he is only four years old.A. because B. so C. although7. It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows. 通過上網(wǎng)或看游戲類節(jié)目是很好

21、的放松方式。（教材第13頁）句中it 為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式短語。此句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：Its+adj+（for sb.）+to do sth. 意為 “（對(duì)某人來說）做某事是的”。Eg：Its very important to listen carefully in class. 上課認(rèn)真聽講很重要。Its easy for us to swim. 對(duì)我們來說游泳很容易。Its very hard for him to study English. _-I often have hamburgers for unch.-Youd better not. Its bad for y

22、ou too much junk food.A.eat B.to eat C.eating D. ate8.Exercise such as playing sports is fun，and you can spend time with your friends and family asyou play together. 比如進(jìn)行體育活動(dòng)這方面的鍛煉就是有趣的，當(dāng)你們一起運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)候你可以和朋友、家人一起度過時(shí)光。（教材第13頁）such as 意為“比如，例如”。Eg: I have a lot of hobbies, such as reading and singing. 我有許多

23、愛好，比如讀書和唱歌。spend 意為“度過” 或“花費(fèi)（時(shí)間、金錢）”。Eg: Come and spend the weekend with us. 來和我們一起度過周末吧。重點(diǎn)： spend timemoney on sth. 在.上花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢He didnt spend much time on his homework. 他沒在作業(yè)方面花很多時(shí)間。I spend 200 yuan on a new coat. _ spend timemoney （in） doing sth. 花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢做某事Dont spend too much time watching TV. 不要花費(fèi)

24、太多時(shí)間看電視。He always spend his time playing football. _Eg: I enjoy playing computer games,but I cant too much time that.A.take, doing B.spend, doing C.spend, for doing D.take, to do9. However,she has some bad habits,too. 然而她也有一些壞習(xí)慣。（教材第15頁）however 意為“然而，不過”?？梢晕挥诰涫住⒕渲?、句末。但要用逗號(hào)及句子的其他部分隔開。Eg: She was ill.

25、 However, she still went to work. 她病了，然而她依然去上班。辨析：but和howeverbut 并列連詞 “然而，但是”。 可直接連接前后兩個(gè)句子，表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。However 副詞 “然而，但是”。 不能直接連接句子，必須用逗號(hào)及句子隔開。Eg:1.It began to rain, ,we went out to look for the boy. 天開始下雨了，但我們還是出去尋找那個(gè)男孩了。2. It a sunny morning， very cold. 這是個(gè)晴朗的早晨，但是卻很冷。10.She usually watches TV for more

26、than two hours a day. 她通常每天看兩個(gè)多小時(shí)的電視。（教材第15頁）more than 相當(dāng)于over。意為“超過，多余”。There are more than 2000 books. _11. She says she is afraid. 她說她害怕。（教材第15頁）afraid 意為“擔(dān)心的，害怕的”。.be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 Eg：I am afraid to travel by plane. 我害怕乘飛機(jī)旅行。.be afraid of sb. sth. 害怕某人某物be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事 Eg：She is afraid of the dog. 她害怕那只狗。Dont be afraid of asking questions. 不要