使役動(dòng)詞的用法及練習(xí)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上使役動(dòng)詞的用法及練習(xí) 英語中具有使役意義的動(dòng)詞較多,跟人們常常說的使役動(dòng)詞不是一個(gè)概念.通常我們說使役動(dòng)詞,指的是make, have, let這三個(gè)動(dòng)詞,它們在后接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)要省去不定式符號to的特定用法.但具有使役意義的動(dòng)詞數(shù)量上遠(yuǎn)不止這些,用法也較靈活,現(xiàn)將其分類敘述如下,以餉讀者.(注：英語動(dòng)詞意義豐富,在此僅限于“使役”意義.)1 使役動(dòng)詞have, let, make （常用于復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）1.1 have的用法1). have +賓語+省to不定式：表示主語“要”“使”“讓”賓語干某事,賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間是一種主動(dòng)關(guān)系.而且還可以與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will,

2、would連用,不用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu).The rich lady had the singer eat with his servants.I will have him come and help you.2). have+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞：表示讓某人或物連續(xù)進(jìn)行某動(dòng)作或處于某狀態(tài)中,賓語和賓補(bǔ)是一種主動(dòng)關(guān)系.亦可轉(zhuǎn)化為“勸說,鼓勵(lì)”賓語干某事.The two cheats had the lights burning all night long.He had us waiting for him three hours yesterday.I have them all talking to e

3、ach other in English. 我鼓勵(lì)他們用英語交談.3). have +賓語+過去分詞：表示主語的主觀意志,即主語讓別人為自己完成某事,賓語和賓補(bǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系.還可以表示主語遭受到來利或不測的事.Tom said he had had his TV set repaired.Tom had his wallet stolen on the bus yesterday.“別人”在句中一般不出現(xiàn),這是它與結(jié)構(gòu)1）的區(qū)別所在.試比較：Have you washed your clothes? 你洗了衣服了嗎?（自己洗）Have you had your clothes washed? 你

4、叫人洗了衣服了嗎?（別人洗）4). have+賓語+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語作賓補(bǔ)Please have your tickets ready.The Emperor had nothing on.I am sure Ill have him in the argument.1.2let的用法1). let +賓語+省to不定式：表示主語“要”“使”“讓”賓語干某事,賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間是一種主動(dòng)關(guān)系,罕用于被動(dòng)語態(tài).有時(shí)也可指一種假設(shè).let后不能接現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞作賓補(bǔ).Let them stay in the classroom and do their exercises themselve

5、s.Let AB be equal to CD. 假設(shè)AB等于CD.2). let+賓語+副詞/介詞短語作賓補(bǔ)Let me in and let them out.Who let you into the building?3make的用法1). make +賓語+省to不定式：表示主語“要”“使”“讓”賓語干某事,賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間是一種主動(dòng)關(guān)系.此結(jié)構(gòu)常用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu).make后不接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ).The teacher made the naughty boy stand there for an hour.The naughty boy was made to stand there for

6、an hour.2).make+賓語+過去分詞,此結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語指人時(shí)常用到反身代詞.He raised his voice to make himself heard.Can you easily make yourself understood in English?They will make an important plan known to the public soon.3). make+賓語+形容詞,賓語亦可是從句.The news made her happy.He made it clear that he objected to the proposal.2 “半使役動(dòng)詞”

7、amaze, astonish等“半使役動(dòng)詞”在英語語法上還是一個(gè)沒有被認(rèn)同的概念或術(shù)語,而只是認(rèn)可了其v-ing形式和v-ed形式作為形容詞使用.但這類詞匯數(shù)量較大,使用頻率高,業(yè)已成為學(xué)習(xí)和考查中的重點(diǎn),難點(diǎn),易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn),而且在教學(xué)一線已經(jīng)廣泛地被教師和學(xué)生所接受.半使役動(dòng)詞之所以得名,一則它們的意義都有“使某人感到”,再則是為了與具有特殊用法的使役動(dòng)詞let, have, make等區(qū)別開來.2.4常見的半使役動(dòng)詞amaze（使某人感到驚呀）, astonish（使某人感到驚奇）, bore（使某人感到厭倦）, complicate（使某人感到復(fù)雜）, confuse

8、（使某人感到迷惑）, disappoint （使某人感到失望）, delight（使某人感到高興）, discourage（使某人感到氣餒）,distinguish（使某人感到顯著）, excite （使某人感到興奮）, encourage（使某人感到鼓舞）, exhaust （使某人感到疲倦）, frighten（使某人感到恐懼）, interest （使某人感到有趣）, inspire（使某人感到刺激）, move（使某人感到激動(dòng)）, please（使某人感到高興）, puzzle（使某人感到不解）, satisfy（使某人感到滿

9、意）, surprise（使某人感到驚異）, shock（使某人感到震驚）, strike （使某人感到震動(dòng)）,tire（使某人感到疲憊）, upset （使某人感到迷惑不解）,等等.2.2半使役動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)式用法：something + Vt. + somebody如：What surprised him most was her bravery. His brave deeds moved China. The exam result satisfied his parents. The boys behavior upset everybody around.2.3半使

10、役動(dòng)詞有兩個(gè)或三個(gè)派生形容詞,一個(gè)加-ing,一個(gè)加-ed,有時(shí)還有一個(gè)加其他后綴構(gòu)成如：interest-interesting, interested; astonish-astonishing, astonished; please-pleasing, pleased, pleasant; satisfy-satisfying, satisfied, satisfactory.2.4半使役動(dòng)詞的v-ing和v-ed兩個(gè)分詞形容詞的用法也有規(guī)律一般而言,作定語時(shí),v-ing分詞形容詞修飾事物,v-ed分詞形容詞修飾人或者人的心理活動(dòng),表情等；作表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),v-ing分詞形

11、容詞指事；v-ed分詞形容詞指人或擬人用法.而且作表語的v-ed分詞后接事時(shí)常有一個(gè)介詞.如：The film we saw last night was very interesting.We were all interested in the film.The frightening hurricane made the girl very frightened.The teacher was satisfied with the answer of his students.3 使役意義狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞get, leave, set, send, keep, drive, etc.常用于復(fù)合結(jié)

12、構(gòu)中3.1get 使成為/變得某種狀態(tài)或結(jié)果（get的用法跟have很接近）I cant get the old radio to work. 我無法讓那舊收音機(jī)工作起來.（接帶to不定式作賓補(bǔ)）Can you really get that old car going again? 你真能讓那舊車運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)起來嗎?The farmer got his planting done before the rain came. 那農(nóng)民在雨季前完成了種植.He got his wrist broken. 他折斷了手腕.（主語發(fā)生了不幸的事）She soon got the children ready f

13、or school. 她迅速使孩子們做好了上學(xué)準(zhǔn)備.3.2leave 使保持/處于某種狀態(tài)Leave your hat and coat in the hall. 把帽子和外套放在大廳里.Did you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened? 你把門窗緊緊鎖上了嗎?Always leave things where you can find them again. 總應(yīng)把東西放在能再次找到的地方.Who left that window open? 誰讓窗戶開著?Dont leave him waiting outside in the rai

14、n. 別讓他在外面雨中等待.Leave somebody / something alone. 不要干涉某人或某事.Leave well alone. 事情已經(jīng)夠好了,不要再去管它了./ 不要畫蛇添足.3.3set 使某人或某物處于或達(dá)到某種特殊的狀態(tài)或關(guān)系set somebody at his ease 使某人安逸/舒適/心情放松set something in order 使某物井然有序set somebody free / at liberty 使某人獲得自由,釋放（犯人等）Its time we set the machine going. 是我們發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)器的時(shí)候了.The news s

15、et me thinking. 這消息使我陷入了沉思.He set the farm laborer to chop wood. 他讓農(nóng)場工人去砍伐木材.I have set myself to finish the job by the end of May.我決心于五月底前完成那工作.set a thief to catch a thief. 以毒攻毒；令賊捉賊3.4 send 使某人或某物急劇地移動(dòng)The earthquake sent the crockery and cutlery crashing to the ground. 地震將杯盤刀叉震落在地上.Mind how you g

16、o- you nearly sent me flying. 小心點(diǎn),你差點(diǎn)將我撞飛了.Send that fellow about his business / packing. 叫那家伙滾蛋.The good harvest sent the prices down. 豐收使物價(jià)下跌.3.5drive 使某人處于某狀態(tài),迫使某人做某事Failure drove him to despair / desperation. 失敗使他絕望.Youll drive me mad / to my wits end. 你會(huì)把我氣瘋的./ 你會(huì)使我窮盡應(yīng)付的.Hunger drove him to ste

17、al. = He was driven by hunger to steal. 他為饑餓所迫而偷竊.3.6keep 使某人或某物保持某種狀態(tài)You should keep the children quiet. 你要使孩子們靜下來.The cold weather kept us indoors. 寒冷的天氣使我們待在家里.If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets. 如果你手冷,把它們放在口袋里.Will they keep me in prison / custody. 他們會(huì)監(jiān)禁/拘留我嗎?Im sorry Ive kept you

18、 waiting. 很報(bào)歉讓你久等了.The doctors managed to keep me going. 醫(yī)生們設(shè)法讓我活下去.4 使役意義動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞4.1cause 致使,導(dǎo)致（能接直接賓語,雙賓語,復(fù)合賓語）What caused his death? 什么導(dǎo)致了他的死亡?This has caused us much anxiety. 這給我們帶來了極大的憂慮.What caused the plants to die.（=what made them die.）什么使得這些植物枯死.He caused the prisoner to be put to death. (=he h

19、ad them put to death.)他使得這些犯人被處死.4.2force 迫使,強(qiáng)迫 （賓語后常接介詞短語、副詞及不定式等）force ones way through a crowd 從人群中擠出一條路來.force a way in / out / through 沖入/出/過force an entry into a building 強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入一建筑force the war upon him 強(qiáng)迫某人作戰(zhàn)force someone into doing something 強(qiáng)迫某人做某事force sb./ oneself to work hard 迫使某人/自己努力工作英語

20、中使役動(dòng)詞的用法較復(fù)雜,上面僅就常見常用類作一小結(jié),以供大家參考,還有一些類型可能未被總結(jié)出來,初中部分一have let make 為重使役動(dòng)詞練習(xí)一 、單項(xiàng)選擇 1I have heard both teachers and students _well of him. A to speak    B spoken    C to have spoken

21、    D speak  2They are going to have the  serviceman_ an electric fan. A install    B to install    C to be installed    D installed 3T

22、heyll have you _if you dont pay your taxes. A to be arrested    B arrest    C arrested    D being arrested 4They know her very well. They ha

23、d seen her _upA grow     B grew  C was growing    D to grow  5Is this fridge_you wish to have _? A the one, it repaired      B tha

24、t, repaired it   C the one, repaired       D which, repaired  6When visiting a foreign country, I sometimes found it difficult _. A  making understand

25、 me     B  to make myself understood  C  to make myself understand  7-Good morning, Can I help you?  -Id like to have this package _，madamA  be&#

26、160;weighed    B to be weighed    C to weigh    D weighed 8The speaker raised his voice but still could not make himself _. A hear     

27、B having heard    C hearing     D heard  9Jane was made to _the truck for a week as a punishment. A to wash     B washing    

28、C to be washing    D wash  10The missing boys were last seen _near the river. A playing    B to be playing    C play    D playing 

29、 11The police were told that some boys were seen _on the street. A playing   B to be playing    C play    D  to playing  12Paul doesnt have 

30、to be made _.He always works hard. A to learn    B learn    C learned    D learning  13.Ellen was absent this morning, she had her teeth _.&

31、#160;A filling    B filled   C to fill    D fill14The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see _the next door. A  carry out  B  car

32、rying out    C  carried out    D  to carry out 15If you want to buy an expensive camera,  we have several models _. A  to be chosen    B

33、60;to choose from    C  to choose    D  for choosing  16The examiner made us _our identification in order to be admitted to the text center. A showing

34、   B show    C showed    D to show 17We were told to have our reading room _after school. A  clean     B  to clean    C  cleaning&

35、#160;   D  cleaned     18They made a fire _up the room, as soon as their leader came back. A  warm    B  warmed    C  to warm   &#

36、160;D  warming  19I often noticed the boy _school alone very soon. A leave    B left    C leaving    D to notice  20.The peoples government does

37、 it best to having the living standard of the people _. A  risen   B  raise   C  rise    D  raised  21-Your brother looks tired, Whats wrong with

38、 him ? -Well, thats because his boss had him _all day. A  works    B  to work    C working    D  worked  22.Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith 

39、will suggest a good way to have her written English _in a short period. A  improved    B  improving    C  to improve    D  improve  23Did you

40、0;notice the little boy _away? A  took the candy and run    B  taking the candy and run C  take the candy and run    D  when taking and running&#

41、160; 24 I smell something _in the kitchen, can I call you back in a minute?  A  burning    B  burnt    C being burnt    D  to be burnt二、用所給動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空  1  He didnt pass the exam.I found him _(frustrate) 2 I like my Chinese teacher. He always makes his