中考動詞語法

1、中考動詞語法-、實義動詞（一）及物動詞動詞結(jié)構示例1、動詞+賓語Openthewindow2、動詞+賓語+賓語補足語（注意：帶省略to不定式或分詞白動詞有：make,let,have,watch,notice,hear）CallhimBill;seeTomplay3、動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語（帶有雙賓語的動詞有：give;bring;buy;get;leave;lend;make;offer；pass；teach；tell；write；read；return）Askyouaquestion;passmethebook（二）不及物動詞動詞結(jié)構示例1、即可以作及物也可作不及物WestudyEngl

2、ish./Westudywell.2、動詞+介詞（注意：名詞或代詞只能放在其后）Lookatthesky.Listentome3、動詞+副詞（注息：代中名后）Pickitup4、動詞+副詞+介詞（注意：賓語只能放在介詞后）Getalongwellwithhisclassmates5、動詞+名詞+介詞Takeprideinsth;payattentiontothewords6、be+adj.+介詞Beproudof;besatisfiedwith、系動詞（系動詞+形容詞；沒有被動語態(tài)也不用進行時態(tài)）系動詞例詞Be動詞(Is;am;are;was;were;)Heisateacher.感官動詞(l

3、ook;feel;smell；sound；taste)Shelooktired.表小變、變成(become;get;grow;turn;go)Hisfaceturnswhite.三、助動詞助動詞用法Be：am;is;are;was;were;been;beingBe+現(xiàn)在分詞，構成被動語態(tài)Have：has;have;had;havingHave/has+過去分詞，構成完成時態(tài)Shall(should)、will(would)Will/shall+動詞原型構成將來時態(tài)Do：do;does;did用來構成疑問句，否定句；倒裝句，加強語氣Do/does+主語+動詞原型，構成一般現(xiàn)在時疑問句Did+主

4、語+動詞原形，構成一般過去式疑問句四、情態(tài)動詞（一）情態(tài)動詞的類型1、只作情態(tài)動詞的有：must;can;could;may;might2、可作情態(tài)動詞也可以作實意動詞的有：need;dare3、可作情態(tài)動詞也可以作助動詞的有：will;would;shall;should4、半情態(tài)動詞的有：haveto;oughtto;hadbetter（二）情態(tài)動詞的特征1、有詞義但是不能獨立使用作謂語，必須和動詞連用2、沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，haveto除外3、情態(tài)動詞后面加動詞原型4、有助動詞作用，構成否定句；疑問句以及簡單句回答（三）情態(tài)動詞的具體用法1、情態(tài)動詞的基本用法情態(tài)動詞含義及用法示例can

5、1、表示能力，意為“能；會”SamcanspeakEnglishwell.2、表示請求、允許，意為“可以”CanIborrowyourbike?3、表7K可能；能夠Icanfinishitinanhour.Can't1、意為不會，不能Ican'tgiveyouananswernow.could1、can的過去式，忌為能；會表小過去的能力，反義詞couldntJimcouldplaythepianowellwhenhewasyoung.2、在疑問句當中表示委婉的請求CouldIhaveacupoftea?may1、表示請求、許可，意為“可以”Youcansithereifyouw

6、ant.2、表示推測，意為“可能，或許”（談論可能性，一般用于肯定句）ImaygotothemarketnextMonday.3、表小祝愿Mayyousucceed!might1、may的過去式Heaskedifhemightgohome.2、表小清求、許口，語氣要比may委婉MightIsmokehere?3、表示推測，可能性比may小must1、表小主觀看法必須；應當；一定（注意：回答must提問的疑問句時，肯定回答用must;否7E回答用needn't或者don'thaveto）Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst!Mustn't1、意為“

7、一定不要，禁止做某事"Youmustn'tplayfootballontheroad.Haveto1、意為“不得不”多表示客觀的要求Ihavetogotoworkeveryday.Don'thaveto意為“不需要”回答must提問的問句-mustwefinishthetasknow?-No,youdon'thaveto.need1、情態(tài)動詞意為“需要”，主要附十否定句和疑問句當中Youneedn'tsaysorrytohim.2、實意動詞有人稱和數(shù)、時態(tài)的變化，后加todoIneedtodoitrightnow.Needn't意為“不需要&q

8、uot;，回答must提問的問句MustIpayforthebookinadvance?No,youneedn't.Will1、表示意愿打算，否定形式為wont,過去式would表小委婉語氣，否te形式為wouldnt-Writetomewhenyougethome.-Iwill2、表示詢問、請求，用于疑問句，常用于第二人稱Willyoupassmethebook?shall1、表示請求或者征求對方意見，多用于第一、三人稱，構成疑問句Shallwegooutforawalk?2、表示決心、警告、命令，多用于第二人稱Youshallnotbringyourmobilephonestoth

9、eclassroomintheexam.Should/oughtto1、息為應該，表小要求和叩令，也可以表示勸告和建議，否定形式為shouldntWeshould/oughttokeeptheairfresh.2、表示征求意見，常用于疑問句Whenshouldwehaveameeting?Hadbetterdo1、意為“最好做某事”Youhadbetterhavebreakfast,oryouwillnotfocusonyourdesk.2、youdbetterdo反思為hadntyou3、youdbetternotdo反意為hadyouHaveto1、haveto反思為dont+主語2、do

10、nthaveto反意力do+主語2、情態(tài)動詞表示推測Can't表示否定推測，語氣強烈，意為,不可能”，可能性幾乎為0MissGaocan'tbeintheclassroom.Ijustsawherinthesupermarket.could表示推測，表示“有可能，也許”（20%-80%的可能性），語氣緩和，較委婉TheFrenchbookcouldbeAlice's.shestudiesFrench.must表示推測，意為,肯定”，表示非常有把握的肯定推測，100%的可能性Theymustbeverytiredafteralongwalk.may意為“有可能，也許”，用

11、于肯定句，表示把握不大的推測Yoursistermaybewaitingforyou.Maynot表示否定推測，語氣不確定，意為“可能不”Itmaynotbemypen.might表示推測，意為“有可能，也許”，可能性低于may,語氣緩和，較委婉Shemighthavegonetothelibrary。Shelikesreadingbooksintheafternoon.一、英語閱讀理解專項練習試卷1.閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。WhenJanandBrianDutchermovedtoSanDiegoforBrian'sn

12、ewbasketballcoachingjobattheuniversity,theneighbourssmiledandintroducedthemselves.Buttherewereno"bringaplate"invitations,norecipe（食譜）sharingandnocarpoolingforherdaughtersLiza,12,andErin,15."Thefamiliesreallydidn'tknoweachother,andwemissedthat."saysJan."Wehavemovedalotand

13、arefarfromrelatives.Neighboursareourfamily."SoJandecidedtorepeataprojectshehaddoneforLiza'sfifth-gradeclass:askeachpersontopainthisorherfaceonabigcanvas(帆布).ThefinishedpiecewouldbecometheDutchers'newfamilypicture.First,Janpaintedagrid(網(wǎng)格)onthecanvasandputitLiponaboardinthegarage(車庫),nex

14、ttoatableofpaints.Thenwhenevershewashome,the"artroom"doorwasup,withanopeninvitationforneighbourstopaintasquare.Thefirsttostopinwerekidsridingbyontheirbikes."Theythoughtitwascool,"saysJan,buttheadultsweren'tsointerestedinit."Mostsaidtheyhadn'tpickedupapaintbrushsincep

15、rimaryschool,"shesays."Theywereafraidthey'dmessitup.Butaswordslowlyspread,theycame,someusingtheirdriver'slicencephotosasmodels.Thensomethingstartedtohappen.Theycameback-toseewhohadpainted,oriftheycouldfindoutwhowaswho.WhileinJan'sgarage,theybegantochataboutnews,schools,jobsandf

16、amilies.Almostdaily.WendySchucholz,wholivedacrossthestreetandwasfightingaseriousillness,cameinherwheelchairtowatchthefun.Neighboursbegantooffertheirsupport.WhentheworsthappenedandWendydied,theystoodbyherhusband,Bill,andinvitedhimoverfordinners.Thisyearhasbeendifferentintheneighbourhood.Familiestaket

17、urnshostinghappyhours.Theysharebirthdaysandswiminoneanother'spools."We'rewatchingovereachothernow,"saysJan."Justlikeinthepainting."(1) WhentheDutcherfamilylivedinSanDiego,theyfeltabitatthebeginning.A.excitedB.sadC.interestedD.worried(2) WheredidJanstartherartproject?A.Att

18、hesquare.B.IntheStreet.fC.Attheuniversity.fD.Inthegarage.(3) BytellingthestoryofWendy,thewriterwantstoshowthatA.BillmademanynewfriendsB.WendywasseriouslysickC.theprojectbroughtsomethinggoodD.paintingwasawayofsupporting(4)Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.NewPlace.BrighteterFacesBArtRoomorGarageC.

19、PaintingFaces,HappyHours"D.NeighboursandFamilies【答案】(1)BD(3)C(4)A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。作者講述了一個Jan和BrianDutcher因為工作原因搬到了一個離親戚朋友遙遠的城市。起初鄰居們只是相互介紹了彼此，但并不了解彼此，這讓Jan十分傷感很想念以前的生活，她覺得鄰居就是家人。于是她想出了一個在她女兒五年級班上曾經(jīng)用過的方法：她準備了一張很大的帆布，掛在自家車庫旁，邀請周圍的鄰居把自己的臉畫在上面。起初是小孩子去，但大人們并不感興趣。后來人漸漸多了起來，在畫畫間，他們相互聊天，聊新聞，聊周圍發(fā)生的事，逐漸熟

20、悉親密起來，鄰居間變的越來越像家人，一起吃飯，一起開派對。Jan說，我們現(xiàn)在正看著彼此，就像畫上的一樣。(1)B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Jan所說的："Thefamiliesreallydidn'tknoweachother,andwemissedthat."saysJan."Wehavemovedalotandarefarfromrelatives.Neighboursareourfamily."可知起初，Jan是十分傷感的，故選B。(2) D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句："FirstJanpaintedagrid(網(wǎng)格)ontheca

21、nvasandputitLiponaboardinthegarage(車庫)，nexttoatableofpaints.可知畫畫的計劃是從車庫里的開始的，故選D。(3) C歸納理解題。根據(jù)通讀全文可知，作者記敘的是這樣一個畫畫的計劃為鄰里之間拉近關系做出了很大的貢獻，故選Co(4) A歸納總結(jié)題。根據(jù)通讀全文可知，作者講述的是在一個新的城市，Jan利用畫畫的計劃讓鄰里之間像家人一樣親密，每個人都很開心。故選A?！军c評】考查記敘文閱讀，閱讀時首先要理清線索，做題時，首句和小標題重點讀，充分體會文章結(jié)構，靈活使用技巧(例子與例子的關系，例子與中心句的關系，平行關系等)，注意邏輯對應，指代清晰。2.

22、閱讀理解Thisafternoon,whenIwaslookingforaself-improvement（自我修養(yǎng)）book,Ifoundanagedfolder（文件夾）.Inthisfolder,thereweresomeoftheexaminationpapersI'dtakenduringmypre-universitydays.Theywereoneconomics（經(jīng)濟學）,asubjectthatIdidn'treallylikemuchthen.IlaughedatthesillymistakesImadeasIlookedthroughthepapers.A

23、ndmemoriesofthepastcametomymind.Isawmyselfsittingatoneofthestudytables,workinghardforsomeofmylifegoals.Backthen,itwaspopularformoststudentstosetlifegoals,becausetheythoughtitwasmostimportant.ItwasduringthosetimesthatIfirststartedtosetgoalsformyself.Ididn'tknowmuchaboutgoalsettingthen.Ididn't

24、useanygoaltracking（跟蹤）tools,either.AllIknewwasthatIhadtogotouniversity.TherewasnootherwaythatIcouldgivemyself.Togothroughmylecture（演講）notes,Ididn'ttakebreaks.Formorerevisionwithmyclassmates,Istayedbacklate.Onetime,Imissedtheschoollock-outhoursandIhadtoclimbschoolgatesinordertoleave.Itwasperhapst

25、hisattitude（態(tài)度）thatignitedmydecisiontogothroughwhatIhadtodotogetthisfar.Yes,itmayhavebeenhard.ButthesweettasteofvictoryexperiencedatthepointofreceivingmyfinalresultswassowonderfulthatIwouldneverforgetitfortherestofmylife.Iclosedthefolderanddroppeditintothedustbin（垃圾箱）intheroom.It'stimetogetkicki

26、ngwithmynextgoal.Andbywritingthis,IknowI'mgettingcloser.11） Whentheauthor（作者）lookedthroughthepapersinthefolder,he.（1） lookedforaself-improvementbookB.laughedatthesillymistakeshemadeC.droppeditintothedustbinrightawayD.satatthetableandsetlifegoalsagain（2） Whentheauthorfirststartedtogetgoalsforhims

27、elf,he.A.didn'tneedtoenteruniversityB.didn'tuseanygoaltrackingtoolsC.wassurethathewouldwinthevictoryD.learnedalotfromaself-improvementbook（3） Whydidtheauthorstaybacklateafterschool?A.Tobepreparedtoenteruniversity.B.Tolearnmoreaboutgoalsetting.C.Tomakehisteacherpayattentiontohim.D.Togetthecha

28、nceofclimbingschoolgates.（4） Theunderlinedword“ignited"meansinthepassage.A.reduced（減少）B.balanced仔衡）C.questionedD.raisedWhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthelastparagraph?A.Heregularly（規(guī)律地）tidieshisroom.川B.He'snotquitegoodatgoalsettingC.Heisreadyforthenextgoal.D.Hehatedthosepapersinthefolder.【

29、答案】（1）BB（3） A（4） DC【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者通過與讀者分享自己的高中生活的回憶，告訴我們?nèi)松怯梢粋€一個的目標組成的，我們要盡全力朝著自己確定的目標前進。11）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"IlaughedatthesillymistakesImadeasIlookedthroughthepapers.可矢叱故選B。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"ItwasduringthosetimesthatIfirststartedtosetgoalsformyself.Ididn'tknowmuchaboutgoalsettingthen

30、.Ididn'tuseanygoaltracking（跟蹤）tools,either可知。故選B。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"AllIknewwasthatIhadtogotouniversity.TherewasnootherwaythatIcouldgivemyself.可知，作者放學后很晚回家的目的是努力學習，考入大學。故選Ao(4)考查詞義猜硬U。"Itwasperhapsthisattitude(態(tài)度)thatignitedmydecisiontogothroughwhatIhadtodotogetthisfar.或許是這種態(tài)度是我下決心做出現(xiàn)在的

31、成就。所給選項中D項與該詞詞義相近。故選Do(5)考查判斷推理。根據(jù)最后一段中的"It'stimetogetkickingwithmynextgoal.Andbywritingthis,IknowI'mgettingcloser可知，作者已經(jīng)'為下一個目標做好了準備。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析、推理，從而選出正確答案。3.閱讀下列短文，從下面每小題的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。DJackievisitedhisgrandparentsontheir

32、farm.Andhewasplayingwithaslingshot(彈弓)inthewoods.HepractisedintheWOODSbuthecouldneverhitthetarget.Ashewaswalkingback,hesawGrandma'spetduck.Withoutthinking,heshot,hittheduckinthehead.andkilledit.Hewasveryafraid.HeknewGrandmalovedtheduck.Shewouldbesadorevenangryifsheknewthatherduckwaskilled.Hethen

33、hidthedeadduckunderatree.HissisterSusansawitall.butshesaidnothing.AfterlunchthatdayGrandmasaid,“Susanlet'swashthedishes."ButSusansaid,“GrandmiaJackietoldmehewantedtohelpinthekitchentoday,didn'tyou,Jackie?Andthenshewhispered(小聲說)tohim,“Remembertheduck?”SoJackiedidthedishesLaterGrandpaask

34、edifthechildrenwantedtogofishing,butGrandmasaid,"I'msorrybutIneedSusantohelpcleanthehouse."ButSusansmiledandsaid“WeJlthat'sallrightbecauseJackietoldmehewantedtohelp.'Andshewhisperedagain,“Remembertheduck?”SoSusanwentfishingwithGrandpaandJackiestayed.These“remembertheduck"w

35、entonformanydThenfinallyJackiecouldn'tstanditanylonger.HecametoGrandmaandtoldherthathehadkilledtheduck.Shegavehimahug,andsaid,“SweetheairtIknow.Yousee,IwasstandingatthewindowandIsawthewholething.ButbecauseIloveyou,Iforgaveyou.ButIjustwantedtoseehowlongyouwouldletSusanmakeaslaveofyou.”11)WhatdidJ

36、ackiehitwiththeslingshotatlast?A.Thetarget.rB.Arabbit.C.Thepetduck.D.Apetdog.(2) Susandidn'ttellGrandmaaboutJackie'ssecretbecause.A.shewantedJackietodosomethingforherB.shewasafraidGrandmawouldbeverysadC.shedidn'twanttomakeGrandmaangryD.shelovedherbrotherverymuch(3) Jackiehelpedcleantheho

37、useinsteadofgoingfishingwithGrandpabecauseA.helikedcleaningthehouseB.GrandmaaskedhimtoC.hedidn'tlikegoingfishingD.hewantedSusantokeephissecret(4) Whatlessondoesthestorywanttotellus?A. It'sdangeroustoplaywithaslingshotonafarm.B. It'simpossibletoletgirlskeepsecretsforyou.C. Itmakesyoufeelb

38、ettertotellthantohide.D. It'sdangeroustoletothersseewhatyou'vedone.【答案】(1)CA(3) D(4) C【解析】【分析】本文敘述了約翰尼由于自己的沖動把祖母的寵物鴨子射死了，他把鴨子藏在了柴堆里，可這一切都被妹妹薩利看在了眼里，妹妹就利用她知道的秘密該她干的活就都推給約翰尼去做，這樣過了幾天之后，約翰尼再也受不了，于是就向祖母承認了錯誤，祖母其實早就知道了這一切，她原諒了他，最后短文指出無論承認錯誤有多難，我們也要這樣做，這樣有助于我們成長。(1)細節(jié)理解題。從hesawGrandma'spetduck

39、.Withoutthinking,heshot,hittheduckinthehead.andkilledit,可知他射中了鴨子，故選C。(2)細節(jié)理解題。從"Susanlet'swashthedishes."ButSusansaidaGrandmaJackietoldmehewantedtohelpinthekitchentoday,didn'tyou,Jackie?Andthenshewhispered(小聲說)tohim,“Remembertheduck?”SoJackiedidthedishes口Susan不告訴奶奶Jackie的秘密是為了威脅他讓他

40、為她做事，故選Ao(3)細節(jié)理解題。從Andshewhisperedagain,“Remembertheduck?”SoSusanwentfishingwithGrandpaandJackiestayed.可知他想要Susan保密，故選D。(4)主旨概括題。從最后一段可知坦白比隱藏要好得多，故選Co【點評】答題中注意帶著問題閱讀短文，一般就能順利找出答題依據(jù)。對于不能直接找到根據(jù)的問題注意聯(lián)系上下文，根據(jù)短文中心總結(jié)出正確答案。4.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容出選擇正確答案。BDoyouwanttoliveahappier,lessstressfullife?Trylaughingfornoreasonata

41、ll.That'showthousandsofpeoplestarttheirdayatLaughter(笑聲)Clubsaroundtheworldandmanydoctorsnowthinkthathavingagoodlaughmightbeoneofthebestwaystostayhealthy.ThefirstLaughterClubwasstartedinMumbai,India,in1995byDr.MadanKataria."Youngchildrenlaughabout300timesaday.Adultslaughbetween7and15timesad

42、ay,"saysDr.Kataria."Everyoneisnaturallygoodatlaughing-it'stheuniversallanguage.Wewantpeopletofeelhappywiththeirlives."Therearenowmorethan500LaughterClubsinIndiaandoverl,300intheworld.Manydoctorsarealsointerestedintheeffects(效果)oflaughteronourhealth.Accordingtoa5-yearstudyattheUCLA

43、SchoolofMedicineinCalifornia,withlaughingthereislessstressinthebody.Laughterimprovesourhealthagainstillnessbyabout40%.SowhathappensataLaughterClub?IwentalongtomynearestclubinSouthLondontofindout.Iwasquitenervousatthebeginningoftheclass,tobehonest,Iwasn'tinterestedinlaughingwithagroupofstrangers,

44、andIwasworriedaboutlookingstupid.Ourlaughterteachertoldustoclapourhandsandsay“hohoho,hahaha."whilelookingateachother.However,ourbodiescan'ttellthedifferencebetweenreallaughterandunreallaughter,sotheystillproducethesamehealthyeffects.Surprisingly,itworked!Aftertenminuteseverybodyintheroomwas

45、laughingforrealandsomepeoplejustcouldn'tstop!AttheendoftheclassIwassurprisedbyhowrelaxed-andcomfortableIfelt.Soifyou'reunderstress,thenstartlaughing.Youmightbeverypleasedwiththeresults!(1) ThefirstLaughterClubwasstartedin.A.IndiaB.AmericaC.BritainD.China(2) HowmanyLaughterClubsarethereinthew

46、orldtoday?A.Over300.B.Over500.C.Over800.D.Overl,300.(3) Howdidthewriterfeelatthebeginningoftheclass?A.Surprised.B.PleasedC.Nervous.D.Tired.(4) Whendidthepeopleintheclubbegintolaughforreal?A.Aftertenminutes.B.Aftertenhours.C.Aftertenseconds.D.Aftertendays.(5) Thearticlemainlytellsus.A. youngchildrenl

47、aughmuchmoreoftenthanadultsinadayB. laughingisoneofthebestwaystostayhealthyC. many-doctorsarealsointerestedintheeffectsoflaughteronourhealthD. reallaughterandunreallaughterarebothgoodforhealth【答案】(1)AD(3) C(4) AB【解析】【分析】你想過一個快樂的，沒有壓力的生活？嘗試毫無理由的大笑？全世界每天有成千上萬的人在笑聲俱樂部開始他們的一天。醫(yī)生認為開懷大笑是最好的保健方式。(1)細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)

48、第二段ThefirstLaughterClubwasstartedinMumbai,India,in1995byDr.MadanKataria.可知在印度，故選A。(2)細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段Therearenowmorethan500LaughterClubsinIndiaandoverl,300intheworld.可知選D。(3)細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段Iwasquitenervousatthebeginningoftheclass可知作者開始緊張。故選C。(4)細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后段Surprisingly,itworked!Aftertenminuteseverybodyintheroomw

49、aslaughingforrealandsomepeoplejustcouldn'tstop!可知10分鐘后房間里的人者B是在真笑。故選Ao(5)主旨大意。本文講笑聲俱樂部給人們的生活帶來的變化，通過大笑來減少壓力，過更快樂更健康的生活。故選Bo【點評】閱讀理解考查對篇章的把握和對細節(jié)的識別能力，答題時注意緊扣問題中的關鍵詞，在文章中尋找答案。(5) 讀理解ShirleyTemple,theonce-famouschildfilmstar,diedattheageof85onFebruary10,2014.ShewasbornonApril23,1928.Shewasgoodatact

50、inganddancing.In1934,sheacted(主演)inthefilmBrightEyes.Fromthenonshebecamefamousaroundtheworld.LatershestarredinotherfilmsandwonaJuvenileOscarinFebruary,1935.FormanyAmericansborninthe1930sand1940s,Templewasnotjustanon-screenstarbutalsoaclosefriendintheirchildhood.Shewasrememberedbytheworldastheforever

51、"littleangel"!AnAmericanfilmstarsaid,"LittleShirleyTempleencouragedthewholecountryduringtheGreatDepression(大蕭條)."ShiLiandCuiJipingarehusbandandwife.Theyaredisabled.TheycompletedthefirstChineseencyclopedic(百科知識的)dictionaryfordeafpeopleandpeoplewithhearingproblems.Thedictionaryincludeswordsonmedicine,educ