【維克多】維詞課堂人教版B1U3 (5)

1、教材版本：人教維冊(cè)別單元：B1U3 詞課堂A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. Vygotskypreferflowpersuadeorganizedeterminejourneyview用法、搭配一詞多義一詞多義一詞多義辨析義一詞多義英語釋義重難點(diǎn)詞用法、搭配 Sit down, please. 請(qǐng)坐。 I prefer to stand, thank you. 謝謝，我更愿意站著。漫畫一漫畫一漫畫二漫畫二Nice, but I still prefer dogs. 很好，但是我還是更喜歡狗。preferprefer vt 不用于不用于進(jìn)

2、行時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí) 更喜歡；更愿意：更喜歡；更愿意： Tea or coffee? 喝茶還是咖啡？ Id prefer tea, thanks. 我喜歡茶，謝謝。She prefers her coffee black. 她更喜歡喝清咖啡。 prefer sb / sth to do sth:Id prefer you to start early. 我更希望你早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。北師大 24I prefer my English classes to be taught in English only. 我希望我的英語課是全英語授課。 prefer to do sth / doing sth:Some peo

3、ple prefer to do almost everything over the Internet. 有些人喜歡在網(wǎng)上做幾乎一切事情。2013 安徽I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sunday. 周日我喜歡一整天把自己關(guān)在屋里聽音樂。 prefer (doing) sth to (doing) sth:I prefer the red dress to the green one because it fits me better. 比起那條綠裙子，我更喜歡那條紅色的，因?yàn)樗m合我。 人教 3I

4、would prefer reading books to watching television.比起看電視，我還是喜歡讀書。此結(jié)構(gòu)中此結(jié)構(gòu)中to是介詞，而不是是介詞，而不是動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)。其后接名動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)。其后接名詞或者動(dòng)名詞，為保持前后詞或者動(dòng)名詞，為保持前后 對(duì)應(yīng)，對(duì)應(yīng)，prefer后也接動(dòng)名詞。后也接動(dòng)名詞。 prefer + that 從句：從句：They preferred the money (should) be used for building schools and hospitals. 他們?cè)敢饽眠@筆錢來建學(xué)校和醫(yī)院。I would prefer that yo

5、u didnt mention my name. 我希望你不要提我的名字。prefer + that 從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句中用虛擬語氣。preference C & U 偏愛；優(yōu)先偏愛；優(yōu)先 (權(quán)權(quán))：A teacher should not show preference for any one of his pupils. 老師不應(yīng)對(duì)任何一個(gè)學(xué)生有所偏愛。in order of preference 按優(yōu)先順序 C 偏愛的事物偏愛的事物 / / 人：人：Wine or beer? Which is your preference? 葡萄酒還是啤酒？你更喜歡哪種？ preferred a

6、dj 首選的；有優(yōu)先權(quán)首選的；有優(yōu)先權(quán)的的 n 一、用所給單詞的正確形式填空。1. Id prefer _ (travel) by train.2. I prefer my English classes _ (teach) in English only.3. I prefer going out for a more active life on Sundays to _(stay) at home all day.二、根據(jù)所給提示，完成下列句子。1. Some people _(喜歡散步多于喜歡爬山).2. My parents _(更喜歡早起) in the morning. (201

7、4 四川閱讀) travelling / to travelto be taught stayingprefer walking to climbingprefer getting up / to get up earlyflow鼠標(biāo)放這里 點(diǎn)我有驚喜 vi (液體、氣體、電等液體、氣體、電等) 流動(dòng)；流出流動(dòng)；流出：The water flows into the Niagara River and over the falls on its way to the sea. 湖水流入尼亞加拉河，再經(jīng)過大瀑布，流向大海。 人教 5 比喻人或事物像水一樣比喻人或事物像水一樣 流逝；暢通；流淌流逝

8、；暢通；流淌：Time flows away. 光陰流逝。Her hair flowed down over her shoulders. 她的頭發(fā)垂到肩上。Trucks and cars flowed along the highway. 卡車和汽車在公路上川流不息。low low ll n C & U 流；流動(dòng)流；流動(dòng)：a flow of people / cars 人流 / 車流free flow of information 信息的自由交流。 一、請(qǐng)將下列英語短語或句子翻譯成漢語。一、請(qǐng)將下列英語短語或句子翻譯成漢語。1. flow freely _2. flow in the

9、 wind _3. Rivers flow into the sea. _4. The crowd flowed out of the station. _5. Tears flowed down his cheeks. _6. The colored flags flow in the wind. _7. The lines in this painting flow. _8. Her hair flowed down her back. _ 自由流動(dòng)在風(fēng)中流動(dòng)百川歸海。人群涌出車站。他淚流滿面。彩旗迎風(fēng)飄揚(yáng)。這幅畫線條流暢。她的頭發(fā)飄垂在她的背后。二、請(qǐng)將下列短語或句子翻譯成英語。二、請(qǐng)將

10、下列短語或句子翻譯成英語。1. 氣流 _2. 數(shù)據(jù)流 _3. 緩緩地流淌 _4. 流入大海 _5. 這條河流經(jīng)這個(gè)城市。 _6. 時(shí)間流逝。 _7. 那條河從東向西流。 _8. 河水漫過堤岸。 _ air flowdata flowflow quietlyflow into the seaThe river flows through the city.Time flows away.The river flows from east to west.The river flowed over the bank.persuade生活中有的時(shí)候我們不得不試圖說服別人。比如，你可能要說服朋友一起去

11、看你最喜歡的電影，或是說服父母給你買某樣?xùn)|西。勸說是一門藝術(shù)，需要的不僅僅是口若懸河。你認(rèn)為應(yīng)該如何勸說別人呢？persuade vt 說服說服；勸服；勸服 (talk into)：She is always easily persuaded. 她總是很容易被說服。 persuade sb to do sth:She persuaded my father to go to a dental school. 她說服我父親去牙科學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。 2010 江蘇改后接不定式后接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) persuade sb into (doing) sth:I managed to persuade

12、 my classmates into accepting my idea. 我說服了我的同學(xué)接受我的想法。2015 浙江書面表達(dá) persuade sb out of (doing) sth:We persuaded him out of his foolish plan. 我們說服了他放棄那項(xiàng)愚蠢的計(jì)劃。persuade sb into / persuade sb into / out of doing sth out of doing sth 說說服某人做服某人做 / / 不做某事不做某事在表示“勸說”，但不一定“勸服”時(shí)，用try to persuade。She would try t

13、o persuade local business leaders to contribute money to the cause. 她會(huì)勸說當(dāng)?shù)氐纳探珙I(lǐng)導(dǎo)人為該事業(yè)捐款。 2017 北京改 使使相信；使信服相信；使信服 (convince)： persuade sb of sth:Im persuaded of his honesty. 我相信他是誠實(shí)的。 persuade sb + that 從句從句:I persuaded him that I was telling the truth. 我使他相信我講的是實(shí)情。persuade sb of sth persuade sb of st

14、h 使某人相信某事使某人相信某事persuade sbpersuade sb后接后接thatthat從句，從句，sbsb不能省略不能省略 persuasion n U 說服說服 persuasive ww adj 有說服力的有說服力的一、在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1. He decided to persuade his grandpa _ (set) the bird free.2. Get a coffee machine for your home or office, or persuade your company _ buying one. (Tell th

15、em it will improve productivity (生產(chǎn)率). ) (2010 浙江)3. My parents persuade me _ the importance of going to oofto set二、根據(jù)漢語提示，完成下列句子。1. _ (由于沒有說服我父母), I failed to go to a music school, where my interest lay. (persuade) (2013 湖北)2. There is nothing more I can _ (勸說你留下來), so I wish you good lu

16、ck.3. She didnt really want to go to Beijing, but Tony _ (說服了她) somehow.4. Advertisements _ (使我們相信) newer is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. (2015 安徽)Not having persuaded my parents try to persuade you to stay managed to persuade her persuade us thatorganize / organiseOr

17、ganize Your Mind, Organize Your Life是一本讀者指南，旨在幫助讀者通過訓(xùn)練自己的頭腦、“組織”自己的思維以求事半功倍，“安排”好自己的生活。現(xiàn)在讓我們來看看這個(gè)“組織”和“安排”吧！organize語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)組織組織(基本義基本義)“組織”活動(dòng)“組織”時(shí)間、觀點(diǎn)等抽象事物“組織”有共同目標(biāo)的人組建組建( (組織、政黨等組織、政黨等) )安排；分配安排；分配組織；為組織；為安排；籌備安排；籌備 vt 組織；組織；為為作安排作安排 ；籌備；籌備 to plan or arrange an event, activity, etc.：organize a meetin

18、g / party / trip 組織會(huì)議 / 聚會(huì) / 旅行I knew nothing about organizing any big event. 對(duì)于籌備大型活動(dòng)我一無所知。 2012 天津 v英語釋義幫助理英語釋義幫助理解解organize / organise / vt 安排安排；分配分配 to put or arrange thingsinto a system or logical order：You should try and organize your time better. 你應(yīng)該更好地安排時(shí)間。When writing an article, we should

19、read the topiccarefully and organize our ideas. 寫文章時(shí)我們要仔細(xì)閱讀題目并組織好思路。 2009 福建改英語釋義幫助理英語釋義幫助理解解 vt & vi 組建組建(組織、政黨等組織、政黨等)：organize into a union / party 組建工會(huì) / 政黨The scientists need to organize themselves into a team. 這些科學(xué)家需要組成一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)。低義頻釋義，需要單獨(dú)記低義頻釋義，需要單獨(dú)記憶憶 只用于名詞前只用于名詞前 有組織的；有安排的有組織的；有安排的：organized

20、 crime 有組織的犯罪活動(dòng)I want to work with a well organized team. 我想和組織良好的團(tuán)隊(duì)一起工作。 有序的；有條理的：有序的；有條理的：a very organized person 很有條理的人詞匯拓展詞匯拓展adjorganized / organised /organizer / organiser / / C 組織者組織者詞匯拓展詞匯拓展n 根據(jù)漢語補(bǔ)全下列句子。根據(jù)漢語補(bǔ)全下列句子。1. 會(huì)議組織得很糟糕。The meeting was _. 2. 課后會(huì)組織小組活動(dòng)幫助孩子們培養(yǎng)團(tuán)隊(duì)精神。(2014 重慶 單選)_ after cla

21、ss to help children develop team spirit. 3.要寫出好文章，必須先從邏輯上理順?biāo)季w。 To write a good essay you must first _ logically. 4.大家要我組織這次旅游，可是我把事情搞砸了。I was asked to _, but I messed it up.Group activities will be organized badly organizedorganize your ideas organize the tripdetermineYour attitude your altitude. 你的

22、態(tài)度決定你的高度。Keywords 關(guān)鍵詞determine = decide? 這兩個(gè)詞到底有什么關(guān)系呢？詞源解讀詞源義是“確定 / 決定”，產(chǎn)生于14世紀(jì)中期；“決心 (做某事)”產(chǎn)生于15世紀(jì)中期。 vt 確定；查明 to find sth out ：Investigators are still trying to determine what caused the fire. 調(diào)查人員仍在設(shè)法找出失火的原因。determine v 正式用語正式用語 借助find out 幫助理解 掌握determine + wh-從句 正式用語，用于比較正式的場(chǎng)合和文體 vt 是的決定因素；影響 t

23、o fix or decide sth：It is your efforts, not your intelligence, that determine your success. 決定成功的是努力而非智力。2008 湖北Demand determines supply. 需求決定供給。 通過fix和decide幫助理解 低義頻釋義需留意 vt & vi 決心；決定 to decide sth firmly：I determine to make more efforts to improve my English. 我決心更加努力提高英語水平。She determined that

24、 nothing should be changed in her report.她決意不對(duì)自己的報(bào)告作任何修改。We determined on an early start. 我們決定早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。借助decide幫助理解 牢記詞塊determine to do, determine that, determine onsummary嘗試翻譯這句話，感受determine和decide的異同【拓展】過去分詞形容詞determined adj 有決心的；意志堅(jiān)定的：My father was determined that none of his children would be denied

25、 an education. 我父親決意不讓自己的一個(gè)孩子不接受教育。 2015 福建改(be) determined to do sth:Amazed at how skilful they were, I was determined to be just as good. 驚奇于他們的技術(shù)是如此嫻熟，我決心要跟他們一樣優(yōu)秀。 2013 浙江 有“決心”做某事 堅(jiān)決的；堅(jiān)定的：She gave me a determined look the kind that said she wouldnt change her mind. 她給了我一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的眼神表明她是不會(huì)改變主意的。 人教 3表現(xiàn)

26、出有決心的行為句式結(jié)構(gòu)【拓展】 名詞determination R3 n U 決定；決心；果斷：carry out the plan with determination 堅(jiān)決執(zhí)行計(jì)劃名 The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it. 人生最重要的事情是確定一個(gè)偉大的目標(biāo)，并下定決心去實(shí)現(xiàn)它。 歌德 determination是determine的派生詞，由determine + -ation構(gòu)成； 掌握詞塊determination to do sth 做某事的決心

27、；有時(shí)根據(jù)語境，表示“下定決心”可以用“have the determination”表達(dá) ?！驹~匯知識(shí)拓展詞匯知識(shí)拓展】determiner是英語語法術(shù)語中的“限定詞”，用于修飾和限定名詞， 明確性質(zhì)范圍的一系列詞。包括：冠詞 (the, a, an)，指示代詞 (this / that / )，形容詞性物主代詞 (his / her / )，名詞所有格 (his / hers / ours / )，數(shù)詞等等。練一練一、寫出下列句子中一、寫出下列句子中determine的漢語釋義。的漢語釋義。1. Our social positions determine the way we are d

28、ressed. _2. It is difficult to determine the exact cause of the illness._3. The date of the court case has not yet been determined._4. How hard the swimmers work now will determine how they perform in the Olympics. _決定決定確定確定二、在空白處填入1個(gè)單詞或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1. Shes sure to get the job she wants shes a very _

29、(determine) person.2. Jane was determined not _ (go) against her fathers wishes and accept his advice.3. He is an excellent lawyer (律師) with a good brain and a _ (determine) to achieve. (2009 陜西)4. Black holes can not be seen directly, so _ (determine) the number of them is very difficult.determined

30、to godeterminationdetermining三、根據(jù)所給提示，完成下列句子。1. It is not what you are given but how you make use of it that _ (決定你是誰). (2012 湖北)2. Realizing that he has wasted too much time, the boy _ (決心停下不玩游戲).3. If we _ (有勇氣和決心), we will finally get the sunshine we want. (2010 北京書面表達(dá))determines who you areis de

31、termined to stop playing games have the courage and determination 圖中的旅游景點(diǎn)去過了嗎？那么你去這些景點(diǎn)是用journey, voyage, trip 還是 tour來描述呢？journey, voyage, trip, tour 辨析辨析journey, voyage, trip, tour 詞源義journey來自法語journe，跟jour（白天，天，即day）有關(guān)，所以本意是“一天的行程”，引申義是“行程”“人生旅程”，主要指的是“行程” 。來自古法語voiage，旅行，航程，詞源同via, way。后主要指航海。to

32、ur來自tourner（轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，即turn），所以tour有“巡游，巡回”的意思，指在某個(gè)地方轉(zhuǎn)一圈觀光的那種旅行。來自古法語 triper“跳動(dòng)，舞動(dòng)” ，引申詞義為“輕快的走，跑，跳，遠(yuǎn)足，旅行” 。四者都含“旅行”之意，但具體含義不同。journey指長途旅行或經(jīng)常性的旅行，強(qiáng)調(diào)旅行本身，有時(shí)行程較艱難或不含回程的意義。Its a two-hour train journey from York to London.從約克到倫敦坐火車有兩小時(shí)的路程。He makes the journey Moscow three times a year. 他一年要去莫斯科三次。voyage指長途旅行，

33、通常走海路或乘飛機(jī)、飛船等。The ship set out on a long voyage. 這艘輪船開始了遠(yuǎn)洋航行。journey, voyage, trip, tourtrip指短途往返的旅行或不常為之的旅行，強(qiáng)調(diào)目的或出行原因。a trip to the seaside 一次海濱之行Do you want to go on the school trip France this year? 你想?yún)⒓咏衲陮W(xué)校組織的赴法旅行嗎？tour側(cè)重指“觀光游覽”，往往在旅行過程中參觀多個(gè)景點(diǎn)。We went on a guided tour round the castle. 我們由導(dǎo)游帶著參觀

34、了城堡。A bus took us on a sightseeing tour of the city. 我們乘坐大巴游覽了這座城市。1. Its the _, not the arrival, that counts. (2015 天津)2. Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life _. (2013 安徽)3. I wish I had been at my sisters wedding last

35、Tuesday, but I was on a business _ in New York then. (2015 天津)4. Ridgway won his fame for his _ across the Atlantic.5. As soon as we arrived, we went on a _ of the city. (2014 北京) 選詞填空。journey, trip, tour, voyagejourneyjourneytripvoyagetourview 斷斷章章 卞之琳卞之琳你站在橋上看風(fēng)景，看風(fēng)景人在樓上看你。明月裝飾了你的窗子，你裝飾了別人的夢(mèng)。欣賞譯文并比

36、較：英譯本一 許景城譯You stand on the bridge viewing the sight;Youre beheld by the viewer from height.The moon bedecks your window agleam,While you adorn to anothers dream.英譯本二 楊憲益、戴乃迭譯When you watch the scenery from the bridge,The sightseer watches you from the balcony.The bright moon adorns your window,Whil

37、e you adorn anothers dream.英譯本三 葉維廉譯You stand upon the bridge to look at the landscape.A landscape viewer upon the tower looks at you.The moon decorates your window.You decorate other peoples dreams.英譯本四 趙彥春譯 On the bridge you look at the viewThat viewer on the tower looks at youThe moon decorates y

38、our window with its beamAnd you decorate the others dream上面四個(gè)譯文，你更喜歡誰的翻譯呢？這首詩里的“風(fēng)景”有的譯成“view”，有的譯成“scenery”、“sight”、 “l(fā)andscape” 。view詞源詞源研究詞源后不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，view名詞的詞源義“(對(duì)土地的) 正式視察”已經(jīng)消失；而15世紀(jì)中期產(chǎn)生的意義“視覺”是它的基本義。這一意義源自于拉丁語videre (to see)，和英語vision是同根詞。view語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)視覺視覺view肉眼看到的肉眼看到的范圍范圍看到的景色看到的景色對(duì)人或事物對(duì)人或事物的看法的看法視野；視線

39、視野；視線風(fēng)景；景色風(fēng)景；景色理解或思維理解或思維的方法；方式的方法；方式看待看待事事物物的的方式方式觀點(diǎn)；看法觀點(diǎn)；看法基本義由人到物由外到到內(nèi)由具抽象體view n U 視野；視線視野；視線 the ability to see sth or to be seen from a particular place：There was usually nobody in view except some sheep in the grassland. 在草原上常?？床坏揭粋€(gè)人，只能看到一些羊。The lake came into view as we turned the corner. 轉(zhuǎn)過

40、彎，我們就看見那個(gè)湖了。Sit down youre blocking my view. 坐下，你擋住我的視線了。注意搭配注意搭配in view, come into view, block sbs view C 風(fēng)景；景色風(fēng)景；景色 what you can see from a particular place：While climbing the mountain, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view. 爬山時(shí)，我們沐浴著溫暖的陽光，欣賞著美麗的風(fēng)景。2008 北京書面表達(dá)Id like a room with a sea

41、view. 我想要一間海景房。側(cè)重表示從某處可看到的側(cè)重表示從某處可看到的“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)景景”，尤指，尤指從窗口從窗口、高處等看、高處等看到的景色。到的景色。 C 觀點(diǎn)；看法觀點(diǎn)；看法 an opinion or idea about sth (opinion)：Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other persons view is wrong. 每個(gè)人都可能會(huì)認(rèn)為自己是對(duì)的，而對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)的。2009 江蘇Jill and I have different views on / about thesubject.

42、我和吉爾在這個(gè)話題上的觀點(diǎn)不同。In my view, playing computer games is a waste of time. 在我看來，玩電腦游戲浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。Cant you see things from my point of view? 你就不能從我的角度看待事物嗎？2013 重慶與與介詞介詞on / abouton / about搭配搭配in sbs view和和from sbs point of view是高考寫作常用詞是高考寫作常用詞塊。塊。釋義比較抽象，不好釋義比較抽象，不好理解，可通過英語釋理解，可通過英語釋義和例句幫助加深理義和例句幫助加深理解。解。 U 理解或思維的方法理解或思維的方法 / / 方式方式 a way a way of of thinking about thinking about or understanding sthor understanding sth：my world view 我的世界觀Your view of life is different from mine. 你的人生觀跟我的不同。in view of 鑒于；考慮到：鑒于；考慮到：In view of th