仁愛英語(yǔ)8年級(jí)上冊(cè)U4Topic1學(xué)科講義有答案

1、【基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)鞏固】Section A1、 What are you thinking about? 你在想什么? I cant tell you now.Ill have to think about it.現(xiàn)在我不能告訴你，我要考慮一下。What do you think about/of?你在考慮什么？think of 意為“想起,想到,認(rèn)為,對(duì)有想法”時(shí)與think about不同She often thinks of her friend,Anna.她常常想起她的朋友安娜。What do you think of the film?你認(rèn)為這部電影怎么樣？think over 仔細(xì)思考，考

2、慮Youd better think it over and then write down your answers.你最好仔細(xì)考慮一下，然后再寫答案。2、名詞復(fù)數(shù)特殊的幾種：（1）單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞有： fish魚，deer鹿，sheep綿羊， Chinese中國(guó)人; Japanese （2）不規(guī)則變化：child-children；foot-feet，tooth-teeth牙齒，goose-geese 鵝；mouse-mice老鼠； man-men； woman-women 注意：與 man 和 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 -men 和-women。如： an Englishm

3、an，two Englishmen. 但German（德國(guó)人）不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans；（3）只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞： trousers褲子，pants褲子，shorts短褲 glasses眼鏡， Section B1、Which do you like better, plants or animals? 植物和動(dòng)物，你比較喜歡哪一個(gè)？ I like animals better. 我比較喜歡動(dòng)物。better是good, well的比較級(jí)，屬于不規(guī)則變化。2、 As we know, plants and animals are important to us.We share

4、the same world with them. 我們和他們（動(dòng)植物）共享這個(gè)世界。be important to sb.share sth. with sb. 與某人分享某物，如：I want to share my happiness with you.你可以和我共用一把傘。You can share the umbrella with us.Section C Feature of rainforests1、in the _ parts of the world2、_ ground and always _ and _ in them3、cover _ of the earths _

5、4、give a home to many beautiful _ and _hot wet dark hot 6% surface plants animalsImportance of rainforests1、make the air _ and _ 2、_ the water and keep the water_3、control the _ 4、keep the beauty of _ 5、 give us _, _, fruit, _ and so onfresher cleaner hold cycling climate nature wood food medicine1.

6、 Rainforests cover 6% of the earths surface.(1)cover v.覆蓋；cover with, 用覆蓋,如：He covered his face with a newspaper.be covered with 被覆蓋：The land is covered with snow. (2)6% 讀作：six percent數(shù)詞 % + of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。數(shù)詞 % + of +不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 eg: 50% of the students in our class are boys. 70%

7、of the earth is water.2. Thousands and thousands of animals live in rainforests. thousands of 成千上萬(wàn)的 thousands and thousands of 千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)的（比前者更多）（1） 表示不確定數(shù)目時(shí)，用hundreds/thousands of 結(jié)構(gòu)，如：thousands of students（2） 表示確定數(shù)目時(shí)，用 數(shù)字+hundred/thousand 結(jié)構(gòu)，如：two thousand students練習(xí)：成千上萬(wàn)的人喜歡這種機(jī)器。Thousands of people enj

8、oy this kind of machine.我書房里有200本書。There are two hundred books in my study.3.They play an important part in controlling the climate.(1)play an important part in (doing)sth.在某事中起重要作用； 參與（某事） eg: 他積極參加班級(jí)活動(dòng)。He plays an active part in class activities. (2)control the climate 控制氣候 control v./n.控制 過(guò)去式：con

9、trolled 過(guò)去分詞：controllingSection D讀書上87頁(yè)和88頁(yè)，完成下列問(wèn)題1、完成表格AnimalWhat they feed on Where they live Why they are in dangerpandasbambooin Southwest ChinaThey have less and less land to live on.blue whalessmallest sea animalsin the oceanSome people kill them and make the ocean water dirtier.Chinese tigers

10、small animalsin the south of ChinaSome people kill them for their fur and bones.2、在空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~Pandas live in the _ and _ of Southwest China. They _ _ bamboo. But now they have _ _ _ land to live on. So pandas are becoming _ in number.forests mountains feed on less and less fewerThe _ animals in the w

11、orld are not elephants. They are blue whales. They are the _ but they feed on the smallest sea animals. Now they are _ _ because some people make their _ _ dirty and others _ whales for their meat.heaviest largest in danger ocean home kill Chinese tigers live in the _ of China. They are also _ _ now

12、. they are the _ _ _ tigers in the world and they eat small animals. Some people kill tigers for their _ and _.south in danger oldest type of fur bones【重要語(yǔ)法】(1) I like it very much because the air is fresher,the sky is bluer and the rivers are clearer there.(2) I think the countryside is much quiete

13、r than the city,too.(3) What is the strongest animals on the farm?(4) I think the taller horse over there is stronger than the shorter horse.(5) I think the sheep are the nicest of all.(6) The pig must be the fattest and the laziest animals on the farm.(7) I think this cat is nicer.(8) But I think t

14、he pigs are cuter.(9) All the animals are living a better life on the farm.一、形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形容詞比較級(jí)在句子中的運(yùn)用：兩個(gè)事物或人的比較用比較級(jí)，比較級(jí)由“形容詞比較級(jí)than，”構(gòu)成表示在兩者中間一方比另一方“更加”。形容詞最高級(jí)用于三者以上事物或人的比較，形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是“定冠詞the形容詞最高級(jí)名詞表示范圍的短語(yǔ)或從句”(如all, of all, of the tree, in，among等)。2、 形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成：（一）規(guī)則變化：1一般在詞尾加-er（比較級(jí)），-est（最高級(jí)）：ta

15、lltallertallest,freshfresher freshest2以字母e結(jié)尾的形容詞只加-r（比較級(jí)），-st（最高級(jí)）：nicenicernicest ,ableablerablest 3以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，應(yīng)雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-er（比較級(jí)），-est （最高級(jí)）：“又大又胖又熱又濕又瘦 ” bigbiggerbiggest,fat-fatter-fattest,hot-hotter-hottest,wet-wetter-wettest,thin-thinner-thinnest4以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，先改y為i，再加-er（比較級(jí)），-e

16、st（最高級(jí)）：easyeasiereasiest, dry-drier-driest,heavy-heavier-heaviest5部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加more（比較級(jí)），most（最高級(jí)）來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)： easilymore easilymost easily,active more activemost active（二）不規(guī)則變化good / wellbetterbest ; bad / illworseworst ; oldolder/elderoldest/eldestmany / muchmoremost ; little/fewlessleast ; far

17、farther/furtherfarthest/furthest3、 形容詞比較等級(jí)的用法級(jí)別比較程度表達(dá)方式和意義例 句備 注原級(jí)同等程度肯定形式A+be+as+adj.原級(jí)+as+B（表示A和B一樣）Art is as interesting as music.Lucy is as old as Lily.否定形式A+be+not+so/as+adj.原級(jí)+as+B(表示A不如/沒(méi)有B.)English is not so difficult as science.Mary is not so/as careful as I. 比較級(jí)不同程度（用于兩者比較）A+be+adj.比較級(jí)+tha

18、n+B(表示A比B更)Jim is older than Lucy.This apple is bigger than that one.表示一方超過(guò)另一方的程度或數(shù)量時(shí)，可在比較級(jí)前加表示程度的狀語(yǔ)，如even、alot、abit、alittle、still、much、far、no、not、by far、three years,five times,20%等修飾。I am two years older than Lily.我比莉莉大兩歲。Our school is twice larger than theirs.程度加深比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)（越來(lái)越）The + 比較級(jí)，the + 比較

19、級(jí)（越, 就越）He is growing taller and taller.The more , the better .（越多越好）more and more beautiful 其他用法比較級(jí)+than+any other +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)（適用于范圍一致時(shí)） 比較級(jí)+ than+ the other +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)He is taller than any other student / the other students in his class. 比較時(shí)，不能與自身比較。 王磊比他班的任何和一個(gè)學(xué)生都高。錯(cuò)誤：Wang Lei is taller than any student

20、 in his class.正確：Wang Lei is taller than any other student in his class. 比較級(jí)+ than+any +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)（適用于范圍不一致時(shí)）He is taller than any student in my class.表示“比較A和B，那一個(gè)較.”Which language is more difficult,English or Chinese?那種語(yǔ)言比較難學(xué)，英語(yǔ)還是漢語(yǔ)？“the+比較級(jí)+of the two”意為“兩個(gè)中比較的.”.如：Mary is the cleverer of the two.瑪麗是這

21、兩個(gè)人中比較聰明的。He is the taller of the two brothers. 最高級(jí)最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）the +最高級(jí)+of /in(在.中最)Spring is the best season of all the years.China is the largest country in Asia.在同類事物范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行比較用of，在一定的地域空間內(nèi)用in.Tom is the tallest of these children.湯姆在這些孩子中是最高的。Tom is the tallest in our class.湯姆在我們班是最高的。其他用法表示第幾高/長(zhǎng)

22、/遠(yuǎn)：序數(shù)詞后面接最高級(jí)。The Yangtze River is the first longest river in China.長(zhǎng)江是中國(guó)第一長(zhǎng)河。I think computer is the second most useful invention.我認(rèn)為電腦是第二有用的發(fā)明。在比較結(jié)構(gòu)中需注意的問(wèn)題：1.原級(jí)：形容詞原級(jí)常用so,very,too,enough,quite等詞修飾He often feels very lonely.他常常覺得很寂寞。Those flowers are so beautiful.這些花如此美麗。2. 原級(jí)、比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)之間有時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)換，意思不變。如

23、：Tom is not as tall as Jim.=Tom is shorter than Jim.The song is more popular than the other songs.=The song is the most popular one of all the songs.3.在表示比較的句子中，如果比較對(duì)象相同，為避免重復(fù)，在從句中常用one、ones、the one、that、those等詞代替前面提到的名詞。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。There are not so/as many

24、apples in this basket as those in that basket.這個(gè)籃子里的蘋果沒(méi)有那個(gè)籃子里的(蘋果）多。4.one of +形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”意為“最.的.之一”。如：Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中國(guó)最大的城市之一。5.有些形容詞，如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含義的限制，沒(méi)有比較級(jí)。6.當(dāng)形容詞最高級(jí)前有物主代詞修飾時(shí)，不加定冠詞the，或者形容詞最高級(jí)表示“非?！睍r(shí)，也不加定冠詞the，有時(shí)可加不定冠詞a/an。如：Monday is

25、my busiest day.星期一是我最忙的一天。It is a most interesting story.(=It is a very interesting story.)它是一個(gè)很有趣的故事。7.“倍數(shù)+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as”表示“幾倍于.”。如：Your story is three times as long as mine.你的故事比我的長(zhǎng)兩倍。8.a/an+形容詞比較級(jí)的用法The pen is expensive .I want a cheaper one.這支鋼筆很貴。我想要個(gè)便宜點(diǎn)的。練習(xí)：The air in the countryside is _than th

26、at in the city. fresherThe sky in the countryside is _than that in the city. bluerThe river in the countryside is _than that in the city. clearerThe trees in the countryside are _ than those in the city. greenerIts _ in the countryside than in the city. quieter【典型例題講解】( )1. _ shoes would you like to

27、 buy?39. A. How longB. What size ofC. How wideD. What color( )2. _ weather today is! Yes. But the radio says it will get worse later.A. How a badB. How badC. What a badD. What bad( )3. Lily, who is the girl _ red? Oh, she is my sister Kitty.A. wearsB. wearC. inD. puts on( )4. Why dont you take the d

28、ress, Linda?I have only $10. I cant _ it. A. borrowB. affordC. sellD. bring( )5. How much is your new T-shirt? Oh, I _ fifty yuan for it yesterday afternoon.A. costB. paidC. spentD. took( )6. When I went shopping, a beautiful hat _ my eyes. A. cameB. wentC. tookD. caught( )7. What do you think of Ka

29、ngkang? He is _ excellent student that we all like him.A. suchB. such anC. soD. so an( )8. This pair of sunglasses _ very expensive. But you look cooler with it.A. isB. areC. paysD. does( )9. Did you see who the driver was?No, the car ran so fast _ I couldnt have a good look at his face. A. thatB. w

30、hichC. asD. after( )10. What a sunny day!Yes. Youd better take a sun umbrella to protect yourself _ the sunshine. A. ofB. fromC. underD. to【隨堂練習(xí)鞏固】. 情景交際。(5分)根據(jù)對(duì)話情景選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)，其中有兩項(xiàng)是多余的。A. Can you tell me what I should wear in the office?B. Is that a new shirt youre wearing？C. How are things going on wi

31、th you?D. Thats all right. E. Whats it made of?F. no problem. G. Can you tell me where I need to go?Black: Hi, Tom. Long time no see!Tom: Hi, Black. 11 Black: Fine. Thanks for asking. Tom: 12 Black: Yes. I talked with the seller for a long time to get the price I wanted. Tom: It looks cool. 13 Black

32、: Its made of silk. Its very soft. Tom: Does your company let you wear casual(非正式的) clothes in the office?Black: Sure, 14 As long as we dont have the business partners(伙伴). Tom: Could I wear my swimming pants in the office?Black: No way! Tom: 15 I dont want to look ugly. Black: I think you need some

33、 good advice. Listen carefully!11. 12. 13. 14. 15. . 完形填空。(10分)Mrs. Smith was looking at the show window of a shop selling shirts. She wanted to buy a 16 for Mr. Smith, her husband. There were so many beautiful shirts that she couldnt decide 17 . At last, she chose one and bought it home.While Mr. S

34、mith was reading a newspaper, she showed him the shirt. She wanted to know whether it would fit her husband or not. Her husband 18 the shirt. But it didnt fit him 19 . It was both too long and too big. Then Mrs. Smith washed it in order to make it become smaller. But the shirt 20 didnt fit him. Now

35、it was too small for him. She asked Tom, his son, to 21 , and he did so. The shirt didnt fit him, 22 . Then the woman began to wash the shirt once more to make it 23 . But this time the shirt became too short after she washed it again.Now the little girl, her daughter was 24 when her mother dressed

36、her in the shirt. Why? Because it was too large, she didnt like it at all. None of them knew 25 . Mrs. Smith felt so upset. ( )16. A. shirtB. shoesC. clothesD. short( )17. A. she chose which oneB. to choose which oneC. that which one she choseD. which one to choose( )18. A. tried onB. tried outC. wo

37、reD. put on( )19. A. not at allB. at allC. any longerD. any more( )20. A. usuallyB. stillC. everD. always( )21. A. put on itB. put it onC. have on itD. have it on( )22. A. alsoB. tooC. as well asD. either( )23. A. smallerB. biggerC. the smallestD. the biggest( )24. A. happyB. nervousC. worriedD. unh

38、appy( )25. A. how to do withB. what to doC. when to doD. how to do 【課后強(qiáng)化練習(xí)】. 閱讀理解。(30分)(A)When you want to go shopping, you will decide how much money you can pay for new clothes and think about the kind of clothes you really need. Then you just only look for those clothes. Therere labels(標(biāo)簽) inside

39、 all new clothes. The labels tell you how to take care of your clothes. The labels may say “dry-clean only”. If you put these clothes into the water to wash them, you may ruin(損壞) them.Many clothes today must be dry-cleaned. Dry-cleaning is expensive. So when you buy new clothes, check if they will

40、need to be dry-cleaned. Youll save money if your clothes can be washed in water.You can also save money if you buy clothes that are well-made. Well-made clothes last longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times. Clothes that cost more money are not always made better. They dont

41、 always fit better. Sometimes the less expensive clothes look and fit better than the more expensive ones.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。( )26. Before you buy clothes, the first thing for you to do is _.A. to get advice from othersB. to decide how much money they costC. to decide what color you likeD. to think about

42、 what style you want( )27. _ can tell you how to take care of your clothes.A. The labelsB. The colorsC. The stylesD. The materials( )28. If you want to save money, you can buy clothes _.A. that can be washed in waterB. that need to dry-cleanedC. that look goodD. that is the cheapest( )29. From the p

43、assage, we can learn _.A. dry-cleaning is cheapB. sometimes the cheaper clothes can fit you betterC. expensive clothes last longerD. cheap clothes last longer( )30. The writer mainly tell us _.A. how to choose labelB. how to wash clothesC. how to save moneyD. how to buy clothes (B)Whats the coolest

44、kind of transportation(交通) for middle school students back from winter holidays? A racing bike? A car? No, its a special kind of shoes called Heelys(暴走鞋). Heelys look just like common sports shoes, but they have a wheel(輪子) hidden(藏) in the heel(鞋跟). So instead of walking, kids can “fly” around in t

45、hem.“Wearing Heelys is fun and cool!” said Wu Peng, a boy who wore them on his first day back at No. 6 Middle School in Beijing. Wu Peng said he loves the shoes so much that he wears them to go here and there. Sometimes he even follows his parents car to the supermarket in his Heelys!Other students

46、also think they are very cool, but some arent so lucky with their Heelys. Its said that some children fell down and got hurt while wearing these shoes. “Heelys wheels are in the heels of the shoes, so its easy to fall,” said Liu Rui, a doctor at the Hong Kong International Medical Clinic, Beijing. E

47、ven worse, Liu said, “Wearing Heelys for a long time could stop young people from developing their legs. ”根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。( )31. Whats the coolest kind of transportation according to the passage?A. A car. B. A racing bike. C. A pair of Heelys. D. A pair of common sports shoes. ( )32. Why do kids like

48、Heelys when they wear them?A. Because they can fly in space. B. Because they can walk fast. C. Because they are fun and cool. D. Because they can skate. ( )33. Heelys are common shoes with _ the heel. A. a wheel hidden inB. a wheel in front ofC. an arm hidden inD. a leg hidden in( )34. Not all the k

49、ids are lucky because some of them _. A. have no money to buy themB. are afraid of falling downC. are not allowed(不被允許) to wear themD. fell down and got hurt( )35. What does the doctor think of Heelys?A. They are too expensive to buy. B. They are too fast to go. C. They are bad for kids health. D. T

50、hey are good for training. (C)One day a farmer went out for a walk with his little son. The farmer wore a pair of wrong shoes. One had thick sole(厚鞋底) but the other didnt. He began to walk and then his feet hurt. When he was just out of the house, he turned to his son and said, “Why is one of my leg

51、s longer than the other today?”The son looked at his fathers legs carefully as he was walking and then laughed, “Oh, no, Daddy. Your legs are all right. Youre wearing the wrong shoes.” The farmer was very happy to hear that and said to himself, “What a clever son!” Then he asked his son to go back a

52、nd got the other pair of shoes for him. The farmer had only two pairs of shoes.When the son ran back to the house, he found that the other pair was also a wrong pair. He had to return to his father with nothing in his hands and said, “Its no use changing them, Daddy! The shoes at home are not a pair, either!”根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成下列各題。36. One day a farmer wore _ to walk with his son. 37. Was one of his legs longer than the other?_38. _ found th