海明威簡介及其作品分析

1、2021/3/91Ernest Hemingway (18991961) 2021/3/921899-1961 Oak Park, IllinoisSecond child in a family of six Hunting and fishingYoung Hemingway fishing in Michigan in 1904 2021/3/93Reporter in the Kansas City Star newspaper Red Cross volunteerWounded Decorated by the Italian government Ernest Hemingway

2、 as an American Red Cross volunteer in Italy, 19182021/3/94Marriage Paris, FranceTravel EuropeIn Our Time The Sun Also RisesErnest Hemingway and Hadley Hemingway in Switzerland, 19222021/3/95NobelPrizeWinnerin1954Toavoidtheuseofadjectives,esp.suchextravagantonesassplendid,gorgeous,grand,magnificente

3、tc.Attainedthepreferencesforshortsentences,shortfirstparagraphsandvigorousEnglishThe Sun Also Rises (1926)JakeBarnesRobertCohnBrettAshley2021/3/96Spanish Civil War & World War The Pulitzer Prize in 1953 The Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954Commit Suicide in 19612021/3/97vIn Our Time 在我們的時代里在我們的

4、時代里 1925vThe Sun Also Rises 太陽照樣升起太陽照樣升起 1926vA Farewell To Arms 永別了，武器永別了，武器1929 vFor Whom the Bell Tolls 喪鐘為誰而鳴喪鐘為誰而鳴1940vThe Old Man and the Sea 老人與海老人與海19522021/3/98.Men Without Women 沒有女人的男人沒有女人的男人 Green Hills of Africa 非洲的青山非洲的青山Across the River and Into the Trees過河入過河入林林A Clean, Well-Lighted

5、Place一個清潔、明亮一個清潔、明亮的地方的地方 A Days Wait 一天的等待一天的等待 Garden Of Eden 伊甸園伊甸園The Snows of Kilimanjaro 乞力馬扎羅的雪乞力馬扎羅的雪The Fifth Column第五縱隊第五縱隊The Killers 殺人者殺人者2021/3/99 In Our Time (1925)Hemingways first book of stories The effect of war on a young man 2021/3/910 The Sun Also Rises (1926)The book was an imm

6、ediate success. Young Americans in Europe after World War The Lost Generation“-a group of wandering, amusing, but aimless people, who are caught in the war and removed from the path of ordinary life.2021/3/911 For Whom the Bell Tolls(1940)A volunteer American guerrilla fighting in the Spanish Civil

7、War Theme-Anti-fascism His dying convinces people that life is worth living and there are causes worth dying for 2021/3/912 The Old Man and the Sea (1952)Published first in Life magazine in 1952, restored again his fame and played a huge part in his winning the 1954 Nobel Prize for Literature An old

8、 Cuban fisherman and his battle with a giant marlin- a representation of life as a struggle against unconquerable natural forces 2021/3/913Having no facility for speech-making and no command of oratory nor any domination of rhetoric, I wish to thank the administrators of the generosity of Alfred Nob

9、el for this Prize. No writer who knows the great writers who did not receive the Prize can accept it other than with humility. There is no need to list these writers. Everyone here may make his own list according to his knowledge and his conscience. 2021/3/914It would be impossible for me to ask the

10、 Ambassador of my country to read a speech in which a writer said all of the things which are in his heart. Things may not be immediately discernible in what a man writes, and in this sometimes he is fortunate; but eventually they are quite clear and by these and the degree of alchemy that he posses

11、ses he will endure or be forgotten. 2021/3/915Writing, at its best, is a lonely life. Organizations for writers palliate the writers loneliness but I doubt if they improve his writing. He grows in public stature as he sheds his loneliness and often his work deteriorates. For he does his work alone a

12、nd if he is a good enough writer he must face eternity, or the lack of it, each day. 2021/3/916For a true writer each book should be a new beginning where he tries again for something that is beyond attainment. He should always try for something that has never been done or that others have tried and

13、 failed. Then sometimes, with great luck, he will succeed. 2021/3/917How simple the writing of literature would be if it were only necessary to write in another way what has been well written. It is because we have had such great writers in the past that a writer is driven far out past where he can

14、go, out to where no one can help him. I have spoken too long for a writer. A writer should write what he has to say and not speak it. Again I thank you.2021/3/918Literary Point of View:EssentiallyanegativewriterHoldsablack,naturalisticviewoftheworldandseesitas“allanothing”Seeslifeintermsofbattlesand

15、tensionThetypicalHemingwaysituationsareusuallycharacterizedbychaosandbrutalityandviolence,bycrimeanddeath,andsport,harddrinkingandsexualpromiscuity.Code Herowoundedbutstrong,moresensitivityandactionbutlesswords,enjoyspleasureoflife(sex,alcohol,sport),infaceofruinanddeathandmaintainsanidealofhimself.

16、2021/3/919Writing Style Healwaysmanagestochoosewordsconcrete,specific,morecommonlyfound,moreAnglo-Saxon,casualandconversational,andemploystheminasyntaxofshortsimplesentences,whichareorderlyandpatterned,conversationalandsometimesungrammatical.Hisdistinctivewritingstyleischaracterizedbyeconomyandunder

17、statement.Heusedunderstate-mentandomissionwhichmakethetextmultilayeredandrichinallusions.2021/3/920Iceberg Principle“TheDignityofmovementofanicebergisduetoonlyone-eighthofitbeingabovewater.”Hebelievesthattheabovepartmustbeimplicitandmultiple,andtheunderpartisforthereaderstoimagine.2021/3/921only a s

18、mall portion of what the writer knows is included in the book, leaving about ninety percent of the content a mystery that grows beneath the surface of the writing. A good writer does not need to reveal every detail of a character or action. Iceberg Theory 2021/3/922 A Farewell to ArmsPlotSummaryA Fa

19、rewell to ArmsopensinItalyduringtheFirstWorldWar.Thenovelsmaincharacter,FredericHenry,isayoungAmericanservingasasecondlieutenantintheItalianArmyandworksasanambulancedriver.HisfriendRinaldi,agood-lookingItaliansurgeon,introducesFredericHenrytoCatherineBarkley,whoisdescribedasatall,beautifulwomanwithl

20、ongblondehair.Heisverymuchattractedtoherandwouldliketobecomeromanticallyinvolvedwithher.AlthoughCatherinerespondstohisfirstattempttokissherbyslappinghim,theygraduallybecomemoreandmoreinterestedineachother.2021/3/923Fredericfeelsindifferentaboutthewargoingonaroundhim,feelingthatithaslittletodowithhim

21、.Onedayinadugout(防空洞),ashellwoundsFredericbadly,andheistakentoafieldhospitalandthentransferredtoanAmericanhospitalinMilan.Soonafter,Catherinecomestothehospitaltovisithimandeventuallymanagestostayandworkatthehospital.FredericandCatherinebeginspendingnightstogetherwhilesheisonnight-dutyinthehospital.G

22、raduallyFredericfindshimselffallingmoreandmoreinlovewithCatherine.BeforeFredericleavesforthefront,Catherineannouncesthatsheispregnant.2021/3/924FredericHenryreturnstothefront,realizingquicklythatthemenatthefronthavelosttheirspiritanddriveinthewar.HemingwaydescribesthemassiveItalianretreatfromthetown

23、ofCaporettowhentheGermanandAustrianforcesbeganmovingagainsttheminOctober,1917.FredericcomestoalongwoodenbridgeontheTagliamentoRiver,wheremilitarypolice,thecarabinieri(憲兵),areseizingtheirownItalianofficersandexecutingthemforcallingtheretreat.Fredericisdetained,buthebreaksfreeandjumpsintotherivertoesc

24、ape.FredericfloatsdowntheriverandeventuallyjumpsatrainheadedforMilanandCatherine.Sickofthewarandfinishedwithfightingforanationthatisnotevenhisown,FredericiswellcontenttomakehisfarewelltoarmsandtodeserthispostintheItalianarmy.2021/3/925Duringarainstorm,thebartenderinthehotelwarnsFredericthatheisindan

25、gerofbeingcaughtasadeserterbytheauthoritiesandsuggeststhatFredericandCatherineborrowhisboatandescapeacrossthelakeintoSwitzerland.FredericrowsallnightandarriveinSwitzerland,theyarearrested,butFredericexplainsthattheyaretouristsandthattheyhavecometoSwitzerlandforthewintersports.Becausetheyhaveagoodbit

26、ofmoneyandvalidpassports,theauthoritiesletthemgo.FredericandCatherinetraveltoMontreuxandspendahappyandromanticfallinasmallchalet(小木屋)amidstthemountainpines.2021/3/926WhenCatherineisreadytogivebirth,FrederictakeshertoahospitalinLausanne.Catherineslaborisextremelydifficult,andthedoctorgivesherlaughing

27、gastoeasethepain.Whenitisclearthatsheisnotgoingtobeabletogivebirthtothechildnaturally,thedoctortriestodeliveritbycesareansection,butthebabyisalreadydead.AnursesendsFredericouttogetsomethingtoeat.Whenhereturns,helearnsthatCatherinehasbeguntohemorrhage.Thedoctorisunabletostopthebleeding,andCatherinesc

28、onditiongraduallyworsens.OncesheandFredericsaygood-bye,Catherineslipsintounconsciousnessandsoondies.Catherineisgone.Fredericwalksbacktothehotelaloneintherain.2021/3/927 Analysis of Major CharactersFrederic Henry Inthesectionsofthenovelinwhichhedescribeshisexperienceinthewar,Henryportrayshimselfasama

29、nofduty.Heattachestothisunderstandingofhimselfnosenseofhonor,nordoesheexpectanypraiseforhisservice.Evenafterhehasbeenseverelywounded,hediscouragesRinaldifrompursuingmedalsofdistinctionforhim.Timeandagain,throughconversationswithmenlikethepriest,EttoreMoretti,andGino,Henrydistanceshimselffromsuchabst

30、ractnotionsasfaith,honor,andpatriotism.Conceptssuchasthesemeannothingtohimbesidesuchconcretefactsofwarasthenamesofthecitiesinwhichhehasfoughtandthenumbersofdecimated(嚴(yán)重破壞的)streets.2021/3/928Henry isadisillusionedmanofthemodernworldsearchingforsomevaluesorsomesystemthathecanbelievein.Heisalonesomeand

31、confusedandrestlessman.Hedoesnotfunctionwellinthiswhirlwindexistenceofdisorderandconfusion.HidbasicdesiretoderivesomecodeoflifebywhichhecanlivecauseshimfirsttoattachhimselftoCatherineBarkley.Laterheseesintheirrelationshipatypeoforder,atypeofcommitmenttoaregularexistence.Ultimatelyintheendofthenovel,

32、Henrycomestotherealizationthatlifecanbefacedonlyifhedevelopswithinhimselfaninnerstrengthandinnerdisciplinewhichwillallowhimtomeetallencounterswiththesamegraceunderpressure.2021/3/929Catherine BarkleyWiththeadventoffeministcriticism,readershavebecomemorevocalabouttheirdissatisfactionwithHemingwaysdep

33、ictionsofwomen,which,accordingtocriticssuchasLeslieA.Fiedler,tendtofallintooneoftwocategories:overlydominantshrews,likeLadyBrettinThe Sun Also Rises,andoverlysubmissiveconfections,likeCatherineBarkleyinA Farewell to Arms.Hemingwaywasathisbestdealingwithmenwithoutwomen;whenhestartedtoinvolvefemalecha

34、ractersinhiswriting,herevertedtouncomplicatedstereotypes.AFarewelltoArmscertainlysupportssuchareading:itiseasytoseehowCatherinesblissfulsubmissiontodomesticity,especiallyatthenovelsend,mightranklecontemporaryreadersforwhomlinessuchas“Imhavingachildandthatmakesmecontentednottodoanything”suggestabygon

35、eerainwhichawomansworkcenteredaroundmaintainingahomeandfillingitwithchildren.2021/3/930She is a loving, dedicated woman whose desire and capacity for a redemptive, otherworldly love makes her the inevitable victim of tragedy.She is a static character. She dies as she had lived, with honesty, with di

36、scipline, and with courage.“Its just a dirty trick.” 2021/3/931 Themes1.TheGrimRealityofWarThenoveloffersmasterfuldescriptionsoftheconflictssenselessbrutalityandviolentchaos:thesceneoftheItalianarmysretreatremainsoneofthemostprofoundevocationsofwarinAmericanliterature.2.TheRelationshipBetweenLoveand

37、PainIftheyaretoachievephysical,emotional,andpsychologicalhealing,theyhavefoundtheperfectplaceinthesaferemoveoftheSwissmountains.Thetragedyofthenovelrestsinthefactthattheirlove,evenwhengenuine,canneverbemorethantemporaryinthisworld.2021/3/932SymbolsRainRainservesinthenovelasapotentsymboloftheinevitabledisintegrationofhappinessinlife.CatherineinfusestheweatherwithmeaningassheandHenrylieinbedlisteningtothestormoutside.Astherainfallsontheroof,Catherineadmitsthat