八年級(jí)英語常用介詞的基本用法II沈陽牛津版知識(shí)精講

1、初二英語常用介詞的基本用法（II）本講教育信息】.教學(xué)內(nèi)容：常用介詞的基本用法（II）二.具體過程：（六）某些形容詞和介詞的固定搭配1） beafraidof擔(dān)心beafraidfor替而擔(dān)心2） beangryabout/atsth.因而生氣beangrywithsb.對(duì)某人發(fā)怒3） beanxiousforsth.渴望beanxiousaboutsth./sb.擔(dān)心4） bedifferentfrom與不同beindifferentto%不關(guān)心5） begoodat擅長begoodfor對(duì)有益begoodofsb.todosth.友好6） bestrictwithsb.對(duì)嚴(yán)格bestric

2、tinsth.7） bepopularwithsb.受至U歡迎bepopularinsomeplace流行在bepopularfor因而流行8） bepleasedwith+n.或what從句；bepleasedat+抽象名詞聽、看至U而高興9） bedisappointedatsth.;bedisappointedwithsb.對(duì)失望10） beknowntosb.;beknownwith+n.或從句；beknownfor因而著名11） beabsentfrom缺席12） bedevotedto獻(xiàn)身于13） beopento對(duì)開放14） bepoor/clever/expertat15） b

3、esorryfor替/為后悔16） berichinbeinterestedin17） beproudof（takepridein）18） besatisfiedwith/bybesureof/about19） befondof,befitfor,bebusywithsth.（indoingsth.）20） belatefor,bereadyfor21） besimilarto:bewrongwith（七）以to為中心構(gòu)成的短語的歸納belongto,cometo（蘇醒），lookforwardto,leadto,stickto,referto,turnto,drinkto（為干杯）,obje

4、ctto（反對(duì)），replytotheletter,helponeselfto,sing/dancetothemusic（和著在聲中唱/跳）,devoteoneselfto（八）以for為中心構(gòu)成的短語的歸納askfor,callfor（去接某人）,carefor（關(guān)心）,goinfor（從事）,answerfor（對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)）,sendfor,payfor,praisesb.for（贊揚(yáng)某人某事）,headfor（向方向移動(dòng)）,searchfor,takefor（誤以為）,leavefor,preparefor（為準(zhǔn)備）,thanksb.for,makeadivefor（向猛沖），makeupf

5、or（彌補(bǔ)損失）on為中心構(gòu)成的短語的歸納comeon來吧，callon拜訪，passon傳遞，carryon進(jìn)行下去,liveonsth.靠生活,dependon依靠，haveon穿著，havepityon同情，lookon例看作,pushon推動(dòng),spyon窺探,switch/turnon旋開,waiton服侍,walkon繼續(xù)走,spendon在上花費(fèi)日間、金錢，operateon給動(dòng)手術(shù)，takeonanewlook呈現(xiàn)新面貌（十）吊尾介詞1）某些形容詞后接不及物動(dòng)詞或V+介”型短語動(dòng)詞的不定式形式表反射”，常用吊尾介詞。A） fit,easy,hard,good,difficult,

6、comfortable,heavy等形容詞后，常用吊尾介詞。e.g.Thegirliseasytogetalongwith.B） beworthdoing,beworthyofbeingdone,beworthytobedone,want/require/needdoing表反射，常用吊尾介詞。e.g.Theproblemisworthdealingwith.Thebookisworthyofbeingreferredto.2） 不及物動(dòng)詞的不定式修飾表“涉及對(duì)象、場(chǎng)所、工具、手段、方式、材料等”意義的名詞時(shí)常用吊尾介詞。e.g.Thereisnothingforustoworryabout.

7、aroomtolivein3） 定語從句中，先行詞被一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞所修飾，則不及物動(dòng)詞后要帶介詞，先行詞被“V價(jià)”組成的短語動(dòng)詞所修飾，介詞常在句尾。e.g.HeistheverymanIjustspoketo.Thisisthelifeheisusedto.4） 以what，whose，who，whatever等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句、表語從句中常出現(xiàn)“吊尾介詞”。e.g.Idontknowwhatyoudoitfor.5） 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和特殊疑問句中由于被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分和疑問詞位置變更，常出現(xiàn)吊尾介詞。在上下文意義清楚時(shí)，特殊疑問句常用省簡結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g.Itisthepoorboythatwegavethe

8、booksto.Whatfor?（為什么？）Whereto?（去哪兒？）Whowith?（和誰去？）6）被動(dòng)語態(tài)中“V介”短語常用吊尾介詞。e.g.Hewaslistenedtocomehere.Hehasneverbeenspokentointhisway.（十一）雙重介詞雙重介詞是兩個(gè)介詞的重疊使用，表達(dá)兩個(gè)介詞共有的更精確更明了的含義，從表達(dá)意義的角度分析，雙重介詞用在一個(gè)介詞難以全面表達(dá)含義的場(chǎng)合，或者是需要從兩個(gè)角度來描述其具體意義的場(chǎng)合，一般地，前一個(gè)介詞意義含糊，后一個(gè)介詞比較具體或從另一個(gè)角度對(duì)前者進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充完善。e.g.Newshootswillcomeupfromroundr

9、oots.新芽從舊根周圍長出。（from和round同屬地點(diǎn)位置范疇，但一個(gè)介詞均不足以全面表意。）Hewon'tcomebackuntilaftersunset.太陽落山之后他才回來。（until與after同屬時(shí)間范疇。）HehastraveledeverywhereexceptinJapan.Waterbegantoflowoutinsteadofintothebottle.（十二）常用介詞辨異on多用于慎重的、正式的語言交際場(chǎng)合。常見于“學(xué)術(shù)上”的“論文”或“演說”等題目，可供專門研究這一問題的人閱讀，有“論及”之意。about表示的內(nèi)容多為普遍、不那么正式，有述及”之意。of

10、作“關(guān)于”講，表示提及、涉及某人（事）時(shí)，只表示事情存在或發(fā)生，并不涉及詳情；有時(shí)與about意義相近，但有時(shí)意義很不同，常與動(dòng)詞know、hear、learn（聽說）、speak、talk、think、tell等連用。2.except,exceptfor,exceptthat,but,besides,besideexceptr之外”，指不包括，后面常接名詞、代詞（人稱代詞常用賓格），還可接介詞短語、副詞和動(dòng)詞不定式，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于but,但不定式常不帶to。exceptfor除了，只有"，意思和except一樣，主要指說明基本情況后，在細(xì)節(jié)上加以修正，后面常接名詞性短語。exceptt

11、hat除了，只是“”，意思和except、exceptfor一樣。但在用法上，主要指其后常接名詞性從句，也可接when、where等詞引導(dǎo)的其它從句。but所含除外”的意思不如except明確。but多用在代詞（主要是不定代詞、否定代詞和疑問代詞）之后。besides表示除外還有“，所排除的事物常包括在所述范圍之內(nèi)。另外，besides可用作副詞，相當(dāng)于also,有而且，加之，何況”之意。beside也是介詞，表示在附近“，只不過形似besides,容易相互混淆?！緦?duì)比】如果在區(qū)別前后有同類的詞語時(shí)，就用except,否則就用exceptfor。e.g.Thisbookhasnoblunder

12、exceptafewmistakes.Thisbookisinterestingexceptforafewmistakes.（前面無同類詞語）Everyoneofus,excepthim,wenttoseetheexhibition.形容詞解釋：（一）只能用作定語，不能用作表語的形容詞：little，wooden，golden，many，elder不能說Theboyislittle。thewatchisgolden/wooden（二）只能用作表語，不能用作定語的形容詞：well，ill，alone,content，unable，worth，afraid，alive,asleep,ashamed

13、,awake,aware.anillboy,analonevillage就是錯(cuò)的短語,anillidea“壞點(diǎn)子”ill當(dāng)定語時(shí)是轉(zhuǎn)義了,不是“有病的”了。（三）表示倍數(shù)常用的句型:HeisastallaboyasI.HeisaheadtallerthanI.HeistwoyearsolderthanIChinaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.IamtwiceasoldasyouIamtwiceolderthanyou.Iamtwicetheageofyou.MybooksaretwiceasmanyasyoursChinaisfourtimeslargerthanEur

14、ope.ChinaisfourtimesthesizeofEurope.Ipaytwiceasmuchasitwasworth.Ipaytwiceasmuchforthehouse.（四）與動(dòng)詞有區(qū)別,表示延續(xù)狀態(tài)的形容詞:open,dead,still靜,一動(dòng)也不動(dòng),常修飾動(dòng)詞sit,standThedoorisopen/closed.不要選opened或close.有特殊意義的形容詞有：closed關(guān),close的形容詞的意思是“近”,不是“關(guān)”。near,nearly,hard,hardly,most,mostly大多數(shù)（五）very修飾原級(jí)、形容詞、副詞，修飾v-ing，放在名詞前表示

15、強(qiáng)調(diào)。much修飾動(dòng)詞，修飾比較級(jí)最高級(jí)，修飾過去分詞。（六）以-ly結(jié)尾的詞一般是副詞，但有些以-ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞，如：lonely，friendly，Theytalkinafriendlyway.lovely，ugly，silly，likely，deadly（七）在be,seem及物當(dāng)主語的look,taste,smell,feel,sound,appear等動(dòng)詞后用形容詞，Ilookedattheflower.Theflowerlooksbeautiful.Heappeared（出現(xiàn)）suddenly.Heappeared（顯彳導(dǎo)）happy.（八）表示主語長期的靜止?fàn)顟B(tài),不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作

16、的sit,stand,lie接形容詞quiet,silent,still,red,peaceful等ThevalleylayquietandpeacefulShesatsilent.Theystoodstill.（九）become,fall,get,go,turn表示"變得"時(shí)后跟形容詞.Theleavesfell/got/went/turnedyellow.Itfell/got/went/turnedcold.（十）present表示“出席的,到場(chǎng)的”的時(shí)候常放在名詞后,thememberspresent表示“現(xiàn)在的”則放在名詞前thepresentmembers（十一）

17、live有時(shí)可用作形容詞:alivefish活魚（形容動(dòng)物，不形容人）ThebroadcastcomestoyoulivefromBeijing.實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播Thatwireislive.電線是帶電的。lively生動(dòng)的，活潑的Hisclassisoftenlively.（十二）the+adj表示一類人,是復(fù)數(shù)Therichshouldhelpthepoor.theblind/wounded/young/old（十三）多個(gè)形容詞作定語時(shí)的位置:排列順序大致為:all/quite/such/rather限定詞（包括冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞等）+描繪形容詞（短詞在前,長詞在后）+特征形

18、容詞（包括大小、形狀、新舊、年齡等）+顏色形容詞+類屬形容詞（包括專有形容詞和材料質(zhì)地形容詞）+名詞性定語（包括動(dòng)名詞）+名詞。Itissuchacharminglittleshortoldroundyellow如：冠抽大高老形色Frenchoakwritingtable.國.材用為方便背誦,特簡化成9字訣:抽大高,老形色,國材用抽：即抽象性質(zhì)如beautiful，wonderful，terrible之類較空泛的詞。大：big，little，small高：tall，high，short，low老：old，new，young形：square，round等色：white，black，brown，r

19、ed，gray，green，blue等國：出產(chǎn)地方，往往是國家的形容詞。漢語總是把產(chǎn)地排前,其它置后：中國美酒材：wooden，plastic，brick，silk，wool等材料，很多是名詞用：物品的用途writing，fishing，walking，swimming用來寫字的，釣魚的，走路的，游泳的，往往是動(dòng)名詞。1. Shehasa_jacket(leather，brown，beautiful)2. Hehasa_car.(long，red,American)3. Theyliveina_house.(old，beautiful)4. Wehavea_table.(antique,sma

20、ll，wooden)5. Hehasa_jumper.(lovely,red,woollen)6. Shehasa_ring.(fabulous,new,diamond)8. Itwasa_song(French，old,lovely)9. Heownsa_dog.(black，horrible，big)10. Sheboughta_scarf.(gorgeous,pink,silk，)11. Isawa_film.(fantastic,new,British)Answer:1. beautifulbrownleatherjacket.2. longredAmericancar.3. beau

21、tifuloldhouse.4. smallantiquewoodentable.5. lovelyredwoollenjumper.6. fabulousnewdiamondring.7. lovelyoldFrenchsong.8. horriblebigblackdog.9. gorgeouspinksilkscarf.10. fantasticnewBritishfilm.注：上述原則不是放之四海而皆準(zhǔn)的，要把普遍真理與特殊實(shí)際結(jié)合起來。一般說來，“抽色，國，材，用”的位置是較確定的，“大，高，老，形”則不太確定，它們有時(shí)歸類于“抽象”的一大類，在抽象的大詞類中按短詞在前，長詞在后的原

22、則甚至按照讀音舒服順口原則排列。例：atallintelligentyoungChineseofficer一個(gè)聰慧的個(gè)子很高的年輕的中國軍官【模擬試題】(答題時(shí)間：50分鐘)(一)1. Thisboxis_thatone.A.heavythanB.soheavythanC.heavierasD.asheavyas2. Whenwespeaktopeople,weshouldbeA.aspoliteaspossibleB.aspoliteaspossiblyC.aspolitelyaspossibleD.aspolitelyaspossibly3. Thisbookisthatone,butth

23、anthatone.A. asdifficultas;expensiveB. asmoredifficultas;moreexpensiveC. asdifficultas;moreexpensiveD. moredifficultas;asexpensive4. Ithinkthestoryisnotso_asthatone.A.interestingB.interestedC.moreinterestingD.mostinteresting5. Hisfatherbegantoworkhewassevenyearsold.A.asoldasB.asearlyasC.sinceD.while

24、（二）1. Ithinkscienceis_thanJapanese.A.muchimportantB.importantC.muchmoreimportantD.moremuchimportant2.Thispencilis_thanthatone.A.longestB.longC.longerD.aslong3. Mymotherisno_young.A.shorterB.longerC.littleD.few4. Thesechildrenarethisyearthantheywerelastyear.A.moretallB.moretallerC.verytallerD.muchtal

25、ler5. Itwasveryhotyesterday,butitis_today.A.evenhotterB.morehotterC.muchmorehotD.muchhot6. MrsBlackhasgotinsteadofgettinganybetter.A.morebadB.alittleworseC.muchbadlyD.alotofworse1. Whenwearrived,wefoundthemeetingroomcrowdedwith_students.A.quiteafewB.onlyafewC.fewD.afewquite2. Thehouseissmallforafami

26、lyofsix.A.muchtooB.toomuchC.verymuchD.so3. Throughthewindowwecanseenothingbutbuildings.A.tallverymanyB.verymanytallC.verytallmanyD.manyverytall4. Whatsyourbrotherlike?Heis.A.adriverB.verytallC.myfriendD.atschool5. Thejacketwasso_thathedecidedtobuyit.A.muchB.littleC.expensiveD.cheap6. Ourclassroomisl

27、argerthantheirs.A.moreB.quiteC.veryD.much（四）1. Theearthisaboutasthemoon.A.asfiftytimebigB.fiftytimesasbigC.asbigfiftytimesD.fiftyastimesbig2. Yourroomismine.A.twiceaslargethanB.twicethesizeofC.biggertwicethanD.astwicelargeas3. Yourroomisthanmine.A.threetimebigB.threetimesbigC.threetimesbiggerD.bigge

28、rthreetimes4. Hisfatheristhanhismother.A. olderfouryearsC.fouryearsolderB. asfouryearsolderD.biggerfouryears（五）1. MathsismorepopularthanA.anyothersubjectB.allthesubjectsC.anysubjectD.othersubject2. ChinaislargerthaninAfrica.A.anyothercountryB.othercountriesC.theothercountryD.anycountry3. Tomisstrong

29、erthan_inhisclass.A.anyotherboyB.anyboysC.anyboyD.otherboy（六）1. Whenspringcomes,itgetsA.warmandwarmB.colderandcolderC.warmerandwarmerD.shorterandshorter2. Byandby,studentsinourclasscametolikeEnglish.A.moreandmoreB.muchandmuchC.manyandmanyD.lessandleast3. Atlasthebegantocry_.A.hardandhardB.morehardan

30、dmorehardC.harderandharderD.lesshardandlessharder4. WhenspringcomesthedaysgetandnightsD.shorter;longerA.short;longB.long;shortC.longer;shorter（七）1. _Ilookatthepicture,Ilikeit.A.Thebest;themoreB.Themore;thelessC.Themore;lessD.More;themore2. _hereadthebook,hegotinit.A.Themore;themoreinterestingB.Thele

31、ss;themoreinterestingC.Themore;themoreinterestedD.More;moreinterested3. _youcomeback,itwillbe.A. Thequicker;thebestC.Faster;thebetterB. Thesooner;thebetterD.Thesooner;better（八）1. Ilike_oneofthetwobooks.A.theolderB.oldestC.theoldestD.older2. Whichis_country,ChinaorJapan?A.thelargeB.thelargerC.largerD

32、.largest3. 3Ofthetwocups,heboughtA.thesmallerB.thesmallestC.small（九）1. Whichdoyoulike_,teaorcoffee?A.wellB.betterC.bestD.mostD.smaller2. Thisworkisformethanforyou.A.difficultB.mostdifficultC.muchdifficultD.moredifficult3. Whichdoyouthinktastes,thechickenorthefish?A.goodB.betterC.bestD.well4. TheGrea

33、tPyramidisabout137metreshightoday,butitwasonceA.higherB.highestC.hightooD.morehigh5. Dontyouthinkitnottowritetheletter?A.wellB.betterC.bestD.good1. Whojumpedofall?A.farB.fartherC.farthestD.themostfar2. LiLeiis_studentinourclass.A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallest3. Thefifthorangeisofall.Giveittothat

34、smallchild.A.bigB.biggerC.thebiggerD.thebiggest4. Whoisofyouthree?A.theoldestB.mucholderC.oldestD.older1. Tomisoneofboysinourclass.A.tallestB.tallerC.thetallestB.thetall2. Englishisoneofspokenintheworld.A.theimportantlanguagesC.mostimportantlanguage3. BeijingisoneofinChina.A. thelargestcityC.thelarg

35、ercitiesB. themostimportantlanguagesD.themostimportantlanguageB.thelargecitiesD.thelargestcities（十二）1. Mostofthewoodsbeentakengoodcareof.A.areB.isC.hasD.have2. _likeplayingfootballandwatchingTV.A.MostboysB.MostoftheyC.Mostboy3. _areherewateringtheflowershere.A.SomeB.SomeoftheboysC.Someboy4. _haventb

36、eentoAmerican.A.MostthemB.MosttheyC.MoreoftheyD.MoreoftheyD.SomeofboysD.Mostofthem（十三）1. _ismorebeautifulthanroses.A.NootherflowerB.NoanotherflowerC.NototherflowerD.Notallflowers2. Thetreeis_inthegarden.A.thetallerB.thetallestC.tallerthanofallD.tall3. Marystudiesharderinherclass.A.asanyoneB.thananyo

37、thergirlC.thantheotherD.thananyone（十四）1. Whichis_,LiLeiorWuTong?A.strongB.strongestC.strongerD.thestrongest2. Whichlanguageis,English,FrenchorJapanese?A.easyB.themosteasyC.theeasiestoD.muchmoreeasy3. Whichisinteresting,science,mathsorEnglish?A.moreB.themostC.veryD.too4. Whichcityis,Beijing,Shanghaio

38、rFuzhou?A.beautifulB.morebeautifulC.muchmorebeautifulD.themostbeautiful5. Whichmonthis,June,JulyorAugust?A.hotB.hotterC.hottestD.thehottest（十五）1. Doyouhavetotellus?D.newanythingA.somethingnewB.newsomethingC.anythingnew2. Mike,Ihavetotellyou.A.importantsomethingB.importantanythingC.somethingimportant

39、,D.anythingimportant3. Thereis_intodaysnrewspapeA.interestingsomethingB.nothinginterestingC.interestinganythingD.anythinginteresting4. IsMrs.Brownbadlyill?No,Onlyalittlecold.A.quitewellB.nothingserious5. Comehere,Ihavetotellyou.A.interestingsomethingC.nothinginteresting1.Imnot_tolifttheheavybox.C.no

40、tworryD.anythingseriousB.anythinginterestingD.somethinginteresting（十六）A.enoughB.too3.Hehastothinkitover.A.manytimeB.timesA.shortenoughB.enoughtallC.healthenoughD.strongenough2.Thegirlworkshard_topasstheexam.C.stillD.yetC.timeenoughD.enoughtime（十七）1. Dowant?A.elseanythingB.anythingelseC.otheranythingD.elsesomething2.Haveyouseen_intheroom?A.anyoneelseB.elseanyoneC.anyoneotherD.everyone