高中英語(yǔ)人教必修二 Unit 課文內(nèi)容

1、必修二 Unit3 課文內(nèi)容1. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.本句是由并列連詞and連接的并列句。and后的句子中before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以根據(jù)語(yǔ)境譯作“過了（時(shí)間）才”，“還沒來得及就”或“在之前”。They walked about 30 miles before they saw a village.We

2、 hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. before常用于以下句型中： It was + 時(shí)間段 + before. “過了才”，從句常用一般過去時(shí)。 It was not long before . “不久就”，從句常用一般過去時(shí)。 It will not be long before. “不久就會(huì)”，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 It will be + 時(shí)間段 + before. “要過才”，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。It was five days before he came back.It was not long before he sensed the

3、 danger of the position.It will not be long before they understand each other.It will be half a year before you graduate from the school.練習(xí)：1. It was evening _ we reached the little town of Winchester.A. that B. until C. since D. before 2. Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible

4、to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when 3. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _ I could answer the phone.A. as B. since C. until D. before 4. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse. A. until B. when C.

5、 before D. as 5. It was some time _ we realized the truth. A. when B. until C. since D. before 6. The American Civil War lasted four years _ the North won in the end. A. after B. before C. when D. then 7. Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word. A. be

6、fore B. until C. when D. after 8. How long do you think it will be_ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?Perhaps two or three years.A. when B. until C. that D. before2. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.本句為簡(jiǎn)單句。my goal為主語(yǔ)；動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)to provide.為表語(yǔ)；of high quality作定語(yǔ)，修

7、飾a life. “of + 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)“of + 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。該結(jié)構(gòu)可分為兩類： 名詞有相應(yīng)的形容詞時(shí)，“of + 名詞”可轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的形容詞。這類名詞有value, use, important, help, interest, benefit等。它們可用no, some, any, little, much, great等詞修飾。They are of great help ( = very helpful) to English learners.In fact, sports can be of great benefit (=very beneficial

8、) to our health. 名次沒有相應(yīng)的形容詞時(shí)，“of + 名詞”沒有相應(yīng)的形容詞形式。常見的名詞有age, size, color, weight, quality, height, price, opinion, shape, kind, way等，這些名詞前的限定詞常為a, an, the same等。Mr. Smith, my teacher, is of the same opinion. We are of the same age.Tom is of a different way of thinking.練習(xí)： This book by Tony Garrision

9、is _ for our course. But I think his latest one is better worth reading. A. useless B. of no use C. of great use D. great useful 完成句子 這項(xiàng)工程對(duì)每個(gè)人都大有好處。This project is _ (benefit) to everyone. 同時(shí)，性別差異的主題也很有趣。Also, the topic of sex differences is _ (interest). 在這個(gè)地區(qū)，我們學(xué)校的教學(xué)質(zhì)量是最好的。Our school education is

10、_ (quality) in this area.3. As time sent by I did research into how to make my radio.本句中as time sent by為as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，how to make my radio作介詞into的賓語(yǔ)。 as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“隨著，當(dāng)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 As shots rang, people could be seen running out of the building. as引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“像一樣”。 He is as old as I (

11、am). as引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“照的方式”。 When in Rome, do as the Romans do. as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)，意為“因?yàn)?，由于”?！?As she has no car, she cant get there easily. as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“盡管，雖然”，此時(shí)從句需用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 Happy as/though they were, there was something missing. Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.練習(xí)： Stupid _ it sounds, I was so in love wi

12、th her that I believed her. A. although B. as C. while D. when Lessons can be learned to face the future, _ history cannot be changed. A. though B. as C. since D. unless 完成句子 我們最好快一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樘炀鸵诹恕?We had better hurry, _. 盡管她已經(jīng)很累了，但她想睡覺是沒有指望的。 _, there was no hope of her being able to sleep. 詳細(xì)的調(diào)查顯示多達(dá)50%的

13、病人沒有遵照指示服藥。 Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50% of patients do not take drugs _. (direct)4. She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games.本句為主從復(fù)合句。she has seen while watching human games是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞moves；該定語(yǔ)從句中的while watching human game

14、s為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式，完整形式應(yīng)為while she was watching human games. 狀語(yǔ)從句的省略省略現(xiàn)象一般出現(xiàn)在下列五種狀語(yǔ)從句中： 由when, while, as, before, after, till, until, once等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句； 由whether, if, unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句； 由though, although, even if, whatever等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句； 由as, than等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句； 由as, as if, as though等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句。遵循以下原則： 當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)

15、一致且從句中含有be動(dòng)詞的某種形式時(shí)，可以省略狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。這時(shí)從句中可出現(xiàn)如下結(jié)構(gòu)： 連詞 + 名詞/形容詞/介詞短語(yǔ)While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret.When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her. 連詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞與主句主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生）While (I was) waiting,

16、I was reading some magazines. 連詞 + 過去分詞（過去分詞與主句主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）When (it is) heated, ice can be changed into water. 連詞 + 不定式（構(gòu)成不定式的動(dòng)詞與主句主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且不定式表示的動(dòng)作即將發(fā)生）He stood up as if (he was) to say something. 當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不一致，但從句主語(yǔ)是it時(shí)，從句又含有be動(dòng)詞的某種形式時(shí)，可以把it和be動(dòng)詞一同省略。If (it is) necessary, Ill come tomorrow.練

17、習(xí)： The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, _, reaching 30 in summer.A. if not B. if ever C. if any D. if so 用括號(hào)內(nèi)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 While _ (visit) the city, they received a warm welcome Once _ (begin), it must be done well. When _ (ask) to answer questions, you should stand up. He often ma

18、kes mistakes when _ (speak) English. Unless _ (repair), the machine is of no use. She stood at the gate as if _ (wait) for someone. 完成句子： Hell go to the seaside for his holiday if _ possible. He opened the box, as if _ in search of something important.5. After all, with the help of my electronic bra

19、in which never forgets anything, using my intelligence is what Im all about!本句是主從復(fù)合句，介詞短語(yǔ)with the help of.中含有which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為brain；using my intelligence is what Im all about是句子的主干部分，其中動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)using my intelligence作主語(yǔ)，what Im all about是what引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。 動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）做主語(yǔ) 單個(gè)的動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式，一般來說，動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）做主語(yǔ)表示

20、習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。Talking is an art.Learning English well is not easy. 動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放到句子的末尾。此類的常用句型有： no use/good doing sth. 做某事沒用It is + useless doing sth. 做某事沒用 worthwhile/worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的It is no use waiting here.It is no good/use complaining.Its worthwhile helping others. impor

21、tant, necessary, possible, impossible, essential等形容詞用于形式主語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中，用動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)真正主語(yǔ)。Its important to learn foreign languages. 動(dòng)名詞與動(dòng)詞不定式都可以做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞通常表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的行為；動(dòng)詞不定式則往往表示具體的一次性的動(dòng)作。I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon. 練習(xí)： 用括號(hào)內(nèi)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 _ (say) is easier than _. Its no use _ (cry) over th

22、e split milk. Its necessary _ (keep) the room clean. _ (finish) the task in such a short time is hard for me. _ your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.A. UnderstandingB. To be understoodC. Being understoodD. Having understood現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

23、的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成是：have/has been done。但在不同的句式中，其具體形式也有所不同。 肯定句形式主語(yǔ) + have/has been done + 其他The bridge over the Yellow River has just been completed. The chicken has been stewed for two hours. 否定句形式主語(yǔ) + have/has not been done + 其他They havent been told the exciting new yet, have th

24、ey?The second-hand car has not been sold. 一般疑問句形式Have/Has + 主語(yǔ) + been done + 其他 Has her work been finished? Yes, it has. 特殊疑問句形式特殊疑問詞 + have/has + 主語(yǔ) + been done + 其他How long has the machine been used?2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法 表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作在說話之前已經(jīng)完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，通常與already, yet, never, recently等副詞及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)so f

25、ar, by now, up till now, since等連用。The room has already been cleaned. (現(xiàn)在已不用打掃房間)The doctor hasnt been sent for yet. （現(xiàn)在應(yīng)派人去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生）真題： Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement _ so far by the two sides. A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach D. will have reached Shakespeares play Ham

26、let _ into at least ten different films over the past years. A. had been made B. was made C. has been made D. would be made Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns. A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been pro

27、mised 表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能持續(xù)下去，常與for或since等引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（從句）連用，或用于how long引出的句子中。The machine has been repaired for two hours.How long has the project been carried out? 用在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來某時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。Well start as soon as the work has been finished.真題：We wont start the work until all the preparations _.A.

28、 are being made B. will be madeC. have been made D. had been made從句中的動(dòng)作若要表示比謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，遵循以下原則：主句：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/一般將來時(shí) 從句：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主句：一般過去時(shí) 從句：過去完成時(shí)3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，即have/has和been，缺一不可。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別：一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間，其結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在沒有影響；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)側(cè)重于表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)盡管發(fā)生在過去，但該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響（或

29、產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果）。The big fire was put out two hours ago.The big fire has been put out.真題： I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but _ thankfully by the shop window.A. am held back B. held back C. hold back D. was held back Did you enjoy the party? Yes, we _ well by our hosts.A. were treated

30、 B. would be treated C. treated D. had treated The diamond mine _ accidentally by a little boy when he was playing hide-and-seek.A. discovered B. was discovered C. has been discovered D. would discovered finish, buy, start, begin, return, borrow, join, open等非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。這個(gè)工程開始多久了？

31、【誤】How long has this project been started?【正】How long ago was this project started? 只帶有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，講主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，例如：主動(dòng)：We have built many bridges in the past ten years.被動(dòng)：Many bridges have been built (by us) in the past ten years. 帶有雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，如：give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sin

32、g, write, sell, buy, ask, pay, lend, offer, hand, pass, get, promise等，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可將其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)保持不變，但要注意間接賓語(yǔ)與介詞的搭配。主動(dòng)：He has sent me an e-mail.被動(dòng)：I have been sent an e-mail.被動(dòng)：An e-mail has been sent to me. 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中要保持其完整性，不可省略短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的介詞或副詞。It is said that the problem has been looked into.

33、練習(xí)：I將主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句或被動(dòng)句變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)句1. My father has repaired the TV set._2. The teacher has borrowed the books._3. They have asked him some questions._4. The cake has been eaten by him._5. The house has been set fire to by him._II. 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. A lot of survivors _ (rescue) by the soldiers in that area where the earthquake happened since yesterday.2. The topic _ (talk) about for a long time on the Internet.3. Why not go into the reading room? The door _ (lock).4. _ your new novel _ (translated) into English recently?5. The sports meeting of our school _ (pu