考研英語長難句

1、定語從句的譯法1 .譯成前置定語一般說來，限定性的定語從句可提前譯成定語。還有一些定語從句，雖然并不明顯地帶有限定性質(zhì)，但本身較短，和被修飾語關(guān)系緊密，也可譯為前置定語。如：例 1. To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them.一誠然，一個宏偉的重建計劃也許能為許多需要工作的人提供就業(yè)機會。例 2. There is no royal road to science, and only those who don not dread the fatigu

2、ingclimb of the steep paths have a chance of gaining its luminous summits.一在科學(xué)上沒有平坦大道，只有不畏勞苦，沿著陡峭的山路攀登的人，才有希望到達光輝的頂點。例 3. In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems.可是，近幾年來人們開始意識到城市也是問題成堆的地方。例 4. The moon is a wor

3、ld that is completely still and where utter silence prevails.月亮是一個聲斷音絕的世界,是一個萬籟俱寂的世界。例 5. Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.而且，人類還有能力改變自己的生存環(huán)境，從而是所有其他形態(tài)的生命服從人類自己獨特的想法和想象。例 6.

4、 But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to lookinto the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.但更為重要的是，這是科學(xué)家們所能觀察到的最遙遠的過去的景象，因為他們看到的是150億年前宇宙云的形狀和結(jié)構(gòu)。如以上例句所示，這種譯法最適于翻譯較短的限定性定語從句。有時較長的限定性定語從句也可采用這種譯法，以使修飾關(guān)系

5、清晰，句子結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。如：例 7.This practice book is intended for foreign engineers or students to engineering who have already mastered the elements of English, and who now want to use their knowledge of the language to read books on their subjects.這本練習(xí)是給那些已經(jīng)掌握了英語基礎(chǔ)知識而現(xiàn)在要利用學(xué)到的語言知識來閱讀專業(yè)書籍的外 國工程師或?qū)W習(xí)工程學(xué)的學(xué)生用的。例 8. To

6、 write a genuine familiar or truly English style is to write as any one who would speak in commonconversation, who had a thorough commandand choice of words, or who could discourse with ease, force and perspicuity.用真正的普通文體即純正的英語文體寫作就像那些諳熟詞匯而又善于選擇詞匯，能高談闊論且言詞流暢，說話有力而明確的人的日常交談一般。例 8 中的 who had a thorou

7、gh command and choice of words, or who could discourse withease, force and perspicuity本應(yīng)緊接先行詞 any one ,但由于太長而后移，而 who would speakin common conversation則修飾上述兩個定語從句及其先行詞。有些起附加說明作用的非限定性定語從句，對先行詞也有程度不同的修飾、限制意義，有時也可譯成前置定語。如：例 9. He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brot

8、her, who was aloof and arrogant.他喜歡熱情活潑的妹妹,而不喜歡冷漠高傲的哥哥。2 .譯成后置的并列分句A. 一些結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，或者意思上有較強的獨立性的限定性定語從句，通?？勺g為后置的并列分句。采取這種譯法往往要重復(fù)關(guān)系代詞所代替的詞，有時可在這些詞之前加指示詞“這"、“這些”等，以使譯文明確。如： 例 1. But world attention also is focusing on another step, which will make the smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomfortab

9、le about his habit.同時，人們也正把注意力集中在另一項措施上，這項措施將使吸煙者越來越意識到自己的不良 習(xí)慣并為之感到不安。例 2. In 1883 an American physician, A, King, listed twenty observations, which pointed to mosquitoes as a facto門n malaria.1883年，美國醫(yī)生 A.金列舉了二十個觀察報告，這些報告表明蚊子是引起瘧疾的一個因素。 例 3. This volume is prepared as examples for writing compositi

10、ons which, as it were, has been taken as a difficult task.本書旨在為寫作提供范例，可以說寫作是一個難題。例 4. I was endeavoring to put off one sort of life for another sort of life, which was not better than the life I had known.我一直在竭力擺脫一種生活，改換另一種生活，但是我所改換的生活并不見得比我原先的生活 殳例 5. Matter is composed of molecules that are compos

11、ed of atoms.物質(zhì)是由分子組成的，而分子又是由原子組成的。在仞4中，從句在語意上與主句相矛盾；在例 5中，從句在語意上與主句相承。在譯文中除重 復(fù)關(guān)聯(lián)代詞所代替的詞外，加上了連詞“但是”、“而”，是譯文語氣連貫。有些定語從句漢譯時可不必重復(fù)關(guān)系代詞所代替的詞，而將其譯成人稱代詞“他”、“他們”等，使句子簡明扼要。如： 例 1. Honeycutt was 40, an affable man who had to leave his family in Raleigh, North Carolina, when he d gone north to work.亨尼卡行年40,和藹可親

12、，他去北方工作時不得不把家室留在北卡羅來納州羅利市。 例 2. Above the English lettering the words are repeated in the Chinese calligraphy of Premier Zhou, who wrote the brief text.在這些英文字的上方，是周總理親筆書寫的同樣內(nèi)容的漢字，他擬定了這簡短的銘文。B.非限定性定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對先行詞加以說明，描述或解釋，或?qū)φ麄€ 語句所陳述的事實或現(xiàn)象加以總結(jié)概括，補充說明，其前都用逗號分開。在漢譯時，一般譯為后置 的并列分句。如：例 1. In Engli

13、sh, attributive clauses are used extensively, some of which are very long and complicated in structure.在英語中，定語從句的運用極為廣泛，有的從句很長而且結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。例 2. These books, which are only a small part of my collection, were picked up in America. 這些書是我在美國買的，它們在我的藏書中只占一小部分。例 3. Bertrand Russell, whose philosophical writing

14、s made a profound impact on philosophers all over the world, died in 1970.伯特蘭德.羅素于1970年逝世，他的哲學(xué)著作對全世界哲學(xué)家都有深刻的影響。例 4. He gave in his resignation, which was the best thing he could do in the circumstance.他提出了辭職，這在當(dāng)時的情況下是最好的辦法。例 5. He blamed me for everything, which I thought very unfair.他把一切錯誤都歸罪于我，我認為

15、這很不公平。例 6. John Fetzer, career consultant and chemist, first suggested this trait, which has already been written about a great deal.職業(yè)顧問和化學(xué)家約翰.費策爾最早提出了這個特征。 關(guān)于這個特征，人們已經(jīng)寫了大量的文章。 例 7. The Queen will visit the town in May, when she will open the new hospital.女王將于5月訪問該城。屆時，她將主持那家新醫(yī)院的開業(yè)儀式。例 8. After din

16、ner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.飯后，四個主要談判人物繼續(xù)進行會談，一直談到深夜。3 .溶合法溶合法是指把主句與定語從句合起來譯，使之溶合成一個獨立的句子。如：例 1. You are the only person who could do it.只有你才能做這件事。例 2. This was the first time I had serious trouble with my boss.這是我第一次和老板發(fā)生嚴重糾葛。例 3. Our team,

17、 who are in good form, will do well in the coming matches.我隊競技狀態(tài)良好，將在未來的比賽中取得好成績。例 4. He has a son of twenty who is now at the high school.他有一個二十歲的兒子現(xiàn)在正上中學(xué)。例 5. On the platform I could see a black slave who was working the pump.我看見臺上有個黑奴在壓水泵。英語中含有定語從句“ there be”結(jié)構(gòu)漢譯時常常使用溶合譯法。例 6. There was no one wh

18、o did not praise them for their great accomplishments.沒有人不稱贊他們所取得的巨大成就。例 7. There is nothing that does not contain contradiction.沒有什么事物是不包含矛盾的。例 8. There was little that the doctor could do for the patient.醫(yī)生對這個病人無能為力。例 9. There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.樓下有人要見你。例 10. In our factory,

19、there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.在我們工廠里，許多人對這項新發(fā)明很感興趣。4 .譯成狀語英語中有些定語從句在內(nèi)容上含有時間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步等狀語意思，翻譯時 往往可以加上相應(yīng)的詞語，以表達出其相應(yīng)的狀語意義。A.表示原因例 1. We engage professor Wu, who understands English.我們聘請吳教授，因為他懂英語。例 2. Many of our Welsh people are going to settle in North Carol

20、ina, where land is cheap.我們威爾士人有許多去北卡羅來納定居，因為那里土地便宜。B.表布時間例 1. You, who are in the prime of your life, come forth with greater contributions for the benefit of the people!趁你年富力強的時候，為人民做出更多的貢獻吧！例 2. A sailor who was fixing a rope lost balance and tumbled overboard.一個水手正在系繩子的時候，失去了平衡，掉到水里去了。C.表布目的例 1.

21、 He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument.他正在收集確鑿的材料以證明他的論點。例 2. Steel parts are usually covered with grease, with which they may not rust.鋼零件通常用潤滑油覆蓋，免得生銹。D.表不'結(jié)果例 1. He ate a fungus, which made him ill.他吃了一個蘑菇，結(jié)果病倒了。例 2. The rain washed away the track, which prevented the t

22、rain from running.大雨沖走了鐵軌，因而火車無法行駛。E.表示條件例 1. Nothing is hard in this world for one who dares to scale the height.世上無難事，只要肯登攀。例 2. A person is an idealist who thinks that rational knowledge need not to be derived from perceptual knowledge.如果認為理性知識可以不從感性知識得來，他就是一個唯心主義者。F. 表不'讓步例 1. My grandfather

23、, who is now in his eighties, is still a keen cyclist.我爺爺雖然八十多歲了，可還是頂喜歡騎自行車。例 2. Electronic computer, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace man.電子計算機雖然有許多優(yōu)點，卻不能進行創(chuàng)造性的工作，代替不了人。練習(xí)四翻譯下列各句，注意定語從句的譯法1. The question, which worries everyone today, is: how long will these fu

24、els last?2. Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it.3. Shakespeare was a great English dramatist and poet who se name was known all over the world.4. Small wonder then that more scientists are visiting the region to acquire new knowledge which will help us to have a better unde

25、rstanding of the earth as a whole.5. Teheran Conference was the first opportunity which I had of observing him at close hand.6. There is something that keeps worrying me.7. The door of which you lost the key cannot be opened.8. Electrical energy that is supplied to the motor may be converted into me

26、chanical energy of motion.9. He decided not to complete his university course, which was a great disappointment to his parents.10. He wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter.11. One will surely succeed who perseveres to the end.12. The periodical physical examinat

27、ion must be given to a patient who has recuperated from hepatitis.名詞從句的譯法英語的名詞從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。在翻譯時，語序一般不變， 但有時也需采取一些其他處理方法。1 .主語從句A.以從屬連詞或連詞代詞位于句首的主語從句翻譯時語序一般不變。如：例 1. That a man could live for so many years alone in the mountains is really something unthinkable.一個人能夠單獨在山里生活這么多年真是不可思議。例 2.

28、That substances expand when heated and contract when cooled is a common physical phenomenon.物質(zhì)熱脹冷縮是一個普通的物理現(xiàn)象。例 3. What the students find most difficult in a foreign language is its idiomatic usage.學(xué)生感到，一種外國語最困難的地方是它的習(xí)慣用法。例 4. What struck me most in this book was the author's true-to-life descrip

29、tion of thepeople 's life in that country.這本書給我印象最深的，是作者對那個國家的人民生活所做的真實描寫。B.以形式主語it引出的主語從句，翻譯時有下述三種處理辦法(1)如主語從句較短，可提前與主句合譯為“是”字結(jié)構(gòu)。如：例 1. It is dangerous that you have a smattering of superficial knowledge on a subject. 對任何問題一知半解都是誣的。例 2. It is good news that our team has won the championship.我們隊

30、得了冠軍是好消息。(2)如主語從句較長，不宜與主句合譯為漢語的“是”字結(jié)構(gòu)，一般可譯為并列分句或獨立的句子，即現(xiàn)譯從句，而在主句之前加“這”字譯出。如：例 1. It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighte門n water than they are in air.物體在水中比在空氣中輕，這是二種大家共有的經(jīng)驗例 2. It is commonsense that a liquid has no definite shape, but it has a definite volume. 液體沒有一定的形狀，但有一定的體積，

31、這是普通常識。例 3. It was really a mystery to the neighbors that Mary, the ugly woman, could succeedin ordering about her husband, the strong-armed blacksmith, well known far and wide, and having him where she wanted him.瑪麗這個丑女人把丈夫一一遠近聞名，胳膊粗力氣大的鐵匠一一支使得滴溜溜轉(zhuǎn)，讓他往東他 不敢往西，這對他們的鄰居來說，簡直是個謎。例 4. It therefore becom

32、es more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.因此，如果要學(xué)生好好利用他們上大學(xué)的機會，就應(yīng)該為他們提供大量關(guān)于課程方面更為詳盡 的信息和更多的指點。這個問題顯得越來越重要了。從例3、例4可看到英漢兩種語言思維和表達方式的不同。英語重直線思維，漢語重曲線思維。英語直截了當(dāng)，習(xí)慣把要點放在句首先說出，然后再把其他信

33、息一一補進；而漢語習(xí)慣于從側(cè)面說 明，先闡述外圍的環(huán)境，最后點出信息中心。從形式上看，英語是前重心，頭短尾長；漢語則是后 重心，頭大尾小。(3)以it作形式主語的謂語是被動語態(tài)的句子，一般宜轉(zhuǎn)譯為主動語態(tài)，可譯為“據(jù) ”或補 上泛指主語“有人”、“大家”、“人們”等，主語從句保留原文的語序。如：例 1. It is reported that the meeting will be held in June.據(jù)報道,這個會將在六月間舉行。例 2. It could be argued that the radio performs this service just as well; but

34、on television everything is much more living, much more real.可能有人會提出，無線電廣播也同樣能夠做到這一點;但是在電視屏幕上，每個節(jié)目都顯得更 加生動，更加真實。2 .賓語從句A.以從屬連詞或連接代詞引起的賓語從句漢譯時，語序一般不變。如：例 1. Some people, however, maintain that this is precisely where the dange門ies.可是，有些人則堅持認為，這恰恰是危險所在。例 2. This shows that something unexpected may hav

35、e turned up.這表明可能出現(xiàn)了意外情況。例 3. Realizing that it was just a difference in custom, the foreigner smiled and said nothing.那個外國人明白了這只是風(fēng)俗的不同后，笑了笑，沒說什么。例 4. Marie always thought how she could do more for mankind.瑪麗總是想著怎樣為人類做更多的工作。例 5. He has fully lived up to what he promised.他完全實現(xiàn)了他的諾言。B.英語中的賓語從句有時置于句首，其

36、修辭作用在于強調(diào)賓語。為了使譯文達到相同的修辭效果， 翻譯時也宜將賓語從句前置。例 1. Whether they like it or not, I don't care.他們喜歡不喜歡，我可不管。例 2. What they were asked to do in 10 days, they finished in two.讓他們十天做的事，他們兩天就做完了。例 3. What he has once heard he never forgets.他聽過的話，再也不會忘記。上述譯文同樣將賓語從句前置，收到了強調(diào)賓語的效果。但有時也可依漢語的表達習(xí)慣將賓語 從句后置。例 4. Wha

37、t the country thinks and worries about we should think and worry about.我們應(yīng)想國家之所想，急國家之所急。C.用it作形式賓語的句子，漢譯時 that引起的賓語從句一般可按原文語序，it不必譯出。例 1. We think it certain that American English does have a considerable influence uponBritish English.我們認為美語必然對英語產(chǎn)生相當(dāng)大的影響。例 2. I make it clear that I was determined to

38、 carry out the plan.我已表明決心去執(zhí)行這個計劃。例 3. I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it.我讓你自己判斷你該不該做這事。漢譯英時也可將that引起的賓語從句提前。如：例 1. I regarded it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.例 2. We think it true that the election in Britain is mainly a contest between the twobig partie

39、s, Labor and Conservative.英國的選舉主要是工黨與保守黨兩大政黨之間的競爭，我們認為確實如此。3 .表語從句表語從句漢譯時語序一般不變。如：例 1. That 's what we should do.這正是我們的本分。例 2. Time factor is what we have to take into consideration.I例 3. The question which worries everyone today is: how long will these fuels last?今天人人都擔(dān)心的問題是：這些燃料能維持多久？例 4. The

40、result of invention of steam engine was that humanpower was replaced by mechanical power.發(fā)明蒸汽機的結(jié)果是機械力代替了人力。4 .同位語從句英語中的同位語從句與其所修飾的名詞處于同等的地位，只作進一步解釋的作用，漢譯時一般 用下述方法處理。A.同位語從句不提前，如：例 1. We expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again. 我們表示希望他們再到中國來訪問。例 2. There can be no doubt that

41、 he is qualfied for the job.毫無疑問他做這工作很合適。例 3. Can you produce any evidence that he was not at home that night?你能不能提出證明，斷定他那天夜里不在家。例 4. Now we have little idea what a hard life they were then leading.我們現(xiàn)在很難想象那時他們過的是多么艱苦的生活。B.同位語從句提前，如：例 1. Do away with the mistaken metaphysical notions that gold must

42、 be pure " and man must be perfect ".要打破“金要足赤”，“人要完人”的形而上學(xué)的錯誤思想。例 2. Obviously there was little probability that they would succeed, but they don't mind.很顯然，他們成功的可能性很小,但是他們不在乎。例 3. The question whether the aircraft should have two engines or three was finally decided in September, 1959

43、.飛機應(yīng)裝兩臺或三臺發(fā)動機的問題是1959年9月才最后確定的。例 4. This is a universally accepted principle of international law that the territorial sovereignty doesn't admit infringement.國家領(lǐng)土主權(quán)不容侵犯，這是舉世公認的國際法準則。C.把同位語從句譯成獨立的句子，并在其前加“即”，或在從句所修飾的名詞之后加冒號。例 1. We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms.我們都熟

44、悉這樣一個概念，即一切物質(zhì)都是由原子組成的。例 2. Through many years ' practice of teaching foreign language, I have derived a newexperience that translation is the best possible approach to studying English.通過多年的外語教學(xué)經(jīng)驗，我獲得了一條新經(jīng)驗：翻譯是學(xué)習(xí)英語的最好辦法。例 3. Then arose the question where we were to get the machines needed.隨之產(chǎn)生了這

45、樣一個問題：我們到哪去找所需要的機器。練習(xí)五翻譯下列各句1. That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.2. It was a mistake that they didn't support us.3. The story is about how the old lady expected to receive a birthday present from her daughter.4. One often hears it said th

46、at travel broadens the mind.5. My idea is that we should stick to our original plan.6. The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.7. The question whether an electric current can be produced by magnetism has long been solved.8. At the end of last century, an important discovery wa

47、s made that everything was built partly of electrons.狀語從句的翻譯英語狀語從句包括表示時間、地點、條件、讓步、原因等各種從句，漢譯時要注意英漢兩種語 言使用狀語方面的共同性及其各自的特殊性。翻譯下列各句1. As I was looking for my bag, the inn-keeper came in.我正在找皮包時，店主走了進來。2. The monkey was feeling a bit scared when suddenly the crocodile dived under the water.猴子正感到有點害怕，鱷魚突

48、然向水下潛去。3. While I admit that the problems are difficult, I don't agree that they cannot be solved.雖然我承認這些問題困難，但我并不認為它們無法解決。4. As long as we don't lose heart, we 'll find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我們不灰心，就能找到克服困難的辦法。5. If we have carried on thorough investigation, we can draw a co

49、rrect conclusion.只有當(dāng)我們做了徹底的調(diào)查研究之后，才能得出正確的結(jié)論。6. However hard the task, we must fulfill it in time.不管任務(wù)多么艱巨，我們必須及時完成。7. Where there is nothing in the path of the beam of light, nothing is seen.如果光束通道上沒有任何東西，就什么也看不見。8. Since we live near the sea, we can often go swimming.我們住在靠海的地方，所以我們可以常去游泳。9. As he h

50、ad lots of time, he decided to go to the embankment first.時間還早，他決定先到河岸大道去一下。1 .時間狀語從句A.譯成相應(yīng)的時間狀語，如：例 1. When the wall fell down, all the people ran away in a panic.墻倒塌的時候，所有的人都爭先恐后地跑開了。例 2. Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is workingfor us, driving our refriger

51、ators, heating our water, or keep our rooms air-conditioned.即使在我們關(guān)掉了床頭燈深深地進入夢鄉(xiāng)時，電也在為我們工作,它為我們開動冰箱，燒水或 使我們房間的空調(diào)機保持運轉(zhuǎn)。B.譯成并列分句例 1. The set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid.他的贖金尚未交來，他們就把他放了。例 2. Mr. Smith was arrested when he himself was not aware what crime he had committed.史密斯先生自己還不知道犯了

52、什么罪，人家就把他逮捕了。C.英語中存在著內(nèi)容和形式不一致的情況。有些時間狀語從句有時可以按其邏輯關(guān)系譯成表示原 因、條件、讓步等的分句。例 1. When you have finished your homework, you can go and play ball-games.做完了家庭作業(yè)，你就可以出去打球了。（條件）例 2. He usually walks when he might ride.雖然有車可坐，但他通?？偸遣叫?。（讓步）例 3. The defense lawyer decided to petition for a new trial when they foun

53、d an important new witness.由于發(fā)現(xiàn)了一名新的重要證人，辯護律師決定申請重新開庭審訊。（原因）2 .條件狀語從句的譯法A.譯成表示“條件”或“假設(shè)”的分句例 1. Everybody here has a chance to study unless he doesn't want to.這里任何人都有學(xué)習(xí)的機會，除非他不愿學(xué)。例 2. Once you understand the rule, you will have no further difficulty.你一旦懂了這條規(guī)則，你就不會再有困難了。例 3. If you want something

54、done in a hurry, don't go to the man who has clearly not muchto do.要是你有急事要辦，不要去找那種顯然沒有多少事可做的人。（假設(shè)）B.譯成補充說明情況的分句例 1. If he is too 01d to work much, the retired worker is very enthusiastic about neighborhood affairs.雖然這位退休老工人年邁不能多操勞，但他對街道工作非常熱心。（讓步）例 2. If he was so able as to soke such a difficul

55、t math problem known to the world, itis because he was extremely diligent and absolutely absorbed in mathematics.他之所以解決了這樣一個世界上有名的數(shù)學(xué)難題，是因為他非常勤奮。（結(jié)果）例 3. If you can come, I 'll be only too glad.你要能來，我就太高興了。（原因）3 .讓步狀語從句的譯法A.譯成表示“讓步”的分句例 1. Though he was defeated in the election, he became famous

56、for his fiery speeches against slavery.雖然他競選失敗了，卻以其反對蓄奴制度的激烈演說而出了名。例 2. Nothing could have saved him even if he had been tended without delay.縱然當(dāng)時他得到了及時的救護，他的生命也無法挽救。B.譯成表示“無條件”的條件分句，如：例 1. No matter how 10ng it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people, in their righte

57、ous might, will win through to absolute victory.不管需要多長時間才能挫敗這種預(yù)謀的侵略，美國人民將以其正義的力量贏得徹底的勝利。例 2. But it is the way I am, and try as I might, I have not been able to change it.但這就是我的作風(fēng)，不管怎樣努力，也改變不了。例 3. Whatever the consequence may be, I shall speak the truth.不論后果如何，我都要說實話4 .地點狀語從句譯法A.譯成相應(yīng)的地點狀語例 1. Where water resources are plentiful, hydroelectric power stations are being built in large numbers.哪里有充足的水源，哪里就在興建大批的水電站。例 2. Why don 't you put your number where it can be seen?你為何不把號碼掛在醒目的地方呢？按邏輯關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)譯為表示“條件”的狀語，如：例 1. The materials are excellent for use where the value of work pieces is not so hig