高中英語同位語從句講解及練習

1、高中英語同位語從句講解及練習同位語從句講義及練習一、理解同位語從句的含義，把握同位語從句的實質(zhì)在主從復合句中作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等詞引導，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名詞后面，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。換言之，同位語從句和所修飾的

2、名詞在內(nèi)容上為同一關(guān)系，對其內(nèi)容作進一步說明。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個學校。析：they had won the game說明The news的全部內(nèi)容，因此該句為同位語從句。二、正確運用同位語從句的引導詞，準確把握同位語從句1.如同位語從句意義完整，應用that引導同位語從句。（即that 不充當任何成分，只起連接作用，不可省略）例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cro

3、ss the river at once.將軍下達了戰(zhàn)士們立即過河的命令。析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部內(nèi)容，且意義完整，因此應用that引導同位語從句。2.如同位語從句意義不完整，需增加"是否"的含義，應用whe】ther引導同位語從句。（if不能引導同位語從句）例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我們將討論運動會是否會如期舉行的問題。析：the sports me

4、eting will be held on time意義不完整，應加"是否"的含義才能表達the problem的全部內(nèi)容，因此應用whether引導同位語從句。3.如同位語從句意義不完整，需增加"什么時候"、"什么地點"、"什么方式"等含義，應用when, where, how等詞引導同位語從句。例1：I have no idea when he will be back.析：he will be back意義不完整，應加"什么時候"的含義才能表達idea的全部內(nèi)容，因此應用when引導同位語

5、從句。例2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.析：he went home意義不完整，應加"如何"的含義才能表達impression的全部內(nèi)容，因此應用how引導同位語從句。4.當主句的謂語較短，而同位語從句較長時，同位語從句常后置。如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.    三、把握同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別，明確同位語從句和相似從句的界限同位語從句和定語從句相似，

6、都放在某一名詞或代詞后面，但同位語從句不同于定語從句。同位語從句對名詞加以補充說明，是名詞全部內(nèi)容的體現(xiàn)，且名詞和同位語從句的引導詞均不在從句中作成分；定語從句說明先行詞的性質(zhì)與特征，與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系，且名詞和定語從句的引導詞均在從句中作成分。區(qū)分時可以在先行詞與與從句之間加一個系動詞be,使之構(gòu)成一個新句子，如果句子通順且符合邏輯，則為同位語從句，反之，則為定語從句。如：The report that he was going to resign was false.因為the report was that he was going to resign 句意通順，所以，that

7、 he was going to resign 是同位語從句。例1：1）Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A. while    B. that    C. when    D. as析：答案為B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的內(nèi)容，且Informati

8、on不在從句中作成分，所以該句為同位語從句。應將該句區(qū)別于：2）It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information _ has been put forward.A. what    B. that    C. when    D. as析：答案為B。that has been put forward為information的修飾性定語，且information在從句中作主語，所以

9、該句為定語從句。例2：She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)A. it B. which    C. this    D. that析：答案為B。分析語境含義、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分可知，該句為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為a terrible noise，且它在從句中作主語。應將該句區(qū)別于：I can't stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly.A. it B. which   

10、 C. this    D. that析：答案為D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的內(nèi)容，且the terrible noise不在從句中作成分，所以該句為同位語從句。鞏固性練習：1. The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all.A. that    B. what    C. why    D. which2. The fact _ he was successful proves his ability.A.

11、 hat    B. what    C. which    D. why3. The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A. what    B. that    C. why     D. when4. His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A. which    B. that    C./&

12、#160;      D. it5. I have no idea _ he will start.A. when    B. that    C. what D./6. I've come from the government with a message _ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.A. if    B. that   C. whether D. which7. The thought _ he m

13、ight fail in the exam worried him.A. when    B. which C. what    D. that8. The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A. which    B. whether    C. that    D. what9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear _ he wou

14、ld die of the disease.A. that        B. as       C. of which    D. which10. He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing.A. whether B. where    C. that        D. when同位語從句和定語從句的三點區(qū)別同

15、位語從句和定語從句很相似,但還是有區(qū)別的,區(qū)別主要在以下三方面:1. 從詞類上區(qū)別同位語從句前面的名詞只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定內(nèi)涵的名詞?而定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞?代詞?主句的一部分或是整個主句?如:The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed. (同位語從句)We are

16、not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.(同位語從句)Word came that he had been abroad. (同位語從句)Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.我們的隊贏了,這讓我們很高興?(定語從句)The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位醫(yī)生在房間里面?(定語從句)His mother did all she could to help him with his

17、 study.他媽媽盡她的最大努力幫助他的學習?(定語從句,代詞all作先行詞?)2. 從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語從句是從句對前面抽象名詞的進一步的說明和解釋,屬于名詞性從句的范疇。如:The news that our team has won the game was true. 我們隊贏了那場比賽的消息是真的?(同位語從句,補充說明news到底是一個什么消息?)The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告訴我的那個消息是真的?(定語從句,news在從句中作told的賓語?)I m

18、ade a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我許諾如果誰讓我自由,我就讓他非常富有?(同位語從句,補充說明promise到底是一個什么諾言?)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 媽媽做出了一個令她的孩子們高興的許諾?(定語從句,promise在從句中作pleased的主語?)3. 從引導詞及其在句子中的成分上區(qū)別有些引導詞如how, whether, what可以引導同位語從句,但不能引導定語從句?如:That questi

19、on whether we need it has not been considered. 我們是否需要它這個問題還沒有考慮?(同位語從句)I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他發(fā)生了什么事?(同位語從句)引導詞that引導定語從句時,在從句中一般作主語或賓語(指物時還可以用which代替),并且作賓語時常常省略?that在同位語從句中僅起連接作用,不充當任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which來代替?如:The order that we should send a few people to help the other group

20、s was received yesterday. 我們應派幾個人去幫別的幾個小組的命令昨天收到了?(同位語從句,是對order的具體解釋,that雖不作成分,但不能省略?)The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我們昨天收到的命令是我們應該派幾個人去幫助別的幾個小組?(定語從句,是名詞order的修飾語,that在從句中作received的賓語,可以省略?)高二英語短文改錯專題復習知識總結(jié)歸納：短文改錯的題是一篇意思連貫，但有九行文字

21、中各有一個語法或用詞錯誤的英語短文。它所涉及的知識面很廣，能力要求較高。而且題中所設的錯誤常常是考生自己在寫作中經(jīng)常出的語法錯誤，是專門針對考生的弱點而設的。但它又從另一個角度考查了語法知識的運用。因此，做題時，應從以下幾個方面著手解題：動詞使用錯誤；名詞使用錯誤；形容詞，副詞使用錯誤；連詞使用錯誤；代詞使用錯誤；冠詞使用錯誤；介詞使用錯誤，上下文邏輯錯誤等。在研究每一行的句子時，首先把握句子的意思，然后劃分句子的成分：主語；謂語部分；賓語；狀語：地點，時間，方式等。如果句子是并列句或復合句，先分開各部分小的分句，根據(jù)各個分句之間的關(guān)系判斷使用的連詞是否正確。然后再研究各個分句的成分。（一）名

22、詞使用錯誤：名詞一般在句中做主語或賓語，名詞的錯誤主要在于名詞單，復數(shù)的錯誤使用。1. They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question.： 2. We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics.： 3. We practise three times every week and often watch football match on TV together.：4. Happy birt

23、hday, Peter, and many return of the day. ：。5. He said that she and my schoolmate all wishes me success.：6. On the way up I was taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.：That kind of lie, a little, does two things: it keeps your friend feeling from being hurt.：（二）動詞使用的錯誤：<一> 作為謂語動詞，注意謂

24、語動詞在時態(tài)，語態(tài)，與主語是否一致以及用詞方面的問題。1. My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school team. ：2. . Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.：I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football

25、.：4. the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. Evening came down.：5. As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.：6. The Internet is a computer network that use the telephone system to link millions of computers around the world.<二> 作為非謂語動詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，過

26、去分詞，動名詞，不定式形式的使用錯誤，同時注意非謂語動詞在平行結(jié)構(gòu)中出現(xiàn)的錯誤。1. Not far from the hotel, there was a shop with all kinds of clothes hang up.：2. He had worked on farms and in shops where he spent his spare time studied by himself.：<三> 形容詞，副詞使用錯誤：注意： 形容詞和副詞的比較級，原級，最高級使用方面的問題。 修飾比較級的副詞的錯誤使用。 以ing和以ed結(jié)尾的形容詞的混用。 形容詞和副詞的

27、混用。1. I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting：2. Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.：3. his mother was very poor that she had to send him to a rich family who had no child.：4. 4. People will work few hours than they do now. ：5. Computers will be more smaller and useful.

28、：6. Last week, I went to a movie, which was very moved. <四> 連詞使用錯誤：并列句連詞and與but的誤用是歷年高考題中?？嫉膬?nèi)容。復合句如賓語從句，狀語從句，定語從句中主，從句的連接詞的誤用根據(jù)主從句的關(guān)系可以發(fā)現(xiàn)。1. My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there.：2. My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. 3. It d

29、eosnt matter that I would win or not. 4. An Eskimo boy becomes a man since he kills his first polar bear.：5. The fine-furniture store I work has been in business since the 1920s.：解題思路：首先要理解整個短文的含義，邏輯關(guān)系，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。再仔細研究每一句的意義。借助劃分句子成分的方法判斷每一部分是否有錯誤。讀句子時一定以整句為單位。【模擬試題】（答題時間：45分鐘）AYou can find all kinds information in just 1._a few minute on the Internet. Its like going to a2._huge library without have to walk around to find3._your books. Recently e