人教版選修6高二英語(yǔ)_語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)_虛擬語(yǔ)氣

1、4 陳述語(yǔ)氣陳述語(yǔ)氣I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet.4 祈祈使語(yǔ)氣使語(yǔ)氣Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.一一. 語(yǔ)氣的分類(lèi)語(yǔ)氣的分類(lèi)英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般可帶三種不同的語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般可帶三種不同的語(yǔ)氣: 陳陳述語(yǔ)氣述語(yǔ)氣, 祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。不同的語(yǔ)氣祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。不同的語(yǔ)氣用用動(dòng)詞的不同形式動(dòng)詞的不同形式來(lái)表示。來(lái)表示。4 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣If I were you, I would not leave h

2、er alone.Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.關(guān)于陳述語(yǔ)氣關(guān)于陳述語(yǔ)氣1 1（用來(lái)陳述講話人（用來(lái)陳述講話人認(rèn)為是事實(shí)的事情）認(rèn)為是事實(shí)的事情） I am not interested in what you said.Have you ever been to France?What a splendid palace!What will you do if it rains tomorrow?I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.關(guān)于陳述語(yǔ)氣關(guān)于陳述

3、語(yǔ)氣 2 2關(guān)于祈使語(yǔ)氣關(guān)于祈使語(yǔ)氣 1 1(The Imperative Mood) 關(guān)于祈使語(yǔ)氣關(guān)于祈使語(yǔ)氣 2 2關(guān)于關(guān)于祈祈使語(yǔ)氣使語(yǔ)氣 3 3關(guān)于祈使語(yǔ)氣關(guān)于祈使語(yǔ)氣 4 4虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣Subjunctive Mood 如果我有一千萬(wàn)，我就能買(mǎi)一棟房子如果我有一千萬(wàn)，我就能買(mǎi)一棟房子 我有一千萬(wàn)嗎？我有一千萬(wàn)嗎？ 沒(méi)有。沒(méi)有。 所以我仍然沒(méi)有房子。所以我仍然沒(méi)有房子。 如果我有翅膀，我就能飛。如果我有翅膀，我就能飛。 我有翅膀嗎？我有翅膀嗎？ 沒(méi)有。沒(méi)有。 所以我也沒(méi)辦法飛。所以我也沒(méi)辦法飛。 如果把整個(gè)太平洋的水倒出，如果把整個(gè)太平洋的水倒出， 也澆不息我對(duì)你愛(ài)情的火也澆不息我

4、對(duì)你愛(ài)情的火 整個(gè)太平洋的水全部倒得出嗎？整個(gè)太平洋的水全部倒得出嗎？ 不行。不行。 所以我并不愛(ài)你。所以我并不愛(ài)你。 These show your good wishes or dreams. It is evident that they are not real or they cant come true romantic , unrealistic, best wishes 條件句：分真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句兩條件句：分真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句兩種。種。a. 真實(shí)條件句真實(shí)條件句 表示條件是真的或有可能表示條件是真的或有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的實(shí)現(xiàn)的, 采用陳述語(yǔ)氣。采用陳述語(yǔ)氣。b. 虛擬條件句表

5、示條件是無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)或幾虛擬條件句表示條件是無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)或幾乎無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的乎無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的, 采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 (The Subjunctive Mood)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)話不是事實(shí), 而是一種假設(shè)而是一種假設(shè), 愿望愿望, 懷疑或推懷疑或推測(cè)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣主要用于測(cè)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣主要用于if條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句, 真實(shí)條件句真實(shí)條件句 真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語(yǔ)氣真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語(yǔ)氣, 假設(shè)的情假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生況可能發(fā)生, 其中其中if是如果的意思。是如果的意思。時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系句型句型: 條件從句條件從句 主句主句 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) shall/will + 動(dòng)詞原形

6、動(dòng)詞原形If he comes, he will bring his violin.The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained答案答案B真實(shí)條件句主句為將來(lái)時(shí)真實(shí)條件句主句為將來(lái)時(shí), 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。注意：注意： 在真實(shí)條件句中在真實(shí)條件句中, 主句不能用主句不能用be going to表示將來(lái)表示將來(lái), 該用該用shall, will。 (錯(cuò)錯(cuò)) If you leave now, you are never going to regre

7、t it. (對(duì)對(duì)) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2) 表示表示真理真理時(shí)時(shí), 主句主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞便不用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞便不用shall (will) +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形, 而直接而直接用一用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式。般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式。If he has time , he always walks into the caf and asks for a cup of coffee.二二. if 虛擬條件句的概念虛擬條件句的概念由由 if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句叫作引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句叫作 if虛擬虛擬條件句條件句I could easily recogni

8、ze if I had seen him before.其他虛擬條件句其他虛擬條件句（without 或或but for ）Without your help, I couldnt have finished my work on time. 三三. if 虛擬條件句的結(jié)構(gòu)虛擬條件句的結(jié)構(gòu)a. 表示表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)的假設(shè)b. 表示表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)的假設(shè)c. 表示表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)的假設(shè)1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中從句中表示與表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)的假設(shè), 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣If I were a

9、 boy, I would join the army.條件條件從句從句If 從句的謂語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)形式形式主句的謂語(yǔ)形式主句的謂語(yǔ)形式現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)(were)would/could/should/might +v. (原原)What would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery,I wouldIf I won the lottery now, I would travel around the world.If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car. If I

10、had a lot of money, I would buy a villa.villaIf it were fine now,I would go shopping.If I _a teacher, I.wereIf I were a teacher, I would not leave much homeworka. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice.b. If the world-war _ (burst) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth?werewould

11、takeburstwould happenPRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks.c. If I _ (be) in your position, I _ (ask) for teachers help.werewould ask條件條件從句從句If 從句的謂從句的謂語(yǔ)形式語(yǔ)形式 主句的謂語(yǔ)形式主句的謂語(yǔ)形式過(guò)過(guò)去去 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)( (hadhad + done) + done)would/could/should/might + have+ doneb. 表示表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)的假設(shè)If he _ more carefully, he _ t

12、he car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had 發(fā)生交通事故發(fā)生交通事故have a car accidentIf I _time last night, I _ to see the film with you . (have time; go)had hadwould have goneIf I _ how to swim, (learn)I _ trapped in this island. (be trapped)had learnt would not have been a. If Tom _ (be) more ca

13、reful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already.b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caughtPRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks.catch-caught-caughtc. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together.had metwould have gone條件條件從句從句If

14、從句的謂語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)形式形式主句的謂語(yǔ)形式主句的謂語(yǔ)形式未未來(lái)來(lái)1. 過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)(v-ed)2. should+ v.3. were to dowould/could/ should/ might +v. (原原)c. 表示表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)的假設(shè)If he got up early tomorrow, he would be on timeIf we _ Zhejiang University (visit) tomorrow, _.we would go to the library.two years later , maybe you will be in X U

15、niversity visitedshould visitwere to visit Nothing in the world can be as painful as this. Just let your sword cut into my throat! Dont hesitate! If the God _me another chance，I_ the girl three words: I love her! (give/tell) If our love _ be set a time limit, I wish it _ 10,000 years! (have to/ be)s

16、hould give/were to give/gavewould tellhad to would be If I did/ were to do/ should +v., I would/ could/ might/ should +v.”If I grew up ,I would be a/an just like LuYu .When I grow upactress劉亦菲guitar playerhostess魯豫If 條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句 含義含義If If 從句從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主句謂語(yǔ)形式主句謂語(yǔ)形式 例句例句與現(xiàn)在事與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反實(shí)相反wer

17、e didmight/should would/could+ dohad done would/could/should might have doneIf I were a teacher, I would not leave much homeworkIf we had studied harder, we would have entered Cannan high schoolIf條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句 含義含義If 從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 主句謂語(yǔ)形式主句謂語(yǔ)形式 表示對(duì)未來(lái)表示對(duì)未來(lái)的虛擬的虛擬didshould dowere to would/could do1.If I h

18、ad had enough money I would buy a new car. 2. He would have come to the party if he wasnt busy3. If I were the volunteer of Shanghai expo, I would not have studied here .*4.If I had studied English hard in middle school, my English would not have been so poor (bad) now would have boughthad not beenw

19、ould not studywould not be 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝If I were a teacher, I would have lots of students._ I a teacher, I would have lots of students.If I had entered ruian high school, I would not sit here now._ _entered ruian high school, I would not sit here now.If we should visit Zhejiang University tomorrow

20、, I would play basketball there._ _ Zhejiang University tomorrow, I would play basketball there.WereHad IShould we三三. .介詞介詞 without without 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)代替引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)代替 if if 引導(dǎo)的條件引導(dǎo)的條件從句從句. .有時(shí)有時(shí)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件從句，可用介詞引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件從句，可用介詞without 或或but for 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)來(lái)代替引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)來(lái)代替If there were no water, fish could not live. Without w

21、ater, fish could not live.2. If you had not helped me, I would have failed.Without /but for your help, I would have failed.3. If the Party didnt lead us, we could not realize .Without the Partys leadership, we could not realize . 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣在虛擬語(yǔ)氣在 在條件從句中在條件從句中Testing formTesting form1. I didnt see

22、your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come2.But for the help of my English teacher, I _the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 3 If there were no wat

23、er in the world, everything _. A. will die B. would die C. would have died D. have died 4 If I _ you, I _ more attention to English idioms and phrases.A. was; shall pay B. am; will pay C. would be; would pay D. were; would pay 5 Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A would have missed B. had m

24、issed C. would miss D. missed6 .It was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy. He would be still alive today if he _ that drug. A. not take B. shouldnt have taken C. didnt take D. hadnt taken 7.(2002上海高考題上海高考題)It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age o

25、f seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 8.If it _ so hard，wed go to town. A. isnt raining B. werent raining C. doesnt rain D. has rain 主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間, 這時(shí)主從句位于動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因這時(shí)主從句位于動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同時(shí)間不同而

26、不同, 這叫做這叫做混合條件句混合條件句。 例句中從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反例句中從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反, 主句與主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.If the staff had been more careful, the mall would not be on fire now.wishIn Subjunctive moodI wish I were as tall as YaoMing .I Wish I wish I were a bird.1) 表示對(duì)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的

27、虛擬現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬: 從從句動(dòng)詞用句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式過(guò)去式(v-ed) (be動(dòng)動(dòng)詞一般用詞一般用were) 。I wish every day were my birthday.I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.(2) 表示對(duì)表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況過(guò)去情況的虛擬的虛擬:從句動(dòng)詞從句動(dòng)詞常用常用“had過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞”。The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.(3) 表示對(duì)將來(lái)的主觀愿望表示對(duì)將來(lái)的主觀愿望: 從句動(dòng)詞形從句動(dòng)詞形式為式為 “ would動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”。但愿

28、她立刻來(lái)。但愿她立刻來(lái)。I wish she would come soon.I wish it would rain tomorrow.I wish.tomorrow與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反+would /could/ might +do(將來(lái)不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望將來(lái)不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 ) 二二. wish 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.I wish I_(be) as strong as you.2.How I wish I _(be) young again.3.I wish I _(see) you yesterday.4.I wish I_(know) your tel

29、ephone number earlier.5.I wish I _(can fly) to the moon one day.werewerehad seenhad knowncould fly6. Have you ever been to Beijing? No, but I wish I _.A. have B. will C. do D. had7. I wish that I _ with you last night.A. could have gone B. could go C. have gone D. went E. had gone 5. I wish that you

30、 _ such a bad headache because Im sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.A. wouldnt have B. didnt haveC. hadnt had D. havent had 6 I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night. A. was B. were C. had been D. should be 三三.as if /as through 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句“好好象似乎象似乎”1.The woman takes goo

31、d care of the orphans as if she_(be ) their own mother. 2.She speaks English so fluently as if she _ (study) it in England. 3. It looks as if it _ (be) going to rainwerehad studiedwereHe behaves as if he owned the house.( But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns

32、 it or not.)He talks about Rome as though hehad been there himself. These show your good wishes or dreams. 退一步海闊天空（時(shí)態(tài)往后退）退一步海闊天空（時(shí)態(tài)往后退） It also can show suggestions, orders, requirements要用要用should+do 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成 (P87記得要背誦這些詞記得要背誦這些詞( o )哦哦09 年高考再現(xiàn)年高考再現(xiàn) It is recommended that you _swim after eating a large

33、meal.A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. neednt D. shouldnt The workers in the factory demanded that the boss _their pay by 20% A. should raise B. would be raised C. raised D. raise The insisted that he _（be) right and _ free. (set) The smile on his face suggested that he _(be) happy He suggests that we _one more day off.