第4講形容詞、副詞

1、第第4講形容詞、副詞講形容詞、副詞(一一)形容詞變副詞形容詞變副詞1形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則：形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則：(1)一般在形容詞詞尾加一般在形容詞詞尾加ly。 carefulcarefully；(2)以以y結(jié)尾的形容詞，變結(jié)尾的形容詞，變y為為i再加再加ly。 happyhappily；(3)以以le結(jié)尾的形容詞，將結(jié)尾的形容詞，將e直接變?yōu)橹苯幼優(yōu)閥。 terribleterribly，probableprobably，passiblepossibly2特殊情況特殊情況(1)不是所有的副詞都由形容詞加不是所有的副詞都由形容詞加ly構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。 goodwell(2)有的形容詞本身也可作副詞。有

2、的形容詞本身也可作副詞。 He is a fast runner.(形容詞形容詞) He runs fastest in our class.(副詞副詞) 注意：注意：deep，wide，close，high等副詞與等副詞與deeply，widely，closely，highly 等等ly結(jié)尾的副詞有區(qū)別，后者主要指抽象的程度。結(jié)尾的副詞有區(qū)別，后者主要指抽象的程度。close與與closely close意思是意思是“近近”；closely 意思是意思是“仔細地仔細地” He is sitting close to me.他靠近我坐。他靠近我坐。 Watch him closely.我仔細看

3、他。我仔細看他。late與與lately late意思是意思是“晚晚”；lately 意思是意思是“最近最近” You have come too late.你來得太晚了。你來得太晚了。 What have you been doing lately？你最近干了些什么？你最近干了些什么？ deep與與deeply deep意思是意思是“深深”，表示空間深度；，表示空間深度；deeply時常表示感情上的時常表示感情上的深度，深度，“深深地深深地” He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把樹枝插進土里。他把樹枝插進土里。 Even father was de

4、eply moved by the film. 甚至我的父親都被這部電影深深地打動了。甚至我的父親都被這部電影深深地打動了。 high與與highly high表示空間高度；表示空間高度；highly表示程度，相當于表示程度，相當于much The plane was flying high.飛機飛得很高。飛機飛得很高。 I think highly of your opinion.我認為你的觀點很超前。我認為你的觀點很超前。 wide與與widely wide表示空間寬度；表示空間寬度；widely意思是意思是“廣泛地廣泛地”，“在許多地方在許多地方” He opened the door

5、wide.他把門大開著。他把門大開著。 English is widely used in the world.英語在全世界被廣泛地運英語在全世界被廣泛地運用。用。 free與與freely free的意思是的意思是“免費免費”；freely 的意思是的意思是“無限制地無限制地” You can eat free in my restaurant.在我的餐館里你可以免費吃。在我的餐館里你可以免費吃。 You may speak freely;say what you like.你喜歡說什么你喜歡說什么,盡管說。盡管說。(二二)用法及區(qū)別用法及區(qū)別1形容詞的用法形容詞的用法 形容詞修飾名詞，在句

6、中主要用作定語、表語、賓語補足語等。形容詞修飾名詞，在句中主要用作定語、表語、賓語補足語等。 There was a nice old wooden bridge over the river ten years ago. (定語定語) Your bedroom is clean and tidy. (表語表語) I find the boy friendly and hardworking. (賓語補足語賓語補足語) 如果名詞前有多個形容詞作定語，則應(yīng)按照以下順序排列：如果名詞前有多個形容詞作定語，則應(yīng)按照以下順序排列： 限定詞限定詞(冠詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等冠詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等)性質(zhì)性質(zhì)長短、大小

7、、形狀長短、大小、形狀老少、新舊老少、新舊顏色顏色 國籍、地區(qū)、出處國籍、地區(qū)、出處材料材料用途用途名詞。名詞。 There is a beautiful large old red Chinese wooden bed on show in the museum.注意：形容詞的特殊用法。注意：形容詞的特殊用法。(1)有的形容詞如有的形容詞如alone, afraid, asleep, alive, awake, ashamed, ill (生病的生病的), worth, glad, unable, well等只能用作表語，不能用作定語。等只能用作表語，不能用作定語。 He has been

8、ill for a few months.( 錯錯) She is not asleep, she is awake.()(2)當形容詞修飾不定代詞時，要放在其后面。當形容詞修飾不定代詞時，要放在其后面。 Is there anything else that you want to say? No, nothing else.(3)形容詞一般不能用作狀語。形容詞一般不能用作狀語。 She speaks English good.(錯錯) She speaks English well.()2副詞的用法副詞的用法 副詞主要用作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或一個句子。副詞主要用作狀語，修飾動

9、詞、形容詞、其他副詞或一個句子。 He always walks very quickly (very修飾副詞修飾副詞quickly，而，而quickly則修飾動詞則修飾動詞walks) Today is terribly cold. (修飾形容詞修飾形容詞cold) Unluckily,_both of his parents were badly hurt in the traffic accident.(修修 飾全句飾全句) 副詞一般不能作定語、表語、賓語補足語。如：副詞一般不能作定語、表語、賓語補足語。如： She has a beautifully voice.(錯錯) Her br

10、other is really lazily.(錯錯) I found that boy cleverly.(錯錯) 但有些副詞但有些副詞(主要是時間副詞、地點副詞主要是時間副詞、地點副詞)可用作定語、表語、賓語補足語。如：可用作定語、表語、賓語補足語。如： The people here are all very kind to me. (定語定語) How long will you be away? (表語表語) I saw him out. (賓語補足語賓語補足語)注意：副詞在句中的位置：注意：副詞在句中的位置：(1)多數(shù)副詞位于它所修飾的動詞或動詞短語之后。多數(shù)副詞位于它所修飾的動詞

11、或動詞短語之后。 He often drives very carefully. He speaks English very well.(2)表示頻度的副詞表示頻度的副詞always, usually, often, never等常放在等常放在be動詞，情態(tài)動詞動詞，情態(tài)動詞和助動詞后、其他動詞之前。和助動詞后、其他動詞之前。 My mother always gets up earliest in my family. You must never forget it. I dont often have breakfast at home. 為了加強語氣，有時也把表示時間或表示頻度的副詞

12、放在句首。為了加強語氣，有時也把表示時間或表示頻度的副詞放在句首。 Yesterday I slept very late. She often walks to work, but sometimes she goes to by bus.(3)用于修飾形容詞或副詞的程度副詞，常放在被修飾詞之前，用于修飾形容詞或副詞的程度副詞，常放在被修飾詞之前，enough除外。除外。 He is too young to be left at home alone. The room is large enough for four people to live in.(4)修飾整個句子的副詞往往放在句

13、首。修飾整個句子的副詞往往放在句首。 Finally we got to the village after two hours walk. 用用close，closely，late，lately，deep，deeply填空。填空。1The girl got _to her mother because she felt a little cold.2He watched me _.3Have you seen him _?4It was _ in the afternoon.5The hole is _.6He cares for her_.closecloselylatelylatedee

14、pdeeply(三三)形容詞、副詞的比較等級形容詞、副詞的比較等級 大多數(shù)形容詞、副詞都有原級、比較級和最高級三種形式。大多數(shù)形容詞、副詞都有原級、比較級和最高級三種形式。1原級變比較級、最高級的方法原級變比較級、最高級的方法(1)單音節(jié)的形容詞、副詞以及以單音節(jié)的形容詞、副詞以及以“y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞。結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞。一般在末尾加一般在末尾加er變成比較級，加變成比較級，加est變成最高級。變成最高級。 longlongerlongest以以e結(jié)尾的，在末尾加結(jié)尾的，在末尾加r構(gòu)成比較級，加構(gòu)成比較級，加st構(gòu)成最高級。構(gòu)成最高級。 finefinerfinest以以y結(jié)尾的，先將結(jié)

15、尾的，先將y變?yōu)樽優(yōu)閕，再加，再加er，est構(gòu)成比較級、最高級。構(gòu)成比較級、最高級。 drydrierdriest, heavyheavierheaviest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的，雙寫該字母再加以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的，雙寫該字母再加er，est。 bigbiggerbiggest特殊變化。特殊變化。 good/wellbetterbest ill/bad/badlyworseworst many/muchmoremost oldolder/elderoldest/eldest farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest fun

16、/likemore fun/likemost fun/like(2)其他的形容詞、副詞其他的形容詞、副詞(即不以即不以y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞、副詞、多音節(jié)的形容詞、結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞、副詞、多音節(jié)的形容詞、副詞副詞)，在它們前面加，在它們前面加more構(gòu)成比較級，加構(gòu)成比較級，加most構(gòu)成最高級。構(gòu)成最高級。 carefulmore carefulmost careful slowlymore slowlymost slowly beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful seriouslymore seriouslymost seriously 也可在它們前面

17、加也可在它們前面加less, least 構(gòu)成另一種比較級、最高級。構(gòu)成另一種比較級、最高級。 interestingless interesting(沒那么有趣沒那么有趣)least interesting(最沒趣最沒趣)2形容詞、副詞三級的用法形容詞、副詞三級的用法(1)不進行比較時用原級。不進行比較時用原級。 Pingpong is very popular in this country.(2)兩者相比，程度一樣時，用同級比較兩者相比，程度一樣時，用同級比較“as.as”。 Pingpong is as popular as basketball in this country. 兩者

18、相比，程度不一樣，可用否定的同級比較兩者相比，程度不一樣，可用否定的同級比較 not as/so.as(不如不如/不不及及)。 Other sports are not as/so popular as pingpong in this country.注意：肯定的同級比較、否定的同級比較里都要用原級。注意：肯定的同級比較、否定的同級比較里都要用原級。 兩者相比，程度不一樣時，也可用比較級。兩者相比，程度不一樣時，也可用比較級。 Pingpong more popular than other sports in this country.(3)三者或三者以上相比表三者或三者以上相比表“最最”

19、時要用形容詞、副詞的最高級。時要用形容詞、副詞的最高級。 Pingpong is one of the most popular sports in this country. Mother gets up(the)earliest in our family. 其比較范圍常由其比較范圍常由in，of 引出，形容詞的最高級前一般要用引出，形容詞的最高級前一般要用the，副詞的最高級，副詞的最高級可加可加the也可不加也可不加the；其比較范圍常由；其比較范圍常由of或或in引出，引出，of后跟同類的比較對象，后跟同類的比較對象，in后跟不同類的比較范圍。后跟不同類的比較范圍。(4)形容詞、副詞

20、三級的特殊用法：形容詞、副詞三級的特殊用法：比較級句型中的比較級句型中的than是連接詞，連接比較狀語從句，但從句中與主句相同的是連接詞，連接比較狀語從句，但從句中與主句相同的部分可省略。部分可省略。 He drives more carefully than I drive. (也可說成：也可說成：He drives more carefully than I do/I/me.)比較狀語從句中，為避免重復(fù)，可用比較狀語從句中，為避免重復(fù)，可用that代替不可數(shù)名詞，用代替不可數(shù)名詞，用one代替可數(shù)代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，用名詞單數(shù)，用those代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 The wea

21、ther in the south is much warmer than that in the north. I think the picture on the right is better than the one on the left. Students in our school have less homework than those in their school.比較級前可用比較級前可用much/far/a lot，a little/a bit/a little bit，some，any，no，even/still等來表達不同的程度。等來表達不同的程度。 This ba

22、g is very good，but that bag is even better. I hope you can do it a little more carefully next time.比較級重疊表比較級重疊表“越來越越來越”。 Life is getting better and better，but people are getting more and more stressed out.(請注意重疊方式。請注意重疊方式。)比較級前一般不用比較級前一般不用the，但其作定語或相當于名詞用表示，但其作定語或相當于名詞用表示“兩者之最兩者之最”時，時，要要 用用the用用“the

23、比較級比較級(名詞名詞)of”這一結(jié)構(gòu)。這一結(jié)構(gòu)。 Of my parents，my mother is the older of my parents. Which is the more interesting of the two movies?“the比較級主語謂語，比較級主語謂語，the比較級主語謂語比較級主語謂語”表示表示“越越，就，就越越”。 The more you have，the more you want. The more carefully you drive，the fewer traffic accidents will happen to you.最高級前面還可

24、以加序數(shù)詞，表示最高級前面還可以加序數(shù)詞，表示“第幾最第幾最” The yellow River is the second longest river in China.形容詞的最高級前面有時不加形容詞的最高級前面有時不加the，而加，而加a(an)。 This is a best park. This is a very good park.(僅表僅表“非常非?！? I am busiest on Tuesday.(不與其他人、物進行比較不與其他人、物進行比較)最高級可以轉(zhuǎn)換成特殊的比較級或同級比較最高級可以轉(zhuǎn)換成特殊的比較級或同級比較(一個人一個人/物與其他所有人物與其他所有人/物或其物

25、或其 任一人任一人/比較比較)。 My brother is the tallest in his class. My brother is taller than any other student in his class. My brother is taller than any of the other students in his class. My brother is taller than anyone else in his class. My brother is taller than(all)the other students in his class. My b

26、rother is taller than everybody else in his class. Nobody else is as tall as my brother in his class.()1.Which city has _ population，Beijing，Guiyang or Xingxi? Xingxi，of course.(2012黔西南黔西南) Athe largest Bthe smallest Cthe most Dthe least解析：解析：A.考查形容詞的最高級和對人口的修飾詞。修飾人口數(shù)量的形容詞可以考查形容詞的最高級和對人口的修飾詞。修飾人口數(shù)量的

27、形容詞可以用用large或者或者small，興義的人口肯定沒有北京和貴陽的多，因此選擇，興義的人口肯定沒有北京和貴陽的多，因此選擇B。()2.Shuhow Lin is now one of _ basketball players in the NBA. (2012福州福州) Apopular Bmore popular Cthe most popular解析：考查形容詞最高級的用法。由句尾解析：考查形容詞最高級的用法。由句尾“in the NBA”可知這里的比較限制可知這里的比較限制了了范圍，所以考慮用形容詞的最高級形式，范圍，所以考慮用形容詞的最高級形式，one of形容詞最高級名詞復(fù)數(shù)

28、表形容詞最高級名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示示“最最之一之一”。句意為。句意為“林書豪現(xiàn)在是林書豪現(xiàn)在是NBA最受歡迎的隊員之一最受歡迎的隊員之一”。故選。故選C。倍數(shù)表示法倍數(shù)表示法 I am twice your age.(我年齡是你的兩倍。我年齡是你的兩倍。) I am twice as old as you. I am once older than you. This road is three times wider than that one. This road is four times as wide as that one. This road is four times the widt

29、h of that one. ()4.When an earthquake happens，and you are outdoors，you should go to an open area as _ apossible. (2013臨沂臨沂) Aquickly Bquietly Cloudly Dslowly 解析：考查副詞詞義辨析。解析：考查副詞詞義辨析。quickly快速地；快速地；quietly安靜地；安靜地；loudly 大聲地；大聲地；slowly慢慢地。又句意是：當?shù)卣鸢l(fā)生，并且你慢慢地。又句意是：當?shù)卣鸢l(fā)生，并且你在戶外時，你應(yīng)該盡快地去一個開闊的區(qū)域。故選在戶外時，你應(yīng)該盡

30、快地去一個開闊的區(qū)域。故選A項。項。()3.Jack，I have to have a talk with your father today. Sorry，Mrs King.He is going on business and wont be _ until next week.(2013山西山西) Aout Baway Cback解析：考查副詞詞義。句意：杰克，我今天必須和你爸爸談一下？解析：考查副詞詞義。句意：杰克，我今天必須和你爸爸談一下？對不起對不起King夫人，他要因公外出，直到下周才回來。夫人，他要因公外出，直到下周才回來。be out“出出去去”；be away“離開離開”；

31、be back“回來回來”，根據(jù)題意選，根據(jù)題意選C。 ()5.Look at the bird over there！Its so beautiful! Wow！Its a rare crane.It _ appears in this area. Aalways Busually Cseldom Doften(2013無錫無錫) 解析：本題考查副詞詞義辨析。解析：本題考查副詞詞義辨析。always總是；總是；usually通常；通常； seldom很少；很少；often經(jīng)常。由前半句經(jīng)常。由前半句“哇，是丹頂鶴哇，是丹頂鶴”可知在這兒可知在這兒是是 很少出現(xiàn)這種鳥。故選很少出現(xiàn)這種鳥。故選

32、C。 ()6.The baby is sleeping.please speak _.(2013聊城聊城) Aloudly Bclearly Cquietly Dpolitely 解析：考查副詞的用法。解析：考查副詞的用法。loudly意思是意思是“大聲地大聲地”，clearly意思是意思是 “清楚地清楚地”，quietly 意思是意思是“安靜地安靜地”，politely 意思是意思是“有禮有禮貌地貌地”, 根據(jù)句意：根據(jù)句意：“這個嬰兒睡著了，請輕聲地說話。這個嬰兒睡著了，請輕聲地說話。”所以選擇答案所以選擇答案C。 ()7.David was so excited at the good

33、news that he could _ say a word.(2013臨沂臨沂) Anearly Bhard Cever Dhardly 解析：考查副詞的用法。解析：考查副詞的用法。nearly意為意為“幾乎、將近幾乎、將近”，相當于，相當于 almost；hard為多義詞，作副詞講，意為為多義詞，作副詞講，意為“努力地、辛苦地努力地、辛苦地”； hardly油表頻率，意為油表頻率，意為“幾乎不幾乎不”；ever意為意為“曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)”。又句意：。又句意：聽到聽到 這個好消息戴維激動地幾乎說不出話來。故選這個好消息戴維激動地幾乎說不出話來。故選D項。項。( )1.Peter is _ than

34、 you，right? Yes，but he runs _ in our class.(2013達州達州) Aheavier，fastest Bheavy，the fastest Cheavier，faster Dheavy，faster( )2.I like to read English in the garden because the flowers in it smell _.(2013 內(nèi)江內(nèi)江) Agood Bwell Cbad Dbadly( )3.Please be _.Theres an important meeting in the next room.(2013重慶重

35、慶) Aquickly Bquick Cquietly Dquiet( )4.You look tired these days.I think you need a _ sleep.(2013重慶重慶) Ashorter Bshortest Cbetter Dbest( )5.David is _ student in our class.Nobody is taller than him. (2013成都成都) Atall Btaller Cthe tallest( )6.Debbie is growing fast.She is even _ than her mother. Atall

36、 Btaller Ctallest Dthe tallest (2013北京北京)AADCCB( )7.Is the child any better today? I think so.His temperature seems _ now.(2013武漢武漢) Ahigh Bnormal Clow Dspecial( )8.Its much _ to have a small lovely room than a big cold one. Agood Bwell Cbetter Dbest(2013杭州杭州)( )9._ would you like to choose to live

37、in，Chengdu，Beijing or Shanghai? Chengdu，I think.(2013內(nèi)江內(nèi)江) AHow BWhat CWhen DWhich( )10.Which season do you like _，summer or winter? Summer.(2013長沙長沙) Awell Bbest Cbetter( )11.My old neighbour Charles felt _ after his children moved out. Alonely BsafelyCangrily Dhappily(2013上海上海)( )12.The volunteer

38、spoke as _ as she could to make the visitors understand her.(2013上海上海) Aclearly Bmore clearly Cmost clearly Dthe most clearly( )13.I work hard this term, but Peter works much _.(2012北京北京) Ahard Bharder Chardest Dthe hardest( )14.If there is _ pollution, the air in our city will be _ dirtier. (2012安順

39、安順) Aless; more Bmore; much Cless; less Dmore; moreBCDCAABB ( )15.Lets go shopping at the new mall.(2012孝感孝感) Why not shop online? Its _. Aexpensive Bmore expensive Cless expensive Dthe most expensive ( )16.This Tshirt is not large enough.Please show me a _ one.( 2012成都成都) Alarge Blarger Clargest (

40、)17.Peter has changed a lot, hasnt he？(2012達州達州) Yes.He used to _ the guitar, but now he is more _ in playing soccer. Aplays; interested Bplay；interested Cplay; interesting Dplaying; interest ( )18.Which do you like _， summer of winter? Id prefer winter.(2012綿陽綿陽) Abetter Bbest Cgood Dwell ( )19.Thi

41、ngs are _ on the moon than on the earth.(2012雅安雅安) Amuch heavier Bthe heaviest Cmuch lighter Dthe lightestCABAC單項選擇。單項選擇。(每小題每小題1分，共分，共15分分)( )1.New York is bigger than _ in China. Aany other city Bthe other cities Cany city Dall the city( )2.Which subject is _， English, Chinese or math? Amore difficult Bmost difficult Cthe most easy Dthe easiest