語法現(xiàn)在完成時講解以及練習(xí)題講義

1、現(xiàn)在完成時講解和習(xí)題鞏固1. 用法 動作發(fā)生在過去，影響到現(xiàn)在。2. 結(jié)構(gòu)have/has+done3. 標(biāo)志詞1）since和for Exercise: 用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _5 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _7 o'clock.5. India has been an indepen

2、dent country _1974. *since后接時間點(diǎn) for后接一段時間2） 表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗，一般譯為漢語“過”，常帶有twice, ever, never, three times等時間狀語。-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？-I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過長城。  *ever 和never。多用于否定或疑問句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。        3

3、） 副詞already和yet。We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。They haven't finished their homework yet.他們還沒有完成作業(yè)。*already一般用于肯定句中yet一般用于否定句和 疑問句中4） 表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語，如just, before, the past few years等。I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.  我以前見過她，但記不起在哪里見過。He has been there th

4、ree times the last few days.  近幾年他去過那里三次了。*4.特殊注意1）現(xiàn)在完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時間”的狀語連用, 表示動作或狀態(tài)從某一時刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：I haven't seen him for two years.  She has worked in the factory for 5 year.但是，像come, arrive, buy等終止性動詞不能與表示“一段時間”的狀語連用。要用，必須改為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞來表述。表示短暫意義的動詞如come,arrive, (來來)go,leave,

5、（去去） begin, start,（開始）borrow, buy,（借買） die（死）等，在完成時當(dāng)中不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用，因為它們表示的動作不可能持續(xù)。判斷句子：He has come here for 2 weeks. （ ） The old man has died for 4 years. （ ）They have left only for 5 minutes. （ ）以上三句話可以改為：He has been here for 2 weeks. The old man has _ _ for 4 years.They have _ _ only for 5 minute

6、s.現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：（1）.直接用延續(xù)性動詞 buy have；catch(get) a cold have a cold；borrowkeep；becomebe；put on- wear（2）.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞 join the army be a soldier；join the Party be a Party member；go to school be a student （3）轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞diebe dead；finish be over；beginbe on；leavebe away ； fall sleep be asleep ； c

7、lose be closed come to/ go to/arrive at(in)+某地 be in(at) +某地finish be over；   open  be； open             （4） .轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+介詞短語go to school be in school ； get up-be up；Exercise:He for three years. 他參軍三年了。His father for two years. 他父親去世二

8、年了。The film for ten minutes .電影已開始十分鐘了。We English for three years. 我們已經(jīng)學(xué)英語三年了。 2）have been(to)與have gone( to)的區(qū)別：They have been to Beijing twice.他們曾去過北京兩次。 He has gone to Beijing .  他已經(jīng)去北京了。*have been(to)有去有回 與once ,never, many times等連用have gone(to)有去無回4. 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別I lost my bag，yester

9、day.昨天我丟了書包。I have lost my bag ,and it is here now.我（過去）丟了書包，現(xiàn)在在這兒呢?，F(xiàn)在完成時過去發(fā)生，影響到現(xiàn)在一般過去時發(fā)生在過去（與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)）一、 單項選擇 1. Li Hong has _ the army for 2 years. A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in 2. You _ that question three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked alre

10、ady 3. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou _. A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago 4. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in 5. Mr. Black _ China in the summer of 1998. A. has been to B. been in C. has come to D. came to 6. His father _ f

11、or years. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies 7. _ you _ England? Yes, it _ a beautiful country. A. Will, gone to, was B.Have, been to, is C. Had, been to, is D.Have, gone to, is 8. -_ you _ to Beijing? -No, I _.I _ there early next month. A. Have, been, havent, am going B. Had, been, hadnt, am going C. Have, gone, havent, was going D. Did,go, didnt, was going 9. -You sister _ to London to study English. Is that true? -Yes , she _ there for two months. A. has been, has been B.