形容詞、副詞的用法

1、學習好資料歡迎下載形容詞、副詞的用法（一）知識概史形容詞的用法很活躍，在英語中用處也很多，但英語中修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名 詞的修飾語和詞組有時不同，要特別加以注意。下面將初中學習階段中遇到的修 飾可數(shù)名詞的詞和詞組歸納如下：man y, no, several, some, a few, a lot, lots, pie nty,pienty of, a lot of, a large number of, enough。而修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞或詞組如下： much, no, some, a lot, a great deal, lots, plenty, a lot of, plenty of

2、 幾屮 some, no, a lot of, ple nty of冇原級、比較級、最商級之分，其規(guī)則如卜構(gòu)詞法原級比較級最高級加er，或est Tallyoung talleryoungertallestyoun gest只力卩r或st nicelargen icerlargernicestlargest重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個輔音字母時雙寫該字母加er、est bigfathotbigger fatter hotterbiggestfattest hottest不規(guī)則變化的形容詞或剛同: 原級比較級最高級 good better bestWell better best bad worse

3、worst badly worse worst many more most most more most little less lest far farther furtherfarthest furthest old older elderoldest eldest要注意的是許多形容詞同時又是副詞，如：back, all, alo ne, either, far, high, slow等。血冇些形容詞經(jīng)過一定變化才能轉(zhuǎn)為副詞,其規(guī)律如下:構(gòu)詞法形容詞副詞一般加 ly Carefulkindcarefullykin dly尾是y時將y變成i加ly HappybusyeasyHappilyb

4、usilyeasily其他trueterriblefullpossibleshywholetrulyterribly fullypossiblyshylywholly在學習過程屮耍注彥英變化:此外并不是所有副詞都可以修飾比較級和最高級形容詞。能修飾比較級的有：much, yet, far, still, a great deal, even和 a little. 能修飾最高級的有：the very, much the, far -（二）I 羽筋誤 The young likes play ing football very much.正 The young like play ing foot

5、ball very much.析定冠詞加形容詞表示一類人，應作復數(shù)看待。而定冠詞加形容詞表示抽象事物時則要看作單數(shù)，如：The beautiful is not always kindn ess美麗并不總代表 善佻誤 The dan ger has gone, so the worst are over.正 The dan ger has gone, so the worst is over.析 意為："危險已經(jīng)過去，最困難的狀況已結(jié)束。"用定冠詞加最高級形容 詞作卞詛時應看作單數(shù)形式。誤 It is the gold age of the young.正 It is th

6、e golden age of the young.析golden在英語中多用于比喻，女口： golden hair金發(fā)，gulden voice金嗓子。 而gold多用于表達金質(zhì)的，女口： a gold bar金條，a gold coin金幣，但gold fish金 魚例外。誤She is a warm heart woma n.正She is a warm hearted woma n.析英語形容詞的構(gòu)詞法很多，其中之一是由形容詞，或數(shù)詞，加名詞加ed構(gòu)成,如；warm hoarted 熱心腸的，white haired門芒【勺誤 There is an alive fish in the

7、 pool.正 There is a living fish in the pool.析在初中范圍內(nèi)所學到的以a字母開頭的形容詞一般不能作定語，只能作 表語。如：The fish is alive.（魚還活著）這樣的形容詞有：alive, alike, alone, asleep, afraid, awake 爼誤 The ill man n early died.正 The sick man n early died.析ill 一般不作定語來形容某人有病，而要用sick,但作表語時則都可以。如：He is ill sick, ill作定語時則另有他意，女如： ill luck （厄運），il

8、l nature（天性惡劣）,ill temper（心緒不好）誤 I have important something to tell you.正 I have something important to tell you.析 不定代詞something, anyone, somebody在用形容詞修飾時，形容詞應 放其后。但要注意thing則不是不定代詞，不符合上述規(guī)律。女口： I have an important thing to tell you.誤ril be free on n ext Sun day.正ril be free n ext Sun day.析 在表達將來時的時候：

9、next Sunday, next week, next year或 last Sunday last week, last year 訂部*丿川介:誤 The girl is two year old.正 The girl is two years old.正 She is a two year old girl析由連字符連接若干名詞、數(shù)詞組成的形容詞，在學習時要記住兩點， 其一是這些詞中的名詞都不要用復數(shù)形式，女口： twothousa ndword report（兩千字的報告）；其二是這樣構(gòu)成的形容詞只能作定語，即用于名詞之前，而不能 作表詛:.誤 The foreigners like

10、 those little beautiful Chinese paintings.正 The foreig ners like those beautiful little Chin ese pain tin gs.析在名網(wǎng)制若冇兒個形公詞件修飾誥也乂版用虻卜"1.指示代詞，定冠詞2.數(shù)量詞3.性質(zhì)詞4.火小 5.形狀6.老少，新舊7. 顏色8.但要注愚的是頁詛的習慣是一個名詞前的形粹詞一般不要多二個。如： What a pretty little white horse!Those first few short En glish stories were not difficu

11、lt to un dersta nd.誤 The best way to learn English good is to speak with Englishman every day.正 The best way to learn English well is to speak with Englishman every day.析good是形容詞，這里是修飾動詞 speak的，所以應用副詞 well，但well 作形容詞講時只作身體好。女口： He is well.他身體很好）。He is good.他是個好人）。誤 The childre n play on the grass n

12、appyly.正 The childre n play on the grass happily析多音節(jié)y結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~時應將y變?yōu)閕再加ly.誤 The teacher looked angry at the stude nts.正 The teacher looked an grily at the stude nts.析英語中感觀動詞后面要接形容詞，這時它是修飾主語的，如：The foodsmells good.食物聞起來很香。The teacher looked angry而此句的意思為："老師生氣地看著學生"誤 He worked with me frie

13、ndly.正 He was frien dly to me.析不是所有結(jié)尾是ly的詞都是副詞，但friendly是形容詞，這樣的詞還有 lovely, lonely, costly, lively- monthly weekly。但其中有些詞既是副詞， 又是形容 詞，如：early, hourly, mon thlylll誤 You can speak free in front of your frien ds.正 You can speak freely in front of your frie nds.析free作為形容詞意為"自由的，有空閑的，免費的"。作為副詞講

14、則是"免 費"之意。而freely作為副詞則是"自由的，隨便的仁hard努力，艱苦 hardly幾乎不late定，噸 lately最近的，最新的 near近n early兒乎 like像likely兒乎誤They must have arrived till now.正They must have arrived by now.析by now是用于表達到目前為止某一動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以應用瞬間動詞。而 till nowmusthave+遼士分同是甘過去臬沖怙所f|:的|irf定推測.誤Some one called you right now.正Some one c

15、alled you just now.析just now有兩個意思，其一是"剛才"，其二是"現(xiàn)在"，而right now只能 用于現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。just貝U用于完成時態(tài)，如： I have just finished my homework.誤My father will be back from America at prese nt.正My father will be back from America prese ntly.析presently有兩個意思：其一是最近，不久，其二在美語中是現(xiàn)在之意，與 at present 相同。而 for the

16、present 為暫時，如：I teach English in the school for the prese nt.誤ril be back at the mome nt.正ril be back in a mome nt.析at the moment其意為"現(xiàn)在，當時"，而in a moment意為"馬上過一會"，與in a minute 總思和i!丄.誤The train from Shan ghai will arrive here in time.正The train from Shanghai will arrive here on ti

17、me.析on time為"準時"，而in time有兩個含意。其一是"及時"，如: The doctorarrived in time。其二是"將來，終究"t'誤I met an old friend sometimes last mon th.正I met an old friend sometime last mon th.析Sometime過去，戍者將務見舊“Sometimes彳屮：女口： Sometimes I go to school by bus. Some time 一些時間如：I n eed sometime

18、to do my homework. Some times 幾次如：I went to Shan ghai sometimes this mon th.at times冇時,仙爾at all times 富常some other time 改天誤I had met an old frie nd three days ago.正I had met an old frie nd three days before.正 I met an old frie nd three days ago.r ago用在時間狀語中時，主句中謂語動詞一般用過去時，而before用于時間狀語時則匸勻的謂詛動詞立用芫成時

19、態(tài)。誤He studied very hard. and at the end he passed the exam.正He studied very hard, and in the end he passed the exam.析in the end = at last意為"最終，終于",表達經(jīng)過若干努力而達到的結(jié)果。而at the end是在某事的結(jié)束時如何如何，女口： At the end of class, the teacher gave us some story books1誤I will come here to help you each three d

20、ays.正I will come here to help you every three days.析 every three days為"每三天"，即每隔二天，而 every other day為每隔一 天。誤He did n't go to the cin ema yesterday. and I did n't go, too.正He did n't go to the cin ema yesterday and I did n't go either.析 英語中表示"也"，有4個字，also, as well,

21、too, either，但either用于否定 句中，而前3個用于肯定句中。在肯定句中too與as well 一般要用在句尾，而 also 則可用于句中。女 如: She we nt to the party and her boy frie nd went there too. 又 女口：rve also read her other no vels.誤 We should help the poor girl in any way.正 We should help the poor girl in any way.析any way 為"不管怎么"講，"無論如何

22、"，如：What a terrible accide nt, any way no one was hurt.any way為"任何方式"這利諒兀的借謂出發(fā)T.在以卜釣.k屮心everyday 日常的 every day 毎人faraway遙遠的 far away忑離altogether 總計 all together 一決,人恣一淞already 已經(jīng) all ready 個;Hi備好了誤 You can come to the doctor's at any time.正 You can come to the doctor's at any

23、time.析 anytime是副詞 而any time中的time是名問.誤 She said n early nothing.正 She said almost no thi ng.析nearly與almost的含意相近，在很多場合可以互換，但在否定詞前用 almost。誤 There are too much mistakes in your homework.正 There are too many mistakes in your homework.析too much 后接不可數(shù)名詞，如: There is too much water for the flowers.而 too ma

24、ny后加可數(shù)名詞，much too后面加形容詞，如：It is much too difficult to learn En glish well.誤 It is late eno ugh that we can go home now.正 It is late eno ugh for us to go home now.析要注意的是enough后面一般不接從句而接不定式，或不定式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)： for somebody to do somethi ng：誤 The twins are very alike.正 The twi ns are much alike.析用a為首字母的形容詞不能用ve

25、ry修飾，一般要用much .來修飾誤 -How long does he write to his pare nts?-Once a week.正-How ofte n does he write to his pare nts?-Once a week.析英文與中文表達法不同，隔多長時間辦一次某事，實際上問的是該事發(fā)生的頻率，所以要用how often ：誤 As soon as I arrive in New York, I'll call up you.正 As soon as I arrive in New York, I'll call you up.析當動詞詞組的

26、賓語是人稱代詞時則一定要放于動詞之后，如果是名詞則川以.取化詞沉后:I want to watch TV. Please turn on the TV.也可以講：Please turn the TV on.誤 He drove quickly his new car.正 He drove his new car quickly.析副詞在句中的位置很活，但主要有以下幾種用法：實意動詞之前，女口：He quickly give me the answer. 在 be 動詞之后，如: The little boy is often late for class. 第一助動詞之后，如：This boo

27、k has almost been finished. 在單獨使 用的 be 動詞和助動詞之前，女口： Can you help me this afternoon? I certainly can.但是無論如何也不能將別詞置尸動詞與賓誥之間，如杲是賓誥從句或是很長的 名詞詞組作賓詛則才可以這樣用:He heard clearly what the teacher said.誤 The childre n came late yesterday to the ci nema.正 The children came late to the cinema yesterday.析表示一定長度的時間的

28、副詞不應放于句中，可放于句尾。如果表示強調(diào) 則可放于句首。誤 You have few new books, have n't you?正 you have few new books, have you?析英語中的數(shù)量形容詞有兩組。修飾可數(shù)名詞的有 few（很少，幾乎沒有）， a few（有一些，幾個）；修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有l(wèi)ittle （很少，幾乎沒有），a little（有一 點，有一些）。要注意的是當few和little用于句中時應看作否定句，而 a few和 a little用于句中時則應看作是肯定句。誤 He spe nt quite little money on his

29、food.正 He spent quite a little money on his food.析quite a為一固定用法，其意為"十分，相當，所以"。quite a few= many, quite a little =much 而 only a little = little, only a few=few.誤 Do you want to have many bread?正 Do you want to have some bread?析some與any都可以用作形容詞、副詞或代詞，在一般情況下， some用 于肯定句，any用于疑問句和否定句，但在希望得到肯定答

30、復時，應用some。其 次是some |誤 Please tell me where the shoes shop is?正 Please tell me where the shoe shop is.析在用名詞作修飾詞來修飾另一名詞時，這個作修飾詞的名詞應用單數(shù)形式，如：a shoe shop 鞋店a fruit shop 水果店a book shop書丨a post office 由E局a police station 警察局a bus stop 汽車剤誤 He is weak at physics.正 He is weak in physics.析 在表達擅長于作某事時用 be good

31、 at something,而其反意詞為be bad at something， 但 be weak in something：誤 This dictionary is worth to buy.正 This dictionary is worth buying.析be worth后可接動、名詞表達值得作某事，又可接價格、金錢表示值多少錢。誤Don't afraid of that.正Don't be afraid of that.析afraid在如文屮是形公訕對不是屈J這樣的冊加冇:be afraid of 害怕 be careful of I心be certain of 有

32、把握，確定 be sure of 請信be glad of 高興 be sick of 厭惡be fond of 老狀誤The work has already bee n done well.正The work has already bee n well done.析well與badly作副詞時，表示好壞，如果句子是被動語態(tài)，則應放在過 去分詞之前，如： This machi ne has bee n badly damaged.女口果句子是主動語態(tài), 貝 U應放于句末，如： I did my homework well.誤We are yet in the classroom now.正

33、We are already in the classroom now.析already主要用于冃疋句，而yet多用于否疋句和疑冋句中，如：Did you fin ish it? No. not yet.誤Look. Here comes he!正Look! Here he comes!誤Look! Here the bus comes!正Look! Here comes the bus!析在句子開頭用Here時，如主語是人稱代詞則不要用倒裝語序，如果主語 是名詞則耍用倒裝詰丿禮誤She is my older sister.正She is my elder sister.析elder和eld

34、est是用來指家庭中兄弟姐妹的長幼關(guān)系，而 older, oldest則是指歲數(shù)大多少，如：She is three years older than I.誤 I'm tired. I can't go further.正 I'm tired. I can't go farther.析far有兩個比較級farther較遠的，further進一步的，女口： Do you need any further explanation?你需要進一步的解釋嗎？當然它也有兩個最高級。farthest和 furthest.誤I went to Beijing Universit

35、y five years before.正I went to Beijing University five years ago.析ago常與過去時連用，而before I則券仃定成甘連HL誤-Have you fini shed your homework?-No, not already.正-Have you fini shed your homework?-No, not yet.析仍然有三個英文字可以表達它們是already, yet與still。要注意的是already經(jīng)常用于肯定句中，如 The bus has already go neb 而yet多用于疑問句 和否定句中，如：H

36、ave you finished your homework yet?而still則常用于主語與 謂語動詞之間，女口： We still can't decide what to do.但也有時用于be動詞之后， 如：He is still here.誤 He is very higher than I am.正 He is much higher tha n I am.析much可以用來修飾比較級，而very則用來修飾形容詞原級，女口 ： I'm very tired.誤-Can I walk to the station? - You'd better not. I

37、t is very far.正-Can I walk to the station?-You'd better no t, It is a long way.析for 一般用在疑問句與否定句中，女口： How far is it from here to the station? 又如：It isn't far.誤 rve ever bee n to America.正 I've bee n to America on ce.析once多用于肯定句，而ever則用于疑問句，否定句，及條件狀語從句中，如： Have you ever bee n to London?誤-C

38、ould you pass the exam this time?-No, I am not afraid so.正-Could you pass the exam this time?-No, I'm afraid not.析在肯定的答語中我們可以用so來代替上句所講的事件，女口： Do you think she is a good stude nt? Yes I thi nk so, /I hope so, /I believe so/ I'm afraid sc(!在否定 的答語中，英語口語的習慣用法則有所不同，如,I don't think so而在hope,

39、 belive 與 afraid 后則常用 not, 如: I hope not.誤 She did n't work eno ugh hard, so she could n't pass the exam.正 She did n't work hard eno ugh, so she could n't pass the exam.析 eno ugh 可以作名詞用，如： Eno ugh has bee n said for how to learn En glish well.(對于如何學好英語已經(jīng)講的足夠多了。)Ihave eno ugh money (o

40、r money eno ugh) to buy this dictio nary.注意 eno ugh 作為形 容詞時即可放于名詞前又可放于名詞后，在初中范圍的考題中多用于名詞之前。如果enough彳誤 You can't be very careful.正 You can't be too careful.析此句話的含意是你如何小心也不過分。tooto的用法是"太以至于 不能作某事"。但在實際應用時也常常將后面的to省去，女口： It is too expensive for me誤 He is good past fifty.正 He is well p

41、ast fifty.析well作為副詞用時除用于"好"之外還有"大大地、遠遠地"，等意。往往 有人對下面兩句的對'He is well.He is good.其實這兩句都是正確的表達法，只不過其含意不同。He is well是"他身體不錯",而He is good則為"他是個好人"：誤 She is not as half clever as her brother.正 She is not half as clever as her brother.析在asas結(jié)構(gòu)中要將修飾形容詞的數(shù)量詞倍數(shù)及nearl

42、y, almost, exactlyas 2誤 He is same age as Tom.正 He is the same age as Tom.析the sameas是固定的用法，其中定冠詞the是不可省也不能換成別的 同的.誤 Mother and her daughter are exactly like.正 Mother and her daughter are exactly alike.* like作為介詞，其意為"像",應用于look like, be like, sou nd like,其后要加賓語。 而 alike 是形容詞，或副詞，如：You and

43、I think alike. The twins are dressed alike。但 alike誤 Who is taller of the two?正 Who is the taller of the two?析兩者旳比校級Z厳旳川定朮B 誤 I have less books tha n Tom.正 I have fewer books tha n Tom.析less是little的比較級，而fewer是few的比較級。less后應加不可數(shù)名 詞而fewer后是川數(shù)名h -誤 There are three girls in my group. The cleverer is Mary

44、.正 There are three girls in my group. The cleverest is Mary.析在兩者之間應用比較級，在三者之間或三者以上的范圍內(nèi)應用最高級。誤 The boy sat there as quiet as his sister.正 The boy sat there as quietly as his sister.析asas的用法要注意的是：在其中間應加形容詞或副詞的原級，而不 可加比較級，也有的語法書中稱為同級比較。要根據(jù)句意決定是加形容詞還是 副詞，這要看它具體是修飾動詞還是名詞而定，如：He is as good as his friend.誤

45、 The harder you study, and you can lear n more.正 The harder you study, the more you can lear n.析英文中如果要表達越來越怎樣，在初中范圍有兩種表達法：比較級+and+ 比較級。定冠詞 + 比較級 ， 如: The ni ghts are gett ing Ion ger and Ion ge。 要 注意的是多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級前要加 more，這樣的用法是：more and more加 形容詞，如： The girl is growing more and more beautiful.誤 Study

46、 ing physics is not so in teresti ng as to lear n En glish.正 Study ing physics is not so in teresti ng as lear ning En glish.析在作比較時，英語一般要求對比的兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)應一致。如用動名詞，應 都用動名詞，用不定式時則都用不定式。但有時在后一個不定式前的符號to可以省略。如： To repair the old one is as much expensive as (to) buy a new one.誤 The girl is more cleverer than th

47、e boy.正 The girl is much more clever (much cleverer) tha n the boy.析clever有兩個比較級：cleverer和more clever要注意的是不能用比較級來clever的兩個比較級也各有不同之處，如用在兩種不同性質(zhì)的比 較時多用 more clever,如: He is more clever than honest.(他的聰明要遠遠超過其 誠實。)析 The boy is the tallest to the three.正 The boy is the tallest of the three.析最高級的范圍要用ofM復

48、數(shù)總式戍丿川塢合名誤 This book is one of the most useful dicti on ary.正 This book is one of the most useful dicti on aries.析在one of后血授同級丿踐涇i吐后農(nóng)丿川h賤名復數(shù)“誤 This dictionary is the much best one of the English Chinese dictionaries.正 This dicti onary is much the best one of the En glish Chin ese diet ion aries.析在修飾

49、最高級時應用 far/by far/much加the加最高級。但very例外，如：He is the very best player in the team.誤 Shanghai is bigger than any other cities in China.正 Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.析在比較級中表示比較對象時如用any other只旨段芟i川單鎖名妙誤 Most of stories in this book are written in English.正 Most of the stories in this

50、book are written in English.正 Most stories in this book are written in English.析"大多數(shù)"一詞的表達法有most of the +名詞，或most+名詞。當用前一種 結(jié)構(gòu)時，其后面的定尅詞不可少C誤 The temperature of that room is higher than this room.正 The temperature of that room is higher than that of this room.析比較級用于兩句話之間時，比較的部分不可省略掉，但為了避免重復，

51、一般都要用that代替前面的單數(shù)名詞，而用those代替前面的復數(shù)名詞，女口： Thebooks in that box are bigger tha n those in this boX誤 He is no more here. Maybe he is at home.正 He is no Ion ger here. Maybe he is at home.析no more在現(xiàn)代英語中多譯為："從此再也不會了 "，如:His voice is no more here.他已經(jīng)去世了，他的聲音不可能再出現(xiàn)了。而用no longer表達目前的狀態(tài)。耍注意卜面兒組句子的實際含

52、意:This room is no clea ner than that o ne即 兩間屋子都不干凈。（兩者都不干凈）This room is not cleaner than that one,即這屋 子不如那間干凈。（前者不如后者干凈。即一間干凈，一間不干凈。）（三）例:題牌析1 I think Chinese is than maths.A . interesting Bmore interestingC. most interesting D. the most interesting答案B.析在有than作&校的勻子屮應用形容掃怖比較級“2 - What does Lucy

53、 like better, singing or dancing?-Singing, of course. She's known to it.A. be good at B. be good forC. be bad at D. be bad for答案A.析be good at為固定搭配，意為"擅長作某事"。初中英語中有些這樣的固定 用法應記牢，血不能似是血 jh 如:be good at, be bad at, be poor in, be week in,be fit for3 The Huang He River is one o in China.A.

54、The long river B. the Ion gest riverC. the Ion gest rivers D. the Ion ger river答案C.析在one of +定冠詞+授汁級Z,右的乞討應用復綴形式4 The girl was afraid she threw her bag away.A. so, that B. too, to C. too, that D. eno ugh, to答案A.析sothat為"如此怎樣以至于如何"，此句意思是：小女孩如此害怕以至 于扔下包跑掉了。而tooto的意思為"如何如何，以至于不能作某事"

55、。但to的 片面是動詞原形,而不是從句。5 It was yesterday than today.A. hot B. hoterC. hotter D. the hottest答案C.析用than表達比較的句中應用比較級 i16 Which subject do you like , English Chinese or maths?A. best B. wellC. better D. good答案A.析在兩芒z閭應用比較級，血件者之間或一者以i-.rnM&汎7 None of the students watched it .A. careful eno ugh B. eno u

56、gh carefullyC. carefully eno ugh D. eno ugh careful答案C.析首先應判定是選用用來修飾名詞的形容詞還是用來修飾動詞的副詞。這 里是修飾watch這一動詞，應選用副詞。當 enough用來修飾副詞或形容詞時應 放尸被修飾的形容詞哎剛詞之鼠8 she eats, she'll be.A. More fat B. The more- fatterC. More the fatter D. The more the fatter答案D.析the+比較級表示"越來越"本句應譯為：她吃得越多，她就會越胖。9 I don't think English is Chinese.A. as importa nt as B. not importa nt asC. not so importa nt D. importa nt as答案A.析thin k+賓語從句時，應采用否定主句的形式，如：中文講，"我認為你不對"，英文應為："我不認為你對"。I don't think you are