英語單詞詞性和句子成分分析

1、.英語語法學(xué)習(xí)的秘訣英語語法學(xué)習(xí)的秘訣.詞類詞類作用作用例例 詞詞1. (n.) 名詞名詞表示人或事表示人或事物的名稱。物的名稱。I bought a book .She is a student.2. (pron.)代詞代詞代替名詞、代替名詞、數(shù)詞等。數(shù)詞等。This is my friend. He likes that book becauseit is very useful to him. Parts of Speech3. (art.) 冠詞冠詞用來限制名用來限制名詞的意義詞的意義I have a pet dog . The dog is very lovely. He is an

2、 old man but very strong.4. (adj.)形容詞形容詞表示人表示人或事物或事物的特征的特征或性狀?；蛐誀?。He is small but he is clever. The red pen is useful for the teacher. He painted the wall white yesterday.5. (num.)數(shù)詞數(shù)詞表示數(shù)表示數(shù)目或順目或順序。序。There are ten apples on the table and I will take the first one.6. (v.) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)表示動(dòng)作或狀作或狀態(tài)。態(tài)。We are w

3、orking hard at English.I want to become an engineer.7. (adv.)副副 詞詞表示動(dòng)作表示動(dòng)作的特征或的特征或性狀特征。性狀特征。I like English very much.The teacher treats us kindly .The train goes fast. He seldom comes to see us. 8. (prep.)介介 詞詞表示名詞、表示名詞、代詞和其代詞和其他詞之間他詞之間的關(guān)系。的關(guān)系。He usually stay at home on Sundays.9. (conj.) 連詞連詞連接詞與連接

4、詞與詞或句與詞或句與句的作用。句的作用。He and I are in the same class and we are good friends. Two or three of us can dance well but I cant .10. (interj.)感嘆詞感嘆詞表示強(qiáng)烈表示強(qiáng)烈的感情的感情Oh ! How beautiful the scene is! What a good idea! Goodness !.動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞的的分分類類連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞實(shí)意動(dòng)詞實(shí)意動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞是英語句子的核心！動(dòng)詞是英語句子的核心！.一、

5、主語一、主語主語（主語（subject）：）：句子說明的人或事物。句子說明的人或事物。主語一般位于主語一般位于_ 。1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.句首句首. 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired.二、謂語二、

6、謂語謂語謂語:說明主語說明主語做什么做什么或或怎么樣怎么樣。通常由。通常由_ 充當(dāng)充當(dāng).動(dòng)詞常分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞常分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞,情情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和和助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語,必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語.They can speak English well.They are playing over there.1）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞，用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞，用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞一詞He is a teacher. 2）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞，用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀

7、況）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞，用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stayHe always kept silent at meeting. 他開會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。他開會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞.3）表像系動(dòng)詞，用來表示）表像系動(dòng)詞，用來表示看起來像看起來像這一概念，主要這一概念，主要有有seem, appear, look, 例如：例如：He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad.4）感官系動(dòng)詞，主要有）感官系動(dòng)詞，主要有feel, smell, sound, tasteThis flower smells ver

8、y sweet. .5）變化系動(dòng)詞，表示主語變成什么樣，主要有）變化系動(dòng)詞，表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, comeHe became mad after that. 6）終止系動(dòng)詞，表示主語已終止動(dòng)作，主要有）終止系動(dòng)詞，表示主語已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove, turn outThe rumor proved false. 這謠言證實(shí)有假。這謠言證實(shí)有假。His plan turned out a success. 他的計(jì)劃終于成功了。他的計(jì)劃終于成功了。.三、賓語三、賓語賓語賓語：動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象，說明主語做什么。一：動(dòng)作行為的

9、對(duì)象，說明主語做什么。一般放在般放在_或或_后面后面.1.We study English. 2.Our teacher said that he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.雙賓語雙賓語：指人的是間接賓語，指物的是直接賓語。：指人的是間接賓語，指物的是直接賓語。 He gave me two books.及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞介詞介詞.表語表語：跟在連系動(dòng)詞后面的詞語或從句：跟在連系動(dòng)詞后面的詞語或從句,用用來說明主語的身份來說明主語的身份,特征特征,狀態(tài)狀態(tài).The trees turn green.The flower is beauti

10、ful .四、表語四、表語.定語：用來修飾定語：用來修飾_. This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. Every student has an English book.五、定語五、定語名詞名詞.狀語：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全狀語：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、因果、句，說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、因果

11、、條件、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。條件、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。 六、狀語六、狀語.John often came to chat with me( ) As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday. ( )She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. ( )My father worked in this school ten years ago.( )Though he is young, he knows a lot.( )He came running.( )程度，目的程度，目的地點(diǎn)，

12、伴隨地點(diǎn)，伴隨地點(diǎn)，時(shí)間地點(diǎn)，時(shí)間讓步讓步方式方式原因原因. 補(bǔ)語是用于補(bǔ)充說明主語或賓語的身份或補(bǔ)語是用于補(bǔ)充說明主語或賓語的身份或特征。特征。七、補(bǔ)語七、補(bǔ)語Everyone calls him Jack. （賓補(bǔ)）（賓補(bǔ)）He is called Jack.（主補(bǔ)）（主補(bǔ)）. 同位語是位于名詞或代詞后面的個(gè)別名詞同位語是位于名詞或代詞后面的個(gè)別名詞或名詞詞組，對(duì)前者進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明或名詞詞組，對(duì)前者進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明 The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends

13、.八、同位語八、同位語. 時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)將來完成時(shí)將來完成時(shí)will dowould dodo / does didis / am / are doingwas / were doinghas / have donehad donehas / have been doinghad been doing will have done. 時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般將來時(shí)

14、一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)將來完成時(shí)將來完成時(shí)will be donewould be doneis/am/are donewas/were doneis/am/are being donewas/were being donehas/have been donehad been donewill have been done.1. The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2. He likes

15、 dancing. （ ）3. Two will be enough.( ) 4. Seeing is believing. （ ） 6. To see is to believe. （ ） 7. When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet. ( )8. What he needs is a book. （ ）9. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （ ）名詞名詞代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞不定式不定式疑問詞疑問詞+不定式不定式從句從句It作

16、形式主語，作形式主語，that從句是真正的主語從句是真正的主語. 當(dāng)當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句在某個(gè)句子在某個(gè)句子中作主語時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，中作主語時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用避免頭重腳輕，因此常用it作形式主語作形式主語置置于于句首句首，而將真正的主語放在句尾。此時(shí)，而將真正的主語放在句尾。此時(shí)it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無詞義。只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無詞義。什么情況下用什么情況下用it作形式主語？作形式主語？. 你能劃出下列句子的真正的主語嗎你能劃出下列句子的真正的主語嗎?你懂得翻你懂得翻譯下列句子嗎？譯下列句子嗎？1) It is wrong

17、 to tell a lie. ( ) 2) It is no use arguing about it. ( ) 3) It is uncertain who will come.( ) 說謊是錯(cuò)誤的。說謊是錯(cuò)誤的。爭(zhēng)吵是沒用的。爭(zhēng)吵是沒用的。誰要來還不確定。誰要來還不確定。.1.She lived a happy life.( )2.I love you.( )3.We need two.( )4.Do you mind my opening the door?( )5.He began to learn English a year ago.( )6.He did not know wh

18、at to say.( )7.Did you write down what she said? ( )8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them. ( )名詞名詞代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞不定式不定式疑問詞疑問詞+不定式不定式從句從句It作形式賓語，不定式是真正的賓語作形式賓語，不定式是真正的賓語. He is a teacher. ( ) My idea is this.( ) She was the first to arrive.( ) I feel much better today./I must be off now. (

19、 ) He is out of danger.( ) The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.( )1. What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.( )名詞名詞代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞從句從句形容詞形容詞/副詞副詞介詞短語介詞短語分詞分詞. Its a red car.( ) They live in the room above.( ) My brother is a teacher.( ) We belong to the third world.( ) Lu

20、cys father is a poor worker.( ) Mother made a birthday cake for me.( ) The man under the tree is my teacher.( )1.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother. ( )形容詞形容詞副詞副詞代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞名詞所有格名詞所有格名詞名詞介詞短語介詞短語現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞. I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have

21、 a good time at home. ( ) There are two things to be discussed today. ( ) Will you tell us about your teaching plan? ( )9.This is the very book that I need. ( )過去分詞過去分詞不定式不定式動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞從句從句. He is often late for class.( ) We saw that picture at the cinema.( ) He sat there smoking.( ) They returned tired

22、and hungry. ( ) They did everything they could to save the boys life. ( ) Although he is young, he knows a lot. ( )1. The box is so heavy that I cant lift it. ( )副詞，程度副詞，程度介詞短語，地點(diǎn)介詞短語，地點(diǎn)分詞，伴隨分詞，伴隨不定式，目的不定式，目的形容詞，狀態(tài)形容詞，狀態(tài)讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watchin

23、g TV. ( ) He was angry because we were late( )9. If it rains tomorrow, we wont go out.( ) 時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句原因狀語從句原因狀語從句條件狀語從句條件狀語從句.形容詞形容詞名詞名詞介詞短語介詞短語過去分詞過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞省略掉省略掉to的不定式的不定式不定式不定式.英語句子的種類英語句子的種類簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句 (compound sentence)復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 (complex sentence).英語簡(jiǎn)單句的英語簡(jiǎn)單句的五五 種種 基基 本本 句句

24、 型型.英語五種基本句型列式如下：英語五種基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一基本句型一: (主謂主謂) 基本句型二基本句型二: (主系表主系表) 基本句型三基本句型三: (主謂賓主謂賓) 基本句型四基本句型四: (主謂間賓直賓主謂間賓直賓) 基本句型五基本句型五: (主謂賓賓補(bǔ)主謂賓賓補(bǔ)).基本句型一基本句型一 主謂主謂 （S + V） S + V She cooks. He is working. What he said does not matter. The pen writes smoothly.基本句型一基本句型一 主謂主謂SVShecooksHeis workingWhat he saiddoes not matter.The penwrites smoothly.基本句型二基本句型二 主系表主系表 S+V+P He is happy. Every thing looks nice. His face turned red.基本句型二基本句型二 主系表主系表SVPHeishappy.Everythinglooksnice. His facetu