閱讀理解-猜詞義

1、閱讀理解閱讀理解-猜詞義猜詞義Dealing with new words or phrases in reading comprehension 2014-04-15Ignore (忽略) them and continue readingLook them up in the dictionaryGuess the meaning 小試牛刀小試牛刀 （Discussion）例例1: “It was the best night we had ever had”, said Angela Carraro, who an Italian restaurant.例例1: When men and

2、 women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago，how could they even begin to modern life? 例例2: We eat what we can；what we cant, we .He felt very lonely; he had lived in Baltimore City for a month and had met no one in the city. A. unfriendly B. uncomfortable C. unhealthy D. enormous經(jīng)營、管理經(jīng)營、管理想象想象A把把裝進(jìn)罐頭裝進(jìn)罐

3、頭猜詞題常見的設(shè)問方式猜詞題常見的設(shè)問方式: 1.The word_could best be replaced by_. 2.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word_. 3.By_the writer means_. 4.In the _paragraph, the word_ means (refers to )_. 5.The underlined word_is closest in meaning to _.詞義猜測法詞義猜測法Word-Guessing方法方法1：定義，解釋法定義，解釋法(Definition

4、)通過定義通過定義,定語從句定語從句/同位語同位語/詞或詞組詞或詞組信息詞信息詞：is, was, mean, i.e., that is, thats to say, or, namely, in other words, to put it another way; refer to .1. A biography is the story of a persons life written by another.2. To boycott a store means to refuse to shop in the store.3. It will be very hard but al

5、so very brittle, that is, it will break easily.傳記拒絕； 抵制易碎的 the story of a persons life refuse to shop it will break easily4. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.5. A strict vegetarian is a person who never eats meat in his life. 6. Modern medicine began with the stethosc

6、ope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a persons lungs and his heartbeats.牧羊人素食主義者聽診器who looks after sheepa person who never eats meatmedical tool used for listening to the movements of a persons lungs and his heartbeats方法方法2：同義法同義法(Synonym) 近義詞或者同義詞往往出現(xiàn)在同一句或者同一近義詞或者同義詞往往出現(xiàn)在同一句或者

7、同一段落中，去解釋另一個(gè)更難的詞，以便使他的文字段落中，去解釋另一個(gè)更難的詞，以便使他的文字意思更清楚。意思更清楚。 1. Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to peoples health. They also regard drinking as harmful. also harmful2. At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business, nor were they able to borrow the amount of money th

8、ey needed from the bank. moneynor有害的錢，資金方法方法3：反義法反義法(Antonym)信息詞：however, but, while, instead, unlike, rather than，on the other hand. 1. Jane was talking with others while Tom remained reticent all the time.2. His office is a drab place, but her new office is a bright, cheerful one.3. He had been ge

9、tting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.4. Rather than liking the movie, as I expected them to, all my friends abhorred it.沉默不語沉默不語單調(diào)乏味，無生氣單調(diào)乏味，無生氣getting betterbright, cheerfultalking with others變壞，惡化變壞，惡化厭惡，憎恨厭惡，憎恨likingwhilebutbutRather than方法方法4:語境分析法語境分析法(context)根據(jù)綜合語境進(jìn)行推理

10、判斷，從而理解生詞和代詞根據(jù)綜合語境進(jìn)行推理判斷，從而理解生詞和代詞辭詞義。辭詞義。1. “My friend, II.”But something choked him, he could not finish the sentence.2. Brazilian government decided to have a new city built 600 miles northwest of Rio de Jaciro, designed by the great architect Lucio Costa.3. It was a blue Monday and he just didnt

11、 like going back to work. 哽咽，說不出話哽咽，說不出話郁悶的，沮喪的郁悶的，沮喪的建筑師建筑師4. Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an argument against building them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of it we need to b

12、e able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now. What does the underlined word “it” refer to?Athe American East. Bthe American West.Cthe argument. Dthe alternative energy.D方法方法5：邏輯關(guān)系邏輯關(guān)系(Logical method)（對比，轉(zhuǎn)折，因果，讓步等）（對比，轉(zhuǎn)折，因果，讓步等）信息詞信息詞：but, however, yet, otherwise或though，because，

13、as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore, if, “unlike”, “in spite of ” , “on the contrary” , “ on the other hand ” 等1. If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”.2. Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.3. John usually wastes a lot of mone

14、y on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.不同意不同意臟的臟的節(jié)儉的節(jié)儉的4. She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.5. She wanted the hairdresser（美發(fā)師）to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.6. Anthropologist thought the Indians cultu

15、re would be very primitive; however, they found many modern elements in the Indians lives.7. That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day準(zhǔn)時(shí)的準(zhǔn)時(shí)的修剪修剪原始的原始的巨大的巨大的方法：方法：根據(jù)舉例根據(jù)舉例(Examples)信息詞信息詞： such as, like, especially, for instance, for example等。Boys and gir

16、ls may learn about such virtues as selflessness, courage, discipline and love of ones country. But for the captains courage, perseverance, and powerful will, people on board would have died.美德美德毅力毅力1. You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or

17、 English Learning. A.dictionaries B. story-books C. magazines D. newspapers 2. The doctor was on the night-shiftfrom midnight to 8 oclock. :方法方法7：標(biāo)點(diǎn)標(biāo)點(diǎn)(Punctuation)（冒號，破折號，括號）（冒號，破折號，括號）C夜班夜班方法方法8：構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法(Word Formation) 英語中的構(gòu)詞法主要有三種：英語中的構(gòu)詞法主要有三種： 派生派生（Derivation） 轉(zhuǎn)化轉(zhuǎn)化（ Conversion） 合成合成（Compounding） 派

18、生（派生（Derivation） ： A.加前綴 (改變詞義) ：dis-, in-, re-, un-, non- B.加后綴(改變詞性)形容詞：- able, -al, -less, -ful, -ive, 名詞：-ist, -ment, -ness, -tion, -er,動(dòng)詞：-is(z)e, -fy, -en, 1. Dont listen to his nonsense.2. Jason is a language specialist. 3. There are quite a few mistakes in your plan of the new building, so y

19、ou must have it redesigned as soon as possible.4. The city government has decided to have the main streets widened next year.方法方法8：構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法(Word Formation)廢話廢話專家專家重新設(shè)計(jì)重新設(shè)計(jì)拓寬，使變寬拓寬，使變寬 轉(zhuǎn)化（轉(zhuǎn)化（Conversion）：）： 由某一詞性轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)化成另一詞性，其意義也發(fā)生一定的變化。 I was asked to minute the race. He was required to hand in his homewor

20、k on time. Would you please help me empty the dustbin? 合成（合成（Compounding） ： 兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單詞組成一個(gè)新的單詞。blackboard, man-made, home-made, house-hold oversee, overtake, overcoat, deskmate, classmate 方法方法8：構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法(Word Formation)為為計(jì)時(shí)計(jì)時(shí)遞交遞交把把倒掉倒掉Summary 方法方法1：定義，解釋法：定義，解釋法(Definition) 方法方法2：同義法：同義法(Synonym) 方法方法3

21、：反義法：反義法(Antonym) 方法方法4: 語境分析法語境分析法(context) 方法方法5：邏輯關(guān)系：邏輯關(guān)系(Logical method) 方法：根據(jù)舉例方法：根據(jù)舉例(Examples) 方法方法7：標(biāo)點(diǎn)標(biāo)點(diǎn)(Punctuation) 方法方法8：構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法(Word Formation)1. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl, while her sister was quite sedate.A. pretty B. calm C. protective D. energetic2. I wanted to stay in

22、New York, but my friend tried to dissuade me. A. deceive B. frighten C. talk out of it D. accompany3. Alberts success after much effort and practice prove the value of persistence.A. time B. competition C. perseverance D. beginning againBCC鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)4. The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that af

23、ter the revolution she was banished. A few members of the Senate opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country forever.A. killed by stoning B. sent away C. imprisoned D. punished by whippingB鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)52. The prisoner seemed to relax but actually he was thinking

24、 hard, while his hand moved so slowly that the movement was imperceptible. It was only when the keys accidentally fell from the table that the guard suddenly realized that the prisoners hand had almost reached them. A. hardly noticeable B. heavy-handedC. not capable of fast or immediate action D. a

25、matter of habitA鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)6. Mrs. Morgans son was intelligent and charming, but his continual extravagance made her wonder if she could continue to support him. Each month she was going deep into debt, attempting to pay for his expensive purchases.A. superior manner B. wastefulness or carelessness in

26、spending moneyC. showing too great concern for current fashionsD. insults to family or close friendsB鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)直擊高考直擊高考 (2011年高考)Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recen

27、t research has found a new recipe of success.According to the study，if the cat is adopted before the dog，and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats，a year for dogs)，it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two thirds of the homes interviewed re

28、ported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.31The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_Aearly BSweetly Cquickly DsmoothlyD (2012年高考)“Have a nice day. Next!” This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my

29、groceries out the door. The words come out in the same tone (腔調(diào))with a fixed procedure. They are spoken at me, not to me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone elses is the managements attempt to increase business.27What does the underlined sentence in the Paragraph mean？AThe salesgirl is r

30、ude. BThe salesgirl is bored.CThe salesgirl cares about me.DThe salesgirl says the words as a routine.D (2012年高考)Well, at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on dema

31、nd do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ(智商)scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. This research comes from 26 Oxford and Essex University using a sample (樣本)of 10,419 children born in the e

32、arly 1990s, taking account of parental education, family income, a childs sex and age, the mothers health and feeding style. These results dont surprise me. Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels. I hope thi

33、s research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices.33The word copper-bottomed in the passage closest in meaning to _.Abasic BreliableCsurprising DinterestingB (2013年高考)Using a web camera equipped in Jennifers Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes mov