2019年5月TOEFL語法筆記共9頁

1、2019年5月TOEFL語法筆記編委：Callasun 審委：Phyllis1 .a major role in future planetary exploration.(A) Robots will surely play(B) Robots, which will surely play(C) Because robots will surely be playing(D) Surely robots, which will be playing KEY : A分析：考點(diǎn)是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)?？崭裨谫e語前，缺主謂。答案Ao(B)如為定語從句，則主語無謂語；(C) Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，

2、無主句；(D)同A,且頻度副詞 Surely形容整個(gè)句子，應(yīng)以逗號(hào)隔開。參考譯文：機(jī)器人極有可能將在未來的太空探索中扮演主要角色。2. Unlike the owl, bats cannot see very well, but they do have.(A) it hears very well(B) very good to hear(C) hearing very well(D) very good hearing KEY : D分析：考點(diǎn)是賓語成份?？崭裨诩拔飫?dòng)詞后面應(yīng)該是賓語。答案 D,語序正確的名詞短語 作賓語。(E) 一個(gè)句子不能有兩個(gè)謂語；(B)形容詞不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)賓語；(F)

3、 well做 好”講為adv.不修飾名詞。參考譯文：蝙蝠不像貓頭鷹一樣有良好的視力，但卻有極佳的聽力。3. Comparatively few clues in the United Slates have competing newspapers today, a major change from 1900 more than two newspapers.(A) because then most large cities having(B) when did most large cities have(C) then most large cities that had(D) whe

4、n most large cities hadKEY : D分析：考點(diǎn)是定語從句。逗號(hào)前已經(jīng)是完整的句子，接從句，加之括號(hào)前為時(shí)間，定語從 句修飾時(shí)間。(A)從句中沒謂語；(B)從句不能將助動(dòng)詞提前，而應(yīng)當(dāng)使用陳述句語序；(C)缺乏定語從句引導(dǎo)詞。參考譯文：通過比較美國(guó)現(xiàn)今競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的報(bào)業(yè)的一些細(xì)微線索，(可見)1900年是一個(gè)主要的轉(zhuǎn)折，從那一年開始，多數(shù)大城市都出現(xiàn)了兩份以上的報(bào)紙。4. Witch hazel extract,distilled from the bark and twigs of the witch hazel shrub,has been utilized in med

5、icine.(A) is(B) when to be(C) which is(D) has beenKEY : C分析：考點(diǎn)是定語從句。has been utilized 是謂語，兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間應(yīng)為從句，補(bǔ)充修飾說明主語。答案 C,定語從句。(A) 一個(gè)句子不能出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)謂語；(B)這個(gè)從句沒有主、謂，不定式是非謂語動(dòng)詞；(D)同 Ao參考譯文：榛樹的提取液被應(yīng)用于醫(yī)藥領(lǐng)域，它是由矮榛樹的皮和細(xì)枝提取的。5. touching in O. Henry's stories is the gallantry with which ordinary people struggle to main

6、tain their dignity.(A) Most is(B) It mostly is(C) Is it most(D) What is mostKEY : D分析：考點(diǎn)是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。缺主語，is是謂語，主語從句做主語。(A)主句謂語動(dòng)詞重復(fù)；(B)同上了；(C)同上，且為疑問式，全句的語氣與標(biāo)點(diǎn)都不一致。參考譯文：歐亨利的作品最讓人感動(dòng)的是普通人為維護(hù)自身尊嚴(yán)而抗?fàn)幍挠職狻?. The face of the Moon is changed by collisions with meteoroids,new craters to appear.(A) cause(B) causing(C

7、) caused(D) have causeKEY : B分析：考點(diǎn)是狀語成份。逗號(hào)前為完整句，后接分詞成分做伴隨狀語( TOEFL考試中，句子完整，逗號(hào)后一般接定從，分詞，同位語和狀從四種成分)。答案 B,分詞作狀語。(A)謂語動(dòng)詞重復(fù)；(C)過去分詞表被動(dòng)，不合句意；(D)同 Ao參考譯文：由于彗星碰撞，月球表面產(chǎn)生了許多新彈坑”。7. Social scientists believe that - from sounds such as grunts and barks made by early ancestors of human beings.(A) the very slow

8、development of language(B) language developed very slowly(C) language which, was very slow to develop(D) language, very slowly developingKEY : B分析：考點(diǎn)是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。that前的為主謂成分，that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句缺主謂(A)選A,從句缺謂語；(C)選C則that冗余，且逗號(hào)應(yīng)在 which前；(D)缺謂語。參考譯文：社會(huì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為，語言是由諸如早期人類的哼叫聲這樣的聲響逐漸發(fā)展起來的。8.substances include various form

9、s of silica, pumice, and emery.(A) Natural abrasives occur(B) Abrasion occurs in natural(C) Naturally occurring abrasive(D) A natural occurrence of abrasionKEY : C分析：考點(diǎn)是定語成分?？崭窈笫峭暾洌瑒t空格應(yīng)填主語修飾成分( adj.冠詞，所有格)。答案C,形容詞短語作定語。(A)謂語動(dòng)詞重復(fù)(B)同上(D)名詞短語，不做定語參考譯文：天然具有研磨作用的物質(zhì)包括各種形狀的矽土，浮石和金剛砂。4.1 n the upper part

10、of their long thin legs allow deer to run swiftly and jump far.(A) Muscles are powerful(B) There are powerful muscles(C) The powerful muscles that(D) Powerful musclesKEY : D分析：考點(diǎn)是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。句子缺主語(介詞短語不做主語)，答案 D,名詞短語作主語。(A)謂語動(dòng)詞重復(fù)，allow是句子的謂語；(B)同上；(C)如that為從句引導(dǎo)詞，后面沒有支持他的從句。參考譯文：細(xì)長(zhǎng)腿部后幫的有力肌肉，使鹿得以跑動(dòng)敏捷，跳躍高遠(yuǎn)。10

11、 .Geophysicists have collaborated with archaeologists and anthropologists to study the magnetic properties of pottery and fireplaces at sites by early humans.(A) occupied(B) occupying(C) which occupy(D) were occupiedKEY : A分析：考點(diǎn)是定語成分?？崭袂盀橥暾?，空格是對(duì)前面的sites起修飾作用。答案 A,分詞短語作后置定語。(B)現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，后面應(yīng)接賓語，而 by引導(dǎo)的

12、介詞短語表明是被動(dòng)(C)主動(dòng)語態(tài)(D)謂語重復(fù)參考譯文：地理學(xué)家與考古學(xué)家和人類學(xué)家合作，來研究在早期人類居住地(發(fā)現(xiàn)的)火 爐與陶器的磁性。11 .- technically proficient; it also explores psychological questions.(A) Not only is Barbara Astman's artwork(B) Not only Barbara Asiman's artwork(C) Barbara Astman's artwork, which is not only(D) Barbara Astman'

13、;s artwork not onlyKEY : A分析：考點(diǎn)是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。not only(but)also 是固定搭配，句首有否定詞或否定短語時(shí)，部分到裝(謂動(dòng)的一部分，助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞，放到主語前)(B)無動(dòng)詞；(C)選C,則主句無謂語；(D)無動(dòng)詞。參考譯文：芭芭拉愛絲曼的藝術(shù)作品不僅技藝精煉，還探究心理問題。12 .Although Canada's Parliament can neither administer or enforce laws initiatepolicy, it does have the power to make laws and vote on th

14、e allocation of funds.(A) not(B) nor(C) and(D) eitherKEY : B分析：考點(diǎn)是固定搭配。neithernor固定搭配。參考譯文：盡管加拿大國(guó)會(huì)不能執(zhí)行法令和施行政策，但它擁有制定法律和表決基金分配 的權(quán)利。13 .Willa Cather considered her novel of life in nineteenth-century Nebraska,My Antonia,(A) was her best work(B) her best work(C) her best work it was(D) being her best w

15、orkKEY : B分析：考點(diǎn)是賓語成份。空格前主謂完整，因此空格填賓語補(bǔ)足語。答案 B,名詞短語充 當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)(A)謂語動(dòng)詞重復(fù)(C)同上(D)固定結(jié)構(gòu) consider(sb/sth a s )sth參考譯文：維拉卡瑟認(rèn)為她關(guān)于十九世紀(jì)內(nèi)布拉斯加生活的小說我的安東尼亞是己 最好的作品。14 .First designated in 1970, Earth Day has become an annual international event concerns about environmental issues such as pollution.(A) dedicated to raisi

16、ng(B) dedicated raising(C) dedicates to raise(D) that dedicates to raisingKEY : A分析：考點(diǎn)為定語成分和固定搭配?？崭袷菍?duì)event的修飾，并且dedicated to doing 固定搭配。答案Ao參考譯文：從1970年第一次被設(shè)立以來，地球日已經(jīng)成為一項(xiàng)年度國(guó)際盛事，致力于提升(公眾)對(duì)污染之類環(huán)境事業(yè)的關(guān)注。15.In 1992 Albert Gore, Jr., the son of a former United States senator, became VicePresident of the Un

17、ited States.(A) who was the forty-fifth(B) and the forty-fifth (C) the forty-fifth (E) he was the forty-fifth KEY : C 分析：考點(diǎn)是定語成分?？崭袂盀橹^語，后為賓語，選定語修飾賓語。答案 Co (A)who沒有先行詞；(B) and多余，如加and成為平行結(jié)構(gòu)，則后面應(yīng)再接一個(gè)動(dòng)詞； (D)選D則become后又是個(gè)完整句子，有無從句連接詞，錯(cuò)誤。參考譯文：1992年，前美國(guó)參議員之子，阿爾伯特戈?duì)柦?，成為了?45任美國(guó)副總 統(tǒng)。 16. Although Christophe

18、r Columbus failed in his original goal, the discoveries he didABmake were as Important than the route to Asia he expected to find. CDKEY : C 分析：考點(diǎn)是形容詞的比較級(jí)用法。句子里有than,則考比較結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)該用比較級(jí)。改正：as more 參考譯文：克里斯托弗哥倫布雖然沒有到達(dá)原定目的地，但是他的實(shí)際發(fā)現(xiàn)要比他期望 找到的通往亞洲的路線重要。17. Martha Graham, a leading figure in modern dance, made

19、 she debut in1920 with the ABCDDenishawn School. KEY : B 分析：考點(diǎn)是代詞用法。she為人稱代詞的主格形式，而 made謂語后應(yīng)接賓格。 改正：she her 參考譯文：瑪莎格雷厄姆是杰出的現(xiàn)代舞舞者，她于 1920年作為丹尼斯肖恩舞蹈學(xué)院 的成員首次登臺(tái)演出。18. In the United States, the federal government is responsible to regulating the working ABconditions in factories.CDKEY : B 分析： 考點(diǎn)是固定搭配。res

20、ponsible to =對(duì)有反應(yīng)；responsible for =負(fù)責(zé)一 。改正：to for 參考譯文：在美國(guó)，聯(lián)邦政府負(fù)責(zé)規(guī)范工廠里的工作條件。19. Jupiter is _a gaseous planet with. an atmosphere composed most of hydrogen and ABCDhelium. KEY : C 分析：考點(diǎn)是詞的誤用。副詞(mostly )修飾介詞短語。 改正：most-mostly參考譯文：木星是一顆氣態(tài)行星，周圍大氣主要由氫和氨組成。20. Throughout her career Georgia O'Keeffe pa

21、id meticulous attention to her craft; her ACbrushes were always clean, her colors fresh and brightness. CDKEY : D分析：考點(diǎn)是平行結(jié)構(gòu)。and引導(dǎo)的平行結(jié)構(gòu)，fresh adj.前后詞性應(yīng)一致對(duì)應(yīng)為形容詞。 改正：brightness bright 參考譯文：在喬治亞奧基夫的職業(yè)生涯中，她始終細(xì)致的對(duì)待技藝，她的畫筆總是干凈 的，她的顏料總是鮮艷而明亮。21. Hydrogen the nine most abundant element in the Earth's cru

22、st, is an odorless,AB Ccolorless, and tasteless gas. D KEY : A 分析：考點(diǎn)是數(shù)詞的用法，基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的用法弄錯(cuò)，謂語，主語都是單數(shù)，不可能用 基數(shù)修飾。 改正：nine ninth 參考譯文：氫是一種無嗅、無色、無味的氣體，在地殼所含的豐富元素中，名列第九。 22. Salamanders are frequently to be find in moist, wooded areas.ABCDKEY : B 分析：考點(diǎn)是動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)。謂語為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，原形錯(cuò)誤。 改變：to be find to be found 參考譯文：蛛螂通常

23、在潮濕和樹木茂盛的地區(qū)被發(fā)現(xiàn)。23. Steam engines have been replaced in most cases by more_economical and efficiencyABCDdevices, such as the electric motor. KEY : D 分析：考點(diǎn)是平行結(jié)構(gòu)。and引導(dǎo)的平行結(jié)構(gòu)，前后詞性一致，應(yīng)都為形容詞。 改正：efficiency efficient 參考譯文：蒸汽機(jī)已經(jīng)基本被電動(dòng)機(jī)這樣更經(jīng)濟(jì)高效的裝置取代。24. Traditionally, the Fourth of July is celebrated in the Uni

24、ted States with political ABspeeches, picnics, and most important of all, a displayed of fireworks at night. CDKEY : D分析：考點(diǎn)是平行結(jié)構(gòu)。做介賓的名詞平行結(jié)構(gòu)，and實(shí)際引導(dǎo)了個(gè)插入語，前面都為名詞，詞性應(yīng)對(duì)應(yīng)一致。而由of前面必然是名詞，也可以看出來。改正：displayed display參考譯文：根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)，美國(guó)慶祝 7月4日（獨(dú)立日）的方式有政治演講，國(guó)宴，最重要 的，是晚上的煙火表演。25. The style of used in cartoon animation

25、 range from relatively realisticBC representations of everyday life to the most romantic and impossible fantasy.D KEY : A 分析：考點(diǎn)是分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。of多余，used為過去分詞做后置定語。 改正： style of used style used 參考譯文：動(dòng)畫的風(fēng)格從較寫實(shí)的描畫現(xiàn)實(shí)生活到最羅曼蒂克和難以置信的幻想，形式十 分豐富。26. Ordinary beaver dams vary in length from a few feet to a hundred feet

26、 or more than. ABCDKEY : D 分析：考點(diǎn)是連詞的用法。than后必須接所比較的對(duì)象，than在句尾，多余。more是省 略表達(dá)，與or前面的成分形成平行結(jié)構(gòu)。 改正：more than more 參考譯文：普通堆木壩大多長(zhǎng)度不一，從幾英尺到幾百英尺，甚至更長(zhǎng)。27. In the United State, presidential elections are held once every four year. ABC DKEY : D 分析：考點(diǎn)是名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。這里的 四年”應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。 改正：year years 參考譯文：在美國(guó)，總統(tǒng)選舉每四年舉辦一次。28. Ex

27、cept of the freehand toe, the feet of the gull are fully webbed. AB CDKEY : A 分析：考點(diǎn)是固定搭配。這里的意思應(yīng)是除一以外， except for固定搭配 改正： except of excepr for 參考譯文：除了趾，鷗的足上布滿著蹊。29. Teaching machines are devices that can store instructional information, present Adisplays, receive responses from a learner, and act on

28、those responses. BCDKEY : A 分析：考點(diǎn)是詞性的誤用。形容詞修飾名詞做定語，副詞只能修飾 v.a.ad.和整個(gè)句子。 改正：instructionally instructional 參考譯文：教學(xué)機(jī)是一種能儲(chǔ)存教導(dǎo)信息，進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演示，接受學(xué)習(xí)者的反饋，并執(zhí)行這 些反饋的設(shè)備。30. Challotte Perkins Gilman Is known primarily as an author of short stories, but sheABalso wrote an influential book argued for equal economic opp

29、ortunities for women.CDKEY : C 分析：考點(diǎn)是分詞結(jié)構(gòu)?，F(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，做伴隨狀語。 改正： book argued book arguing 參考譯文：夏洛特帕金斯吉爾曼主要作為短篇小說家而聞名于世，但她也寫有一本有 影響的，主張婦女爭(zhēng)取經(jīng)濟(jì)地位平等的書。' '31. In some areas of the United States, unfavorable climate or soil make farming anABCimpossible task. D KEY : B 分析：考點(diǎn)是主謂一致。make是復(fù)數(shù)表達(dá)，所以，不能用or。改正：

30、or and 參考譯文：在美國(guó)部分地區(qū)，惡劣的氣候和土壤，使耕作成為無法進(jìn)行的工作。32. Naturalists have identified at least four hundred of species of mammals and six ABhundred types of birds in the state of California.CDKEY : B 分析：考點(diǎn)是數(shù)詞的固定搭配。hundreds of是慣用法，但單數(shù)形式hundred前加數(shù)詞,則不加of。而且根據(jù)平行結(jié)構(gòu)，and前后的形式應(yīng)對(duì)應(yīng)，一下就出來了。 改正： hundred of species hundred

31、 species 參考譯文：博物學(xué)家在加利弗里亞已經(jīng)至少識(shí)別出400中哺乳動(dòng)物，600種鳥。33. Instead of tooth, the blue whale has a row of bony plates in its mouthjhat functions ABCas a food-collecting device. D KEY : A 分析：考點(diǎn)是名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。牙一般都是集體出現(xiàn)的，而且 tooth是可數(shù)單數(shù)名詞，前面應(yīng) 該有a o 改正：tooth teeth 參考譯文：對(duì)藍(lán)鯨來說，他的牙齒被一排骨質(zhì)的板形組織所代替，作為收集事物的工具。34. Murres are black

32、-and-white driving birds that mate every five or six years and lay only 一 ABa single egg at time.CDKEY : D 分析：考點(diǎn)是固定搭配。at a time慣用法，表示一次；at time adv.偶爾。 改正: at time at a time 參考譯文：厚嘴海鷗是一種黑白相間會(huì)潛水的鳥，每 5或6年交配一次，且只產(chǎn)卵一枚。 35. A bar code consists a pattern of lines and bars that a computer can translate into ABCinformation.D KEY : A 分析：考點(diǎn)是固定搭配。介詞短語中介詞缺失，consist + of（由組成）/with （與一致）改正： consist