牛津深圳版八下現(xiàn)在完成時專題學案及專項練習（無答案）

1、.如今完成時1、 表達和使用1.如今完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作對如今造成的影響或結(jié)果或表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到如今。如今完成時有兩種用法： A.過去發(fā)生的某一動作對如今造成的影響或結(jié)果或到如今為止已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作。B.表示過去發(fā)生的、持續(xù)到如今的動作或狀態(tài)。2.強調(diào)過去的動作對如今產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果They have lost the match.他們輸?shù)袅吮荣怣ary hasnt found the car. 瑪麗還沒找到她的汽車。3. 表示從過去某時開場并一直延續(xù)到如今的動作或狀態(tài)，這個動作或狀態(tài)也許還會持續(xù)下去，常與表示一段時間的狀語連用，在肯定句、疑問句中謂語需為延續(xù)性動詞。I ha

2、ve lived in Beijing since 10 years ago.自從10年前我就一直在北京生活。How long have you been away from your hometown?你分開家鄉(xiāng)多久了？4. 表示經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)歷A.have been to表示“有到過某地的經(jīng)歷如今已經(jīng)回來了，任何人稱作主語均可。She has been to America twice.她去過美國兩次。I have never been to the Great Wall.我從來沒有去過長城。B.have gone to 表示“去了某地還沒有回來，通常不用第一、第二人稱代詞作主語。Lucy do

3、esnt go to school.She has gone to America.露西沒去上學。她去美國了。Jim isnt at home.He has gone to the library.吉姆不在家。他去了圖書館。5. 一般過去時和如今完成時的區(qū)別一般過去時表示在過去某個時間發(fā)生的事情、存在的狀態(tài)或過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，不強調(diào)對如今產(chǎn)生的影響，常與確定的過去時間狀語連用。如今完成時表示發(fā)生在過去的動作對如今造成的影響或該動作一直持續(xù)到如今，不和確定的過去時間狀語連用。I taught here two years ago.我兩年前在這兒教書I have taught here for

4、fifteen years.我在這兒教了15年書了。 一般過去時與如今完成時的區(qū)別 前者單獨談過去，結(jié)果影響少考慮 后者今普緊相連，強調(diào)影響和經(jīng)歷 前者狀語多特定，后者延續(xù)不確定2、 如今完成時構(gòu)造 1.have/has+動詞過去分詞形式簡寫：have/has+Ved 注：第三人稱單數(shù)用has A.陳述句肯定句 主語+have/has+過去分詞，如： I have seen the film already.我已經(jīng)看過那部電影了。 She has planted a lot of trees in the past three years. 她在過去三年里已經(jīng)種了好多樹。 B.否認句 主語+h

5、ave/has+not+過去分詞，如： I havent cleaned the room.我沒有清潔那房間。 She hasnt heard from Tom.他沒有收到湯姆的來信。 C.一般疑問句 Have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他，如： Have you finished your homework?你完成你的作業(yè)了嗎？ Has he been to Beijing?他去過北京了嗎？ D.特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他，如： Where have they been to twice?他們?nèi)ミ^哪里兩次？ Who have been to London

6、twice?誰去過倫敦兩次？ 2.標志詞 A.yet,already I have already had my breakfast.我已經(jīng)吃過早餐了。 Have you already had breakfast?你吃過早餐了嗎？ I havent had my breakfast yet.我仍然沒有吃早餐。 因此，yet用于否認句，疑問句末 already用于肯定句，但有時也用于疑問句，表驚訝。 B.for,since for+一段時間 since+時間點 I have been in New York for 4 years.我紐約已經(jīng)4年了 I arrived in New York

7、4 years ago.我四年前到紐約分清延續(xù)性動詞，短暫性動詞 短暫性動詞所表示行為時間為短暫的，瞬間可完成的。如：buy,borrow,open,close,come,go,finish等。 延續(xù)性動詞所表示行為可持續(xù)，如be,write,work,study,join,teach等。 短暫性動詞也可用于如今完成時態(tài)，但不可與for,since等一定表示一段時間的時間狀語連用但否認句除外，因為否認句中動詞表示狀態(tài)，狀態(tài)可延續(xù)。否認句中側(cè)重“不。假設(shè)要與for,since連用，那么應(yīng)把短暫性動詞變成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞。延續(xù)性動詞可用于如今完成時態(tài)，可與for,since連用。要分清兩類動詞。動

8、詞性質(zhì)例詞用法禁忌轉(zhuǎn)化延續(xù)性動詞長時間延續(xù)性動作。be,work,study,write,keep,Live,have等。既可用于如今完成時態(tài)，也與for,since連用短暫性動詞短暫的，瞬間完成的動作。buy,borrow,open,close,begin,start,come,go,finish,leave,catch,join等?？捎糜谌缃裢瓿蓵r態(tài)，但不能與for,since連用不可與for,sincel連用buyhaveborrowkeepopenbe openedclosebe closedbegin,startbe ongo,leavebe awayfinishbe overdie

9、be died 備注：分清一下兩短語的用法Have been to :曾去過某地，如今人已回來。Have gone to :去了某地，人在去的途中或在那里，沒回來。e.g.:My mom has gone to the library. Have been in:在某地逗留時間有多久Have been to：曾去過某地e.g.：She has been in Hong Kong for 3days. I have ever been to Shanghai.1 單項選擇 1.-How long has Robert ? -Since 2019. A.been to Beijing B.beco

10、me a doctor C.joined the club D.studied in this school 2.The musician hasnt been here . A.three weeks B.since three weeks C.for three weeks D.about three weeks 3.Both his parents look sad.Maybe they whats happened to him. A.knew B.have known C.must know D.will know 4.Zhang lan already in this school

11、 for two years. A.was studying B.will study C.has studied D.are studying 5.Hes finished his homework, ? A.isnt he B.hasnt he C.doesnt he D.wasnt he 6.- you your homework yet? -Yes.I it a moment ago. A.Did,do;finished B.Have,done;finished C.Have done;have finished D.will do;finish二、用動詞的適當形式填空1.I_alre

12、ady_seethe film.I_seeit last week.2._ he _finish his work today Not yet .3._you _beto Hong Kong Yes,I _bethere twice 4.How long _the Wangs _stay here?For two weeks.5.So far I _make quite a few friends here.6.Shanghai _be a small town hundreds of years ago.Now it _ become a large city.3、 根據(jù)漢語完成句子，每空一

13、詞。 1.吉姆已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了。他如今有空。 Jim his homework already. He is now. 2.我的父親之前去過長城。 My father the Great Wall before. 3.她還沒看那個新電影。 She the new film . 4.她曾經(jīng)到過上海。 She Shanghai.5.他這些天去哪里了？ Where he these days？6. 自從他搬到廣州，他就住這兒了。 He here he moved to Guangzhou.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換每空一詞.1.I have been to Macao before.改為否認句I _ _ been to Macao before.2.He hasnt come to school because hes ill.就劃線部分提問_ _ he come to school?3