介詞for用法歸納

1、介詞for用法歸納用法i ：（表目的）為了。如：They went out for a walk.他們出去散步了。What did you do that for?你干嗎這樣做？That ' s what we ' re here fo/正是我們來的目的。What ' s she gone for this time?她這次去干什么去了 ？He was waiting for the bus.他在等公共汽車。【用法說明】 在通常情況下，英語不用for doing sth 來表示目的。如：他去那兒看他叔叔。誤：He went there for seeing his un

2、cle.正：He went there to see his uncle.但是，若一個動名詞已名詞化，則可與 for連用表目的。如：He went there for swimming.他去那兒游泳。（swimming已名詞化）注意：若不是表目的，而是表原因、用途等，則其后可接動名詞。（見下面的有關用法）用法2 :（表利益）為，為了。如：What can I do for you?你想要我什么？We study hard for our motherland.我們?yōu)樽鎳W習。Would you please carry this for me?請你替我提這個東西好嗎？Do more exe

3、rcise for the good of your health.為了 健康你要多運動。【用法說明】（1）有些后接雙賓語的 動詞（如buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare等），當雙賓語易位時，通常用 for來引出間接賓語，表示間接賓語為受益者。如：She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter.她為她女兒做了 件連衣裙。He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potat

4、oes for us.他為我們煮了 些土豆。注意，類似下面這樣的句子必須用for ：He bought a new chair for the office.他為辦公室買了張新辦公椅。（2）注意不要按漢語字面意思，在一些及物動詞后誤加介詞for ：他們決定在電視上為他們的新產品打廣告。誤：They decided to advertise for their new product on TV.正： They decided to advertise their new product on TV.注：advertise可用作及物或不及物動詞，但含義不同：advertise sth=為賣出某物

5、而打廣告；advertisefor sth =為尋找某物而打廣告。如： advertise for a job=登廣告求職。由于受漢語 為"的影響，而此處誤加了介詞for。類似地，漢語中的 為人民服務”，說成英語是 serve the people ，而不是serve for the people , 為某人的死報仇 ”，說成英語是 avenge sb ' s death而不是 avenge for sb ' s deat僻等。 用法3 :（表用途）用于，用來。如：Knives are used for cutting things.小刀是用來切東西的。This kn

6、ife is for cutting bread.這把小刀是用于切面包的。It ' s a machine for slicing bread. 這是切面包的機器。The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold.醫(yī)生給了 她一些感冒藥。用法4:為得到，為拿到，為取得。如：He went home for his book.他回家拿書。He went to his friend for advice.She often asked her parents for money.她經常向父母要錢。他去向朋友請教。We all hope for s

7、uccess.我們都盼望成功。Are you coming in for some tea?你要不要進來喝點茶？用法5 :給（某人），供（某人）用。如：That ' s for you.這是給你的。Here is a letter for you.這是你的信。Have you room for me there?你那邊能給我騰出點地方嗎？用法6 ：（表原因、理由）因為，由于。如：I am sorry for it.對不起。Thank you for coming to see me.謝謝你來看我。You can ' t see the wood for the trees. 你

8、只見樹木，不見森林。He is famous for his poems.他因為他的詩出名。He was sent to prison for robbery.他因為搶劫而坐牢。I couldn ' t speak for laughing.我笑得說不出話來。He couldn ' t sleep for joy. 他高興得不能入睡。For several rea sons, I ' d rather not meet her.由于種種原因，我寧愿不見她?！居梅ㄕf明】 有些表原因的特殊結構不宜用介詞for來引出，而用其他介詞。如：他由于努力工作而加了工資。誤：For t

9、he result of his hard work, he got a pay rise.正： As a the result of his hard work, he got a pay rise.注：as a the result of 是習語，意為 由于的結果”。因為母親不在家，她只好自己做飯。誤：For Mother （being） away, she had to cook the meal herself.正： With Mother （being） away, she had to cook the meal herself.注："with+賓語+賓語補足語"

10、;可用來表示原因，此時的with不能換成for。類似地，下例中的with 也 不能換成for ：With all this work to do, I don' t know if I time to gdhave有這么多工作要做，我不知是否有時間出去。我們祝賀你的成功。誤： We congratulate you for your success.正： We congratulate you on your success.注：congratulate后習慣上接介詞 on 表示原因。用法7 :（表目標、去向）去。如：Is this bus for Chicago?這輛公共汽車開往芝加

11、哥嗎？They' ll leave for Beijing tomorrow.明天他們動身去北京。They set off for the shops.他們買東西去了。Is this the train for Shanghai?這是開往上海的火車嗎？Passengers for Tianjing must change at Beijing.去天津的旅客必須在北京換車。【用法說明】 比較for與to ,兩者均可表示目的地，注意以下區(qū)別：for 通常與 leave, start, set out, set off, head, steer, depart, be bound, be d

12、estined等動詞連用，而 to 貝U通常與 come, drive, fly, get, go, lead, march, move, return, ride, run, travel, walk 等動詞連用。如：We departed for London at 10 am.我們上午10點動身去倫敦。Then we drove to the station.然后我們就開車去了車站。有時，同一個動詞（如sail）兩者均可連用，但含義稍有差別：用 for通常只表示向著某目的地那個方向， 并不強調到達的意思；而 to含有到達某目的地的意思。如：They sailed for Shanghai

13、. 他們開船駛往廣州。They sailed to Shanghai.他們開船駛至廣州。若與名詞連用，也有類似區(qū)別。如：There will be a train for Wuhan.有開往武漢的火車。（僅表示向武漢方向，但在武漢未必是?？空荆㏕here will be a train to Wuhan.有開往武漢的火車。（開往武漢方向，且在武漢?？浚╉槺阏f一句，也有的辭書持幾乎相反的觀點，認為 for與to表示目的地時，for表示的是預定目的地， 而to表示的是假設將會到達的目的地。用法8：（表時間、距離、數量等）達，計。如：I ' m going away for a few da

14、ys.我要走開幾天。I ' ve been here for ten years.我來這兒有 10 年了。He walked for ten miles.他走了 10 英里路。The shop sent me a bill for $50.商店給我送來了一張 50美元的賬單。【用法說明】for用于表示時間或距離的長度（尤其是緊跟在動詞之后）時，有時可省略。如：The meeting lasted （for） three days.會議持續(xù)了 3 天。They walked （for） fifty miles.他們走了 50 英里。但是當for短語位于句首或在否定句中時，for通常不宜省

15、去。如：For ten years he lived here. 他在這里住過 10 年。We have not heard from him for a long time.我們很久沒收到他的來信了。用法9:對，對于。如：Eggs are good for you.雞蛋對你有好處。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.躺在床上看書對你的眼睛不好。Fortunately for me, the train was also late.我彳艮走運，火車也晚點了?！居梅ㄕf明】 關于for與to表示 對來說”時的區(qū)別，參見to。用法10 :（表適合）適于，適合。如：

16、Do you have any books for children?你有適合小孩子看的書嗎？He is the very person for the work.他是最適合做這工作的人。It ' s a good place for a camp.那是個露營的好地方。She bought some clothes for winter.她買了 些冬天穿的衣服。用法11 ：（表交換）換，以作交換。如：He gave her some magazines for her dictionary.他用幾本雜志換她的字典。She bought the skirt for $50.她花了 50

17、美元買這條裙子。I bought a pound of apples for 70 cents.我花了 七角錢買了一磅蘋果。Don' t translate word for word.不要逐字硬譯。用法12 :作為，當作。如：Don' t take him for a fool.別把他當傻瓜。He mistook a rope for a snake. 他把一條繩子誤認為是蛇。He knew that for a fact. 他知道那是事實。The missing persons were given up for dead.大家者B認為那些失蹤的人已死了?！居梅ㄕf明】 用于

18、此義時，有時相當于 as, to be, as being ,但要注意不同句型的搭配習慣。如：I took him for an honest man. / I took him to be honest.我看他為人老實。It was built for as a pleasure boat.這船建作游艇之用。比較：He took her smile for agreement.他把她的微笑視為同意。Will you take me as your partner?你把我看作你的合伙人好嗎？按傳統(tǒng)語法，takefor 通常指誤認為是,而takeas to be則主要指正確地認為是 但在現代英語

19、中，有時并未完全遵守此規(guī)則。但是與 mistake連用的則通常是for而不是as。如：We mistook the house for a hotel.我們把那房子誤以為旅館。用法13 :（表支持、贊成）支持，贊成。如：Are you for or against the plan ?你是支持還是反對這個計戈U ?I' m all for the young enjoying themselves.我完全贊成年輕人多玩玩。用法14 :（表基準）就來說，以而言，作為。如：He' s done well for a beginner.作為新手，他干得很好。He is heavy f

20、or a small boy.作為一個小男孩而言，他的身體算重的了。She was short for her age.就她的年齡來說，個子是矮了點。The day is cool for July. 在7月里這樣的日子算是涼快的了。用法15:（表比例）每就。如：Plant three trees for every one that is cut down.每砍棵樹要種三棵樹。He has one enemy for a hundred friends.他的敵人與朋友之比為比百。For every five who passed, there were two who failed.每 5

21、個人及格，就有 2 個不及格For every mistake you make, you' ll lose half a mark.你每犯個錯誤， 就要扣去半分?！居梅ㄕf明】用于此義時，通常與 each, every或數詞連用。用法16 :代表，代替，代理。如：What' s the English for 中國”"?英語里 中國”怎么說？What' s the" C” for in" BBC的?BBC!什么？Red is for danger.紅色代表危險。Let me do it for you.讓我替你做吧。The lawyer a

22、cted for him during the trial.在審案期間由律師代表他行事。用法17 :（表安排的時間）在，于。如：The appointment is for 10:30.約會定在十點半。We' ve invited our guests for 7 o.'我clockM請我們的客人7 點鐘來。We' ve booked our holiday for the second week in July.我們的假期安排在七月份的第二個星期。The next meeting was arranged for the tenth of May.下次會議已定于 5

23、月 10 日舉行?！居梅ㄕf明】用于此義時，for主要指安排或約定的時間，所以像下面兩例中的介詞at, in就不能換成for。如：He gets up at six every day.他每天 6 點鐘起床。He was born in September, 1988.他出生于 1988 年 9 月。用法18 :（表讓步）盡管，雖然。如：For all his money, he' s a very lonely man.他雖然富有，可是非常寂寞。For all his efforts, he didn' t succeed做了很多努力，卻仍然沒有成功。I love you, for all your shortcomings.盡管你有很多缺點，但我仍然愛你。【用法說明】用于此義時，