中考英語專題教案---非謂語動(dòng)詞

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專題 非謂語動(dòng)詞一、 不定式不定式由“ to 動(dòng)詞原形” 構(gòu)成， 其否定形式是在 to 前加not。 在句子中，不定式可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。I want to go to the movies. 我想去看電影。I will tell him .我會(huì)告訴他不要看電視。. 不定式作主語不定式在句中作主語時(shí)，如果不定式短語較長，為了避免頭重腳輕，常用 it 作形式主語。 以 it 作形式主語的常見句型有以下幾種：It takes（ took） sb some time to do sth.某人花費(fèi)多長時(shí)間做某事。It took us one hour 我們花

2、了一個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間才到達(dá)那里。It is adj. for sb to do sth.做某事對某人來說是的。It is necessary for you when you do not use it.不用車的時(shí)候鎖車是必要的。It is adj. of sb to do sth. 某人做某事真是（ 該句型中的形容詞常常是 kind， nice， good， honest， polite， rude， careful，careless，wise，foolish，stupid 等，用來說明人的性質(zhì)、特征） 。Its very foolish of me to trust him. 我真傻啊，竟然相

3、信他。. 不定式作賓語能接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞很多。 常見的有 want，ask，hope，afford，try，agree，decide，expect，happen，manage 等。 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，常用 it 作形式賓語。He hopes to get a good job in the city.他希望在城市里找到一份好的工作。I find it interesting . 我發(fā)現(xiàn)下棋很有趣。. 不定式作定語不定式在句中作定語時(shí)，通常放在所修飾詞的后面。Do you have anything to say？ 你有什么要說的嗎？He has no house to

4、live in. 他沒有房子住。She has enough money . 她有足夠的錢買臺(tái)電腦。注意：如果作定語的不定式中動(dòng)詞是不及物的，后面要有相應(yīng)的介詞。. 不定式作狀語不定式在句中作狀語，多表示目的、原因、結(jié)果等。To catch up with others，he works hard day and night.為了能趕上其他人，他日夜辛苦地工作。（ 目的狀語）Im very excited to hear the good news.聽到這個(gè)好消息我很興奮。 （ 原因狀語）He is old enough to go to school.他夠大了，可以上學(xué)了。 （ 結(jié)果狀語）.

5、 不定式作補(bǔ)足語不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，實(shí)際上句子的賓語就是不定式的邏輯主語。 主動(dòng)句中感官動(dòng)詞、使役動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式要省去 to，help 后作補(bǔ)語的不定式，to 可省可不省。She asked me to open the window. 她讓我打開窗戶。His mother made him yesterday.昨天，他媽媽讓他待在家里。Lucy often helps me（to）do my homework.露茜經(jīng)常幫助我做家庭作業(yè)。. 不定式與疑問詞連用疑問詞 what， which， who， whom， how， when， where， whether 等，可以和不定式連用

6、，一起作動(dòng)詞的賓語。 它們常用在 know，wonder，ask，tell，decide 等動(dòng)詞的后面，該結(jié)構(gòu)也可在句中作主語或表語。I dont know next. 我不知道下一步該做什么。The problem is how to get to the hotel.問題是怎樣到那個(gè)旅館去。二、 分詞分詞有現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。 分詞（ 短語） 有形容詞或副詞的作用，在句中可用作定語、表語、補(bǔ)語、狀語等成分。. 分詞作定語單個(gè)分詞一般作前置定語，分詞短語作定語一般后置；現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)的行為、性質(zhì)或行為所造成的結(jié)果或狀態(tài)等。The sleeping b

7、oy is my neighbor.s son.正在睡覺的那個(gè)男孩是我鄰居的兒子。The room was full of people .房間里擠滿了等候校長的人們。We need more trained nurses.我們需要更多的受過培訓(xùn)的護(hù)士。Things seen from behind seem a little different.從背后看到的東西顯得稍有不同。. 分詞作表語分詞用作表語時(shí)，已經(jīng)基本形容詞化，可以被 very，rather 等副詞修飾，而且可以有比較等級。The story of his life sounds（ very） interesting.他的生平故事

8、聽起來很有趣。He felt thoroughly broken down. 他覺得身體徹底垮了。This cup is broken. How about that one？這個(gè)杯子是破的，那個(gè)怎么樣？. 分詞作補(bǔ)足語分詞多作表示感覺、 使役的動(dòng)詞， 如 see， watch， hear， feel，smell，notice，find，have，get，leave，keep 等的補(bǔ)足語。I saw him talking with the doctor. 我看見他在跟醫(yī)生講話。He kept the machine running for ten hours.他讓機(jī)器一直轉(zhuǎn)了 個(gè)小時(shí)。We

9、have never seen the mountain covered in snow.我們從未見那座山被雪覆蓋過。. 分詞作狀語分詞用作狀語，具有多種語義， 可以表示時(shí)間、 方式、 伴隨、原因、條件等。 a noise，they stopped talking.聽到喧鬧聲，他們便停止了談話。 （ 時(shí)間狀語）She sat there reading a newspaper.她坐在那里看報(bào)紙。 （ 伴隨狀語）Deeply moved，she couldnt say a word.她深受感動(dòng)，一句話也說不出來。 （ 原因狀語）三、 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語具有名詞的功能， 在句中可用作多種名詞

10、性成分。. 動(dòng)名詞作主語跟不定式一樣，動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)常用 it 作形式主語，而將動(dòng)名詞置于句末。Swimming in the sea is his favorite sport.在大海里游泳是他最喜愛的運(yùn)動(dòng)。Saying so much is useless. （ It is useless saying so much. ）說這么多沒有用處。. 動(dòng)名詞作表語動(dòng)名詞用作表語表示主語是什么，而不表示主語的性質(zhì)或特征如何。My greatest pleasure is traveling. 我最大的樂趣就是旅游。One of his bad habits is biting nails.他的一個(gè)

11、壞習(xí)慣是咬手指甲。. 動(dòng)名詞作賓語動(dòng)名詞可以作動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語。 只接動(dòng)名詞不接不定式作賓語 的 動(dòng) 詞 有 enjoy， finish， keep， mind， miss， practise， suggest等。She enjoys to the cinema. 她喜愛看電影。He practised playing the piano every day then.那時(shí)他天天練習(xí)彈鋼琴。After finishing my work，I took a short rest.干完活后，我休息了一小會(huì)兒。They drove into town without talking to each

12、other.他們開車進(jìn)城，一路上彼此默默無言。. 動(dòng)名詞作定語動(dòng)名詞作定語時(shí)不帶附加成分，通常前置，表示該名詞所表示的事物的用途。swimming pool 游泳池 teaching building 教學(xué)樓working conditions 工作條件 sleeping bag 睡袋walking stick 拐杖 reading room 閱讀室易混易錯(cuò)清單、不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別（） 動(dòng)名詞做主語往往表示普通的、一般的行為，不定式做主語常表示某次具體的行為。 不定式（ 或不定式短語） 作主語時(shí)常用“ it” 來代替，稱為形式主語，真正主語（ 不定式） 放在句尾。如：Collectin

13、g information about children.s health is his job. 收集有關(guān)兒童健康的信息是他的工作。It.s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher.與一位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老師討論這個(gè)問題是有必要的。（） 常用不定式做主語的句型有：Its difficult （ important， necessary） for sb. to do . . . Its kind （ good， friendly， polite， careless， rude， cruel，clever， foolish

14、， brave） of sb. to do . . .（） 常用動(dòng)名詞做主語的句型有：Its no good （ use， fun） doing . . .It is a waste of time . . .、不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語的區(qū)別stopto do停下來去做做另一件事doing停止做 停止正做的事forgetto do忘記要去做某事 未做doing忘記做過某事 已做過rememberto do記住去做 還未做doing記得做過 已做regretto do對要做的事遺憾 未做doing對做過的事遺憾 已做tryto do努力去做 未做doing試著做meanto dog打算 想做doin

15、意味著go onto do繼續(xù)去做做另外一件事情doing接著做原先沒做完的事例句：They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他們停下來，抽了根煙。I must stop smoking. 我必須戒煙了。Don.t forget to come tomorrow. 別忘了明天來。He forgot turning the light off. 他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。Remember to go to the post office after school. 記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。Don.t you remember seeing the man before？ 你不記得以

16、前見過那個(gè)人嗎？I regret to tell you that you can.t pass the examination. 我很遺憾地通知你你不能通過這次考試。I regret disturbing you so long. 我很抱歉打擾了你那么久。Please try to finish this work in thirty minutes. 請盡量在 分鐘完成這項(xiàng)工作。Why didn.t you try riding a bike to go to school？ 為什么不試著騎車去學(xué)校呢？I meant to give you this book today， but I f

17、orgot. 我本來打算今天給你這本書的，可是我忘了。Missing this train means waiting for another hour. 錯(cuò)過這輛火車意味著你得再等一小時(shí)。、動(dòng)詞不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別（） see， watch， hear， feel， notice，have 等動(dòng)詞既可跟不帶to 的不定式做賓補(bǔ)，也可跟現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)。 跟不帶 to 的不定式做賓補(bǔ)表事情全過程或一次性動(dòng)作；跟現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行。 如：I heard her sing an English song just now. 剛才我聽見她唱了一首英文歌。I heard her singi

18、ng an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天經(jīng)過她房間時(shí)，我聽見她在唱英文歌。、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別（） 語態(tài)上不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的意思，而過去分詞多由及物動(dòng)詞變來，表示被動(dòng)的意思。 如：an exciting story 一個(gè)令人興奮的故事（ 主動(dòng)）the excited listeners 激動(dòng)的聽眾（ 被動(dòng)，即被引起激動(dòng)的）a moving film 一部感動(dòng)人的影片。a moved audience 受感動(dòng)的觀眾（） 時(shí)間關(guān)系上不同：一般說來，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作往往正在進(jìn)行，而過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作，往往已經(jīng)

19、完成。 如：the changing world 正在變化著的世界the changed world 已經(jīng)起了變化的世界developing countries 發(fā)展中國家developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國家、have sb. do sth. ；have sb. doing；have sth. done 辨析（） have sb.do sth.“ have sb. （ 賓語） do sth. （ 賓語補(bǔ)足語） ” 意為“ 讓 叫 使某人做某事” 。 此結(jié)構(gòu)中的 have 是使役動(dòng)詞，sb. 作賓語，其后的 do sth. 是省去 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 如：I.ll ha

20、ve someone repair the bike for you. 我會(huì)讓人為你修理自行車的。（） have sb. sth. doing“ have sb. sth. （ 賓語） 現(xiàn)在分詞（ 賓語補(bǔ)足語） ” 意為“ 叫 讓 使某人做某事或讓某種情況發(fā)生” 。 賓語 sb. sth. 后面用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。 如：Don.t have the dog barking much. 別讓狗狂吠不停。（） have sth. done“ have sth. （ 賓語） 過去分詞（ 賓語補(bǔ)足語） ” 意為“ 讓 叫 使 請別人做某事

21、” 。 賓語 sth. 后面用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，說明 sth. 與過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 如：He has had his hair cut. 他（ 請人給他） 理發(fā)了。、含 doing 的常用短語（） have difficulty trouble problem fun a good time （ in） doing（） feel like doing would like to do 想要做某事（） spend time （ in） doing sth 花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事（） go doing 表示“ 從事某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)” 。（） be busy doing 忙著做（） make

22、a contribution to doing 為作貢獻(xiàn)（） devote to doing 致力于（） look forward to doing 期待（） prefer doing to doing 兩者更喜歡（） be used to doing 習(xí)慣于、辨別謂與非謂先看四個(gè)答案：如果四個(gè)答案分別為動(dòng)詞原形、 不定式、 現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞等情況，那么這個(gè)題多半是非謂語動(dòng)詞題?！?例 】（ ·四川內(nèi)江· ） He hurried back home _his schoolbag.A. fetched B. to fetchC. fetching D. fetches【

23、解析】 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。 這里是用不定式作目的狀語，構(gòu)成：他匆忙回家去取書包。 所以選擇答案 B?！?答案】 B【 例 】（ ·浙江杭州· ） Shes not strong enough _walking up mountains.A. to go B. goingC. go D. went【 解析】本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。 不定式 to go 做結(jié)果狀語，由句意“ 她還沒足夠強(qiáng)壯到可以去爬山” 。 be enough to do sth 是固定句型，足夠達(dá)到什么程度做某事?！?答案】 A、熟記習(xí)慣搭配學(xué)習(xí)非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要記住哪些動(dòng)詞后面用動(dòng)詞不定式，哪些動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)名詞

24、，同時(shí)也要熟記使用非謂語動(dòng)詞的常用句型。這樣遇到有關(guān)問題就會(huì)迎刃而解?！?例 】（·江蘇無錫·） Dont throw away the waste paper. It needs _so that it can be reused.A. to destroy B. destroyingC. to collecting D. collecting【 解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。 need doing sth，固定用法，需要做某事。【 答案】 D【 例 】（ · 上 海 · ） The retired couple enjoy photos. They alwa

25、ys go out with their cameras.A. take B. tookC. to take D. taking【 解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。 enjoy doing sth， 固定用法，喜歡做某事?！?答案】 D中考真題演練. At times， parents find it difficult with their teenage children.A. talk B. talked C. talking D. to talk. Paul made a nice cage the little sick bird till it could fly.A. keep B. ke

26、pt C. keeping D. to keep. Im sleepy. I prefer at home to going out for a walk.A. sleeping B. to sleep C. slept D. sleep. I prefer some shopping to camping since the weather isnt lovely.A. do；going B. doing；go C. do；go D. doing；going. We must do everything we can our earth cleaner and safer.A. made B

27、. to making C. make D. to make. Why not John a toy car for his birthday？Good idea！ He is crazy about cars.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys.Is Tom in the next room？Well，it.s hard to say. But I heard him loudly when I passed by just now.A. speak B. to speak C. spoken D. speaking. Some parents prefer

28、 the wall blue for their children them a feeling of harmony.A. to paint；to give B. painting；givingC. to paint；giving D. painting；to give. Janes mother preferred TV at home to to the concert.A. to watch；go B. watching；goingC. watching；go D. to watch；going. It.s very nice you my parents your best wish

29、es.A. of；sending B. of；to sendC. for；to send D. for；sending. They said sorry to me，but I wouldnt listen.It is foolish of you others for their mistakes.A. forgive B. not forgiveC. to forgive D. not to forgive. Why not an English club to practice English？A. join；speaking B. to join；speakingC. join；to

30、speak D. to join；to speak中考真題演練. Our teacher often asks us questions in groups.A. discuss B. to discuss C. discussing D. discussed. Mary called and asked her husband home at once，because she locked their daughter in the home.A. to leave B. leave C. go D. to go. Vocabulary is important to language le

31、arning. Therefore，youd better try different ways you can think of words and expressions.A. remember B. to remember C. remembering D. remembered. The boy is often heard in the music room. He sings very well.A. practice singing B. to practice singing C. practiced singing. The children decide their sch

32、ool yard this Friday afternoon.A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned. He lost his key. It made him in the cold to wait for his wifes return.A. to stay B. stayed C. stays D. stay. Even Tonys granddaughter, a five-year-old girl，asked him smoking.A. give up B. gave up C. to give up D. giving up.

33、Lucy is shy. She would not invite her classmates dancing with her.A. practice B. practices C. practicing D. to practice. I didnt hear you come in just now.Thats good. We tried any noise，for you were sleeping.A. not make B. not to make C. to make D. making. Jessicas parents always encourage her out h

34、er opinions.A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. will speak. Driving less，walking more is good for our health.So Id rather an hours walk to work than consider a car.A. take；drive B. take；to driveC. take；driving D. taking；driving. He promised his old friend during his stay in Tianjin.A. see B. seeing

35、C. saw D. to see. honest is the first thing people should learn.A. Being B. Look C. Be D. Become. Would you mind in the dining hall？Of course not.A. not to smoke B. not smokingC. smoke D. not smoke. Lets for a walk，shall we？A. to go B. going C. go D. gone. Why dont you go out to play，Rose？Im afraid

36、I cant. I have much homework .A. do B. does C. doing D. to do. Mr. Li asks the students in the river，because its too dangerous.A. swim B. to swim C. not to swim D. to not swim. Its nice of you me with my maths.A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped. You need to take notes at the meeting so make sur

37、e a pen and some paper with you.A. bring B. bringing C. to bring D. not bring. Tom often makes his brother butyesterday he was made by his brother.A. cry；to cry B. to cry；cryC. cry；cry D. to cry；to cryA 組中考模擬基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練題組. What bad weather it was！ We decided .A. to go out B. not to go out C. to not go out

38、D. not going out. It is very important for us English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learned. I have finished this book. You can take it away.A. to read B. read C. reading D. reads. The teacher told her students in public.A. not to shout B. not shouting C. not shout D. to not shout. There

39、is no difference between the two words. I really dont know .A. to choose which B. which to chooseC. to which choose D. to choose. Let him a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.A. have B. to have C. make D. to make. Could you give me a hand，please？Sure. What would you like me ？A. do B.

40、 done C. doing D. to do. Can you show me an email？A. send B. how to send C. how send to D. to send. Mother makes me my homework every day before I can play video games.A. finish B. finished C. finishing D. to finish. I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhangs home just now.Yes，she is often seen the old man wi

41、th his housework.A. help B. to help C. helps D. helping. Listen！ Can you hear a baby ？A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried. Our teacher did what she could us with English.A. help B. helped C. helping D. to help. What are you busy these days？Nothing much.A. doing B. do C. to do D. done.Its too hot. Wo

42、uld you mind the door？Of course not. Go ahead！A. me to open B. I to openC. me opening D. I openingB 組中考模擬提優(yōu)訓(xùn)練題組. Do you like Zhou Libos talk show？Yes. His talk show is very funny. It always makes peopleA. laugh B. laughed C. laughing D. to laugh. Why is Linlin practicing speaking English？ abroad for

43、 further study.A. Go B. Gone C. To go D. Goes. My parents often tell me too much junkfood because its bad for my health.A. not eating B. not to eat C. eating D. to eat. It was time for class. Mr. King asked all the children down quietly.A. sit B. sat C. to sit D. sitting. Excuse me. Could you tell m

44、e get to the nearest post office？Sorry，I am new here.A. how can I B. how I couldC. how to D. what I can. Excuse me. Could you please tell me my car？Sure. Park it right here. I.ll help you.A. how to stop B. where to parkC. where to stop D. when to park.I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What

45、 about you？I havent decided where .A. go B. went C. going D. to go. Would you like camping with me？I.d like to. But I.m busy my homework.A. to go；to do B. to go；doingC. going；to do D. going；doing. When I walked past the park，I saw some old people Chinese Taiji.A. do B. did C. doing D. are doing. Our

46、 English teacher does what he can us improve our English.A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped. Whenever you have a chance English, you should take it.A. speak B. to speak C. spoke D. speaks. Why are you so excited？Peter invited me on a trip to Yuntai Mountain.A. to go B. go C. going D. went. The

47、book is well worth . I plan one.A. read；to buy B. reading；buying C. reading；to buy. When people want to relax themselves，they prefer TV or listen to music rather than newspapers.A. watching；read B. watching；to readC. to watch；read D. to watch；reading. Boys and girls，attention，please. Now let me tell

48、 you to the Bird Island.A. how to get B. what to getC. whom to get D. where to get. I saw Li Ming near the river on my way home.A. plays B. playing C. to play D. played. The first South Korean female president， Park Geunhye（樸槿惠）promised her best to serve people.A. do B. doing C. did D. to do. Newspapers say that so far HN （ 禽流感） has caused several people .A. die B. to die C. dying D. died. Diana used on the right of the road in China, but she soon got used on the left in New Zealand.A. to drive；driving B. to drive；to driveC. to