附件29話題展開(kāi)方法二

1、定義法（Definition)：如果演講的主題闡述“是什么（Whatis)”,即段話來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明某事物的性質(zhì)和特征等，定義的對(duì)象是個(gè)抽象的概念或具體的事物， 包括性質(zhì)、特征、結(jié)構(gòu)、途、為、原理、來(lái)源等，便可定義法。定義法常表達(dá)法有what is, to be defined as, thedefinition ofis,因果法(Cause and Effect): 當(dāng)主題要解釋“為什么(Why）”時(shí)，便可采“因果法”。因果法根據(jù)物的原因(Cause)推導(dǎo)出來(lái)結(jié)果(Effect)，事實(shí)（Fact)和證據(jù)(Evidence)為根據(jù)，前后過(guò)程合乎邏輯和常理。較與對(duì)法(Comparison/Contra

2、st):當(dāng)主題要指出兩件（以上） 事物的相同(Similarities) 或(Differences)之處時(shí)，便可采較或?qū)Ψ?。例如：Somepeoplesaythatrailwaysaremoreimportantopinion,thanautomobileroads.Butinmyautomobileroadsandrailwayscomplementeachother.Railwaysdonotcantuthbesmallplaces,whileautomobileroadsconstructed to reach every place.舉例或例證法(ExampleandIllustra

3、tion):當(dāng)主題為理論性論點(diǎn)時(shí)，就需要通過(guò)舉例或例證來(lái)加以持，以說(shuō)服聽(tīng)者，同時(shí)要注意邏輯嚴(yán)密。分類法(Classification):按性質(zhì)、特征、形態(tài)、功、成因等屬性將某種或事物進(jìn)分類發(fā)展段落的法。先由主題句提出分類，再由擴(kuò)展句逐陳述和說(shuō)明，如休閑娛樂(lè)的式，按類別來(lái)分類就有唱歌、看電影、玩游戲、打球、看書(shū)等。請(qǐng)求重復(fù)問(wèn)題（Asking for Repetition）Im afraid I not quite clear aboutSorry, I dont get it.提問(wèn)（Raising Questions）I wonder if you could tell me.避免冷場(chǎng)（Avoi

4、ding Stage Wait）Well, let me see.Well, what I really want to say is that The point Im trying to make is that Let me put it another way.給出觀點(diǎn)（Giving an Opinion）ally, I think/feel/believe/supposeAs far as Im concerned From my perspective, 表達(dá)同意或不同意（ExpressingDisagreement）Agreementor完全同意某觀點(diǎn)（Strongly Opin

5、ion）I couldnt agree more!AgreeingWithanThats exactly what Im thinking about.Absolutely!/Exactly!/Alright!/Certainly! Im with you on that.部分同意某觀點(diǎn)（Partially Opinion）Yes, but/Thats true, butI see what you mean, butAgreeingWithan完全不同意某種觀點(diǎn)（Strongly With an Opinion ）I disagree entirely.I really cant agree

6、. You must be joking.Disagreeing有禮貌地表不同意某種觀點(diǎn)（ P o l i t e l y Disagreeing With an Opinion）Im not sure.Well, that depends.I dont think so, really. Im afraid I cant agree.提出建議（Giving Suggestions）I was wondering if youd ever thought ofPerhaps we couldHave you ever thought of? If I were you, Id不懂就問(wèn)（Aski

7、ng Question）I didnt follow what you said a boutSorry, I dont understand what you mean. I dont see what youre getting atWhat exactly are you trying to tell me?話輪移交（Interrupting）Excuse me, butSorry for interrupting, but樣題例Interlocutor:Nowadays,iPadfromAppleInc.has swepttheworld.Manystudentsatcollegesa

8、nduniversitieshaveiPad;stillothersarelonging for one. But, as a matter offace, few ofthemareactuallyusingitasanof isaidthemtotheiracademicdevelopment.entertainment.ManyuseitsolelyforSoitquestionablewhetheraniPadisanecessityforcollegestudents. Give your own opinion.Sample Answer:Inrecentyears,more an

9、dmore studentsatcollegesanduniversitiesareusingiPads. Stillmorestudentsareaskingtheirparentsfor one.However, is it a necessitythink so.for their study? I dontOn the one hand, it is safe to say that an iPad isofgreathelptosomestudentsstudy.Thisisespeciallytruesofarasthehard-workingstudents are concer

10、ned. With the enrollment evergrowingat collegesandtouniversities, theschoolresources availablelimited. In this case,the studentsare quitehaving an iPad is no doubtconvenient for their study. With an iPad, they canget access to the Internet through WiFi freely and conveniently, searching for academic

11、 information,learningforeignlanguagesandworkingontheirgraduate papers. As for those students, they canequally do well in their study without an iPad.Ontheother hand,therearealotofstudentswhoseiPadsareusedinquiteadifferentway.Some use it to play games such as “Angry Birds”and “Plants vs. Zombies,” an

12、d still others use it to watch movies and TV series. Their iPads are fullofgamesandapplications.Insteadofhelpingthemwiththeirstudy,theiriPadsareawaste of money and time. To thesestudents, aniPadisaluxury.Itspoilsthemratherthanbenefits them.In,wecansaythat forsomestudystudents,an iPadisofsomehelptoth

13、eirratherthananecessity,whileforothersitisabsolutely unnecessary.From the picture, we can see that a man is lyingcomfortably on a pile of money which symbolizeshisparentslegacydepositedintheso-calledbankwine.ofInparents,addition,leisurelydrinkingaglassofhethatdoesntworkanylongerbecausehethinkshismon

14、eycanneverbeexhausted.Frommyviewpoint,thehugeinheritancedoesharm to him and tends to undermine his passionforthatlife. Thefirstand mostimportantreasonisbetherealsenseoflifeliesinlearningtoindependent.However,themaninlifethepicturecompletelylosesthemeaningofbecauseofhisparentslegacy.Furthermore,aweal

15、thyinheritor will indulge in alcohol or even drugs. Notonly does he lose the compass of life, but also he suffers a lot physically and mentally.Therefore,weshouldtaketherightattitudetowardourparentsinheritanceandmakethewealth used in proper way. For example, we canuseourwealthtocreatewealthandhaveourown businesses. Or we can donate some moneyto the society to help the people in need to solvetheirfinancialproblems.Inaword,weshouldmake good use of our wealth for a good reason.知識(shí)必備描述圖畫常句式Thecartoon/picture/drawingdepicts/shows/indicates/tellsIn the picture,Looking at th