美國數(shù)學建模單詞

1、1 馬氏鏈2 遺傳算法,represent 代表present展現(xiàn)demonstrate表明handle處理For each case對于每一種情況resistance阻力therefore因此a safety margin安全裕cost-effective成本效益好的column：縱列inherently天性的be content to滿足于algorithm運算法則contradict反駁streamline;使合理化，使成流線型metrics;度量terminology術(shù)語capital，uppercase大寫字母upper-left左上角that is significant but

2、not too large，不是很大的量。involves many complex interactions 包括許多復(fù)雜的內(nèi)部作用。As a convention,按照慣例we aim to create an algorithm with the following properties:我們可以得出具備以下特性的一種算法。These indices are related by the following functions:這些量之間有下面一些關(guān)系式！決定：determine，decide，design 進一步：Furthermore in addition 另外取決于：depend

3、 on 從那時以來since then估計estimatederive from來源于使之服從于 subject to說明 explain Criteria 標準Similarly 同樣的Initial modelling最初模型rough 粗糙的thus 這樣adjustment factor調(diào)整因素remove 去除 eliminate calibrate 調(diào)整Recommendation 推薦信problematic 有問題的dynamic ratio 動態(tài)參數(shù)flow rates 流動比例a fixed constant 固定的常數(shù)flowchart 流程圖depends only o

4、n 僅僅取決于weighting 加權(quán)real root 實根that is 即apart from 除了（相當于besides）empirical 憑經(jīng)驗的refine 改進Prior to the start of，在開始之前， before coherently 連貫性transition 過渡 轉(zhuǎn)變extrapolated 推測informed decision 明智的決定out of 由于 ，用 材料rigid body 剛體運動intuitively 憑直覺的respectively 相應(yīng)的flaw 瑕疵postulate 假設(shè)impending 即將發(fā)生的recede 后退ass

5、ist in 幫助note that 既然基本框架summary 11 Introduction 31.1 Statement of Problem . . . . . . . . . 31.2 Relevance of Sudoku . . . . . . . . . 31.3 Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.4 Rules of Sudoku . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.5 Terminology and Notation . . . . . . 31.6 Indexing . . . . . . . .

6、. . . . . . . . 41.7 Formal Rules of Sudoku . . . . . . . 51.8 Example Puzzles . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Background 52.1 Common Solving Techniques . . . . 52.2 Previous Works . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Metric Design 103.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.2 Assumptions . . . . . . . . . .

7、. . . . 103.3 Mathematical Basis for WNEF . . . 104 Metric Calibration and Testing 114.1 Control Puzzle Sources . . . . . . . . 114.2 Testing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Puzzles . . . . . . . . . . . 124.3 Choice of Weight Function. . . . . . . 125 Generator Algorithm 125.1 Overview . . . . . .

8、 . . . . . . . . . . 125.2 Detailed Description . . . . . . . . . 145.3 Pseudocode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.4 Complexity Analysis . . . . . . . . . 18Puzzle Generation . . . . . . . 18Testing and Random Filling . 185.5 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Choices . . . . . . . . . .

9、196 Strengths and Weaknesses 197 Conclusions 21References 211 Source Code 232 Screenshots of Puzzle Generator 62List of Figures1 Demonstration of indexing schemes. 62 Puzzle generated by WebSudoku(ranked as “Easy”. . . . . . . . . . . 63 Top 1465 Number 77. . . . . . . . . . 74 An example of a hand-

10、made Nikolipuzzle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Example of the Naked Pair rule. . . 86 Example of the Naked Triplet rule. . 87 Example of the Hidden Pair rule. . . 88 Example of the Hidden Triplet rule. 99 Example of the Multi-Line rule. . . . 910 Examples of choice histograms. . . . 1111 WNEF for control puzzles by difficulty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1312 WNEF correlations for variousweighting functions. . . . . . . . . . . 1313 Running time as a function of th