C上機實驗報告實驗六

1、實驗六實驗?zāi)康恼莆者\算符重載的方法學(xué)習(xí)使用虛函數(shù)實現(xiàn)動態(tài)多態(tài)性實驗要求定義Point類，有坐標(biāo)_x,_y兩個成員變量；對Point類重載"+”(自增)、“”(自減)運算符，實現(xiàn)對坐標(biāo)值而改變。1. 定義一個車(vehiele)基類，有RunStop等成員函數(shù)，由此派生出自行車(bicycle)類、汽車(motorcar)類，從bicycle和motorcar派生出摩托車(motorcycle)類，它們都有RunStop等成員函數(shù)。觀察虛函數(shù)的作用。2. (選做)對實驗4中的People類重載“=”運算符和“”運算符，“=”運算符判斷兩個people類對象的id屆性是否相等；“”運算符

2、實現(xiàn)People類對象的賦值操作。實驗內(nèi)容及實驗步驟1.編寫程序定義Point類，在類中定義整型的私有成員變量_x_y，定義成員函數(shù)Point&operator+()；Pointoperator+(int);以實現(xiàn)對Point類重載"+”(自增)運算符,定義成員函數(shù)Point&operator()；Pointoperator(int);以實現(xiàn)對Point類重載”(自減)運算符，實現(xiàn)對坐標(biāo)值的改變。程序名：1ab8_1.Cpp#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classPointpublic:Point();Point(

3、intx,inty);Point()Point&operator+();Pointoperator+(int);Point&operator-();Pointoperator-(int);voidShow();private:int_x;int_y;Point:Point()_x=0;_y=0;Point:Point(intx,inty)/Point/Point/Point類析構(gòu)函數(shù)公有成員函數(shù)私有數(shù)據(jù)成員類構(gòu)造函數(shù)類構(gòu)造函數(shù)(_x=x;_y=y;Point&Point:operator+()/(_x+；_y+;PointPoint:operator+(int)/(Po

4、intold=*this;+(this->_x);+(this->_y);returnold;Point&Point:operator-()/(_x-;_y-;PointPoint:operator-(int)/(Pointold=*this;-(this->_x);-(this->_y);returnold;voidPoint:Show()/(cout<<_x<<”,"<<_y<<”)”<<endl;intmain()(Pointa(2,3);/Pointb=a+;/Pointc=+a;/P

5、ointd=-a;/Pointe=a-;/cout<<"Pointa("a.Show();/cout<<"Pointb("b.Show();/cout<<"Pointc("重載后置+運算符為Point類成員函數(shù)重載前置+運算符為Point類成員函數(shù)重載后置-運算符為Point類成員函數(shù)重載前置-運算符為Point類成員函數(shù)輸出Point的坐標(biāo)值定義一個Point類對象a定義Point類對象b并用a+初始化b定義Point類對象c并用+a初始化c定義Point類對象d并用-a初始化d定義Point類對

6、象e并用a-初始化e輸出a的坐標(biāo)輸出b的坐標(biāo)c.Show();/輸出c的坐標(biāo)cout<<"Pointd("d.Show();cout<<"Pointe("/輸出d的坐標(biāo)e.Show();return0;/輸出e的坐標(biāo)運行結(jié)果：2編寫程序定義一個車(vehicle)基類，有Run、Stop等成員函數(shù)，由此派生出自行車(bicycle)類、汽車(motorcar)類，從bicycle和motorcar派生出摩托車(motorcycle)類，它們都有Run、Stop等成員函數(shù)。在main()函數(shù)中定義vehicle、bicycle、mo

7、torcar、motorcycle的對象，調(diào)用其Run()、Stop()函數(shù)，觀察其執(zhí)行情況。再分別用vehicle類型的指針來調(diào)用這幾個對象的成員函數(shù)，看看能否成功；把Run、Stop定義為虛函數(shù)，再試試看。程序名：lab8_2.cpp#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classvehicle/基類vehiclepublic:vehicle()vehicle()virtualvoidRun()cout<<"Thevehicleisrunning!"<<endl;/定義虛函數(shù)Run()virtualv

8、oidStop()cout<<"Thevehiclehasstopped!"<<endl;/定義虛函數(shù)Stop()；classbicycle:virtualpublicvehicle/定義派生類bicycle,聲明基類為派生類的虛基類public:voidRun()cout<<"Thebicycleisrunning!"<<endl;voidStop()cout<<"Thebicyclehasstopped!"<<endl；bicycle()bicycle();c

9、lassmotorcar:virtualpublicvehicle/定義派生類motorcar,聲明基類為派生類的虛基類public:voidRun()cout<<"Themotorcarisrunning!"<<endl;voidStop()cout<<"Themotorcarhasstopped!"<<endl;motorcar()motorcar();classmotorcycle:publicbicycle,publicmotorcar/以bicycle類和motorcar類作為基類派生新類moto

10、rcyclepublic:voidRun()cout<<"Themotorcycleisrunning!"<<endl;voidStop()cout<<"Themotorcyclehasstopped!"<<endl;intmain()vehiclea;/的一個對象avehicle*p;/vehicle類的指針bicycleb;/的對象bmotorcarc;/類的對象cmotorcycled;/類的對象d定義vehicle類定義一個定義bicycle類定義motorcar定義motorcyclea.Run(

11、);Stop();Run();b.Stop();c.Run();c.Stop();d.Run();d.Stop();p=&a;/使指針p指向vehicle類對象ap->Run();/通過指針調(diào)用vehicle類成員函數(shù)p->Stop();p=&b;/使指針p指向bicycle類對象bp->Run();/通過指針調(diào)用bicycle類成員函數(shù)p->Stop();p=&c;/使指針p指向motorcar類對象cp->Run();/通過指針調(diào)用motorcar類成員函數(shù)p->Stop();p=&d;/使指針指向motorbicycle

12、類對象dp->Run();/通過指針調(diào)用motorcycle類成員函數(shù)p->Stop();return0;運行結(jié)果:3.（選做）對實驗4中的People類重載“=”運算符和“”運算符，“=”運算符判斷兩個people類對象的id屆性是否相等；賦值操作。源程序：#include<iostream>#include<string>usingnamespacestd;classBirthdaypublic:Birthday(intYear,intMonth,intDay);Birthday()/Birthday()/Birthday(Birthday&p)

13、;/intshowBirthday()cout<<year<<"年"<<month<<"月"<<day<<"日intenter();private:intyear,month,day;Birthday:Birthday(Birthday&p)運算符實現(xiàn)People類對象的/II;/構(gòu)造函數(shù)構(gòu)造函數(shù)析構(gòu)函數(shù)復(fù)制構(gòu)造函數(shù)內(nèi)聯(lián)成員函數(shù)year=p.year;month=p.month;day=p.day;Birthday:Birthday(intYear,intMonth

14、,intDay)/Birthday類構(gòu)造函數(shù)year=Year;month=Month;day=Day;intBirthday:enter()cout<<"生日:"cin>>year>>month>>day;classpeople/定義people類public:people()(/peoplepeople()(/peoplepeople(people&p);peopleoperator=(people&);peopleoperator-(people&);intshow();intenter();pr

15、ivate:stringnumber,id,sex;/Birthdayp1;/Birthday;intpeople:show()(cout<<"n性別"<<sex<<"編號"cout<<number;cout<<"生日"p1.showBirthday();/cout<<"身份證號"<<id<<endl;intpeople:enter()(p1.enter();cout<<"性別:"；cin

16、>>sex;cout<<"編號:"cin>>number;cout<<"身份證號:"cin>>id;people:people(people&p):p1(p.p1)/people(number=p.number;sex=p.sex;id=p.id;peoplepeople:operator=(people&V)/(if(id=V.id)(cout<<"havethesameid!"<<endl;else(cout<<&quo

17、t;havedifferentid!"<<endl;類構(gòu)造函數(shù)類析構(gòu)函數(shù)字符申類型變量數(shù)據(jù)成員類數(shù)據(jù)成員調(diào)用Birthday類成員函數(shù)類復(fù)制構(gòu)造函數(shù)重載=運算符成員函數(shù)number=U.number;sex=U.sex;id=U.id;p1=U.p1;return*this;/intmain()(intt;peoplep2;/for(t=0;t<2;t+)/使用字符申賦值運算符返回this指釘定義對象數(shù)組p2輸入對象數(shù)組成員信息(cout<<"輸入第"<<t+1<<"個人員的信息"<&

18、lt;endl;pt.enter();for(t=0;t<2;t+)/輸出對象數(shù)組成員信息(cout<<"n第"<<t+1<<"個人員信息如下:"<<endl;pt.show();peoplep3;/定義people類的對象p3p3-p1;/使用重載運算符將p1賦給p3cout<<"n第3個人員信息如下:"<<endl;p3.show();cout<<"p0,p1"p0=p1;/使用重載運算符-判斷p0和p1的id是否相等return0;運行結(jié)果：1. 思考題如何將一個運算符重載為類的成員函數(shù)?一般語法形式：2. 返回類型operator運算符（形參表）（函數(shù)體函數(shù)的參數(shù)個數(shù)比原來的曹祖數(shù)個數(shù)要少一個（后置“+”,“-”除外）如何將一個運算符重載為類的友元函數(shù)？一般形式：friend返回類型op