二模任務(wù)型讀寫

1、任務(wù)型閱讀專項講解2009年安徽省高考英語考試增加了一個新的題型任務(wù)型讀寫。任務(wù)型讀寫的題型設(shè)計突出語篇，強調(diào)應(yīng)用。任務(wù)型讀寫的題型結(jié)構(gòu)為一篇300左右的短文和表格，要求考生對文中的有效信息進行篩選、整合和綜合概括，而后準(zhǔn)確、有序地完成表格的空缺，在每個空格里填寫恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。這體現(xiàn)出了新課改增加客觀表達題的努力。據(jù)考試說明中的范例，表格一般是文章的整體行文結(jié)構(gòu)，包括標(biāo)題、段落大意、文章細(xì)節(jié)，結(jié)論等部分。此類新題型旨在考查考生綜合運用語言的能力，要求考生在閱讀所給短文的基礎(chǔ)上，對短文的有效信息進行提煉、整合，最終根據(jù)表格設(shè)計要求進行作答。高考點擊年份2012201120102009體裁說明文議論

2、文說明文說明文題材文化沖突教育傾聽求職網(wǎng)站推薦題型信息篩選題4434整合轉(zhuǎn)換題3444綜合概括題3232詞性名詞6666形容詞1113動詞1231副詞1100語法構(gòu)詞法1323非謂語動詞1122比較等級010考點分類考點1：信息篩選題信息篩選提是基礎(chǔ)題目，一般可以直接通過將表格和短文進行對照，邊讀文章邊找出于試題相同的句子信息，獲取到相關(guān)單詞，有時試題和原文句型句式不同，需進行簡單的邏輯推理然后找到相應(yīng)單詞，不需變化，直接填入。例如：2012年安徽省高考英語第79題：原文為 In Muslim countries,設(shè)題為 Muslim countries.2012年安徽省高考英語第81題：原文

3、為 In Mexico,lunch is a time to relax.，設(shè)題為 Relaxing while having lunch2011年安徽省高考英語第78題：原文為 Here is what our schools should teach.，而設(shè)題為Important things should be taught in (78) schools(s).2011年安徽省高考英語第85題：原文為This is life, this is what you are going to face, and this is how you deal with it.，而設(shè)題為Childr

4、en should be taught what (85) life is and how to deal with it.2010年安徽省高考英語第77題：原文為When difficult people express themselves orally, they generally want at least two things: theyve been heard theyve been understood.，而設(shè)題為Difficult people hope they have been heard and (77) understood when they express t

5、hemselves.2009年安徽省高考英語第83題：原文為She discovers that medical assistants not only have to do some office work, but have medical responsibilities as well.，而設(shè)題為If shes a medical assistant, shell also take medical (83) responsibilities.考點2：整合轉(zhuǎn)換題整合轉(zhuǎn)換題是典型的二次加工題型，需要考生有幾本的構(gòu)詞法只是，對句子成分和詞性的對應(yīng)關(guān)系要明確。做題時，不但要找到與試題相關(guān)的句

6、子信息，還要根據(jù)詞法和句法只是以及上下文的邏輯關(guān)系進行加工，從而提煉出新詞?？杉?xì)分為如下兩種情況：（1）詞形整合轉(zhuǎn)換。被考查單詞在原文和試題中充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞植煌?，因而需在名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞等之間進行轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：2012年安徽省高考英語第78題：原文為 In Japan,you should bow 而設(shè)題為bowing to show respect.2012年安徽省高考英語第79題：原文為In Korea,you should take off your shoes when entering a house.設(shè)題為：Taking off your shoes at the enter

7、ance/door.2011年安徽省高考英語第81題：原文為but we dont make an effort to teach children how to manage it.，而設(shè)題為The basic skill of (81) managing money.2011年安徽省高考英語第82題：原文為.they should at least teach critical (批判性的) thinking.，而設(shè)題為How to (82) think in a critical way.2010年安徽省高考英語第79題：原文為You do this by nodding your he

8、ad in agreement, making certain sounds of understanding.，而設(shè)題為（79）Nod in agreement and make some sounds of understanding while a difficult person is speaking.（動詞非謂語形式轉(zhuǎn)換為謂語形式）2009年安徽省高考英語第78題：原文為Regularly undated, the Handbook is available as a book and on-line. 而設(shè)題為The information is updated in a（78）

9、regular manner.（副詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞）（2）句型整合轉(zhuǎn)換。試題中的被考查單詞在原文中找不到同根詞，無法獲取單詞進行轉(zhuǎn)換，需根據(jù)原文中相應(yīng)句子的意義和上下文邏輯聯(lián)系進行句型轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：2012年安徽省高考英語第題：原文為:Traveling to all corners of the world gets easier and easier.而設(shè)題為 When traveling abroad, we should follow local customs.2010年安徽省高考英語第84題：原文為Understanding is usually achieved and a diff

10、icult person becomes less difficult and more cooperative.，而設(shè)題為A difficult person will be (84) easier to cooperate with if understanding is achieved.整合轉(zhuǎn)換題在詞形轉(zhuǎn)換和句型轉(zhuǎn)換方面還應(yīng)注意一些技巧和原則，盡量做到萬無一失。請記?。罕砀駜?nèi)詞性、大小寫和語法運用上要保持一致。同一單元格要注意在用詞方面保持一致的格式。例如：2010年安徽省高考英語第79題(78) on listening(79) in agreement and make some

11、sounds of understanding while a difficult person is speaking.Repeat some (80) that you have heard.Collect information about the persons expressions and find his (81) .Give a (82) of what the person has said.Confirm that the person gains (83) from speaking his thoughts.觀察此表，發(fā)現(xiàn)右欄單元格內(nèi)均為祈使句，故79題也應(yīng)填上動詞原形

12、為宜。由于其他句首均為大寫，故79題也應(yīng)首字母大寫。（1） 善用同義詞和反義詞進行轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：Most workers were for/were in favor of/stood for the decision. = Most workers supported the decision. (同義詞)When you have found information about some different careers, you will be ready to talk to career advisers. = Find some information on-line before

13、 consulting/asking career advisers. （同義詞）They found the problem was not easy, so they decided to turn to the professor. =Finding they couldnt solve the difficult problem, they consulted the professor. (反義詞)（2） 正確使用構(gòu)詞法。例如：confirming with the person that he feels satisfied that his thoughts have been

14、fully voiced. = Confirm that the person gains satisfaction from speaking his thoughts.Its worth taking the time and finding as much information as you can. = The time you spend and the efforts you make will be worthwhile.（3） 熟練運用語法句型轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：Having finished all his homework, the boy went out into the s

15、treet to play with his good fellows. = The boy appeared in the street playing with his friends after he finished his assignments.句型轉(zhuǎn)化比較難以掌握，平時要多觀察、多總結(jié)、多記憶，并經(jīng)常用翻譯法訓(xùn)練，即將一個漢語句子譯成多個英語句子?？键c3：綜合概括題綜合概括題要求考生對全文或段落進行總體語篇把握，通過觀察表格的設(shè)置特點，從而歸納和概括出所考察的單詞。此類設(shè)題一般位于表格的第一行或第一列。例如：2011年安徽高考英語第79題TitleVery Useful (76)

16、 IntroductionEducation should be a (77) for life.AdviceImportant things should be taught in (78) Teaching (79) How to behave (80) The basic skill of (81) moneyHow to (82) in a critical wayHow to keep (83) The rights and responsibilities one has in (84) ConclusionChildren should be taught what (85) i

17、s and how to deal with it.根據(jù)表格中左列上下單元格（Title, Introduction, Advice, Conclusion）進行對照可知此處應(yīng)填寫概括性詞匯，再通過該單元格右欄5點信息進行綜合概括，可知是談“教育的內(nèi)容或話題”，故使用Contents/ contents/ Subjects/ subjects/ Topics/ topics。綜合概括題是比較難題型，需要考生有概括能力?？忌谄綍r應(yīng)更多地分析英語閱讀短文，多進行概括能力訓(xùn)練，學(xué)有余力的考生也可以找一些閱讀短文進行任務(wù)型讀寫的編寫訓(xùn)練。為了更快捷地掌握概括能力，總結(jié)和熟記一些概括性詞匯及其固定搭配

18、是很有必要的。下面列舉一些基本的概括性詞匯：總結(jié)、概括：conclusion, summary建議：suggestion, tip, advice, proposal, recommendation影響：effect, influence, impact印象：impression因果：reason, cause; result, consequence成?。簊uccess，achievement, victory, triumph; failure, defeat利弊：advantage & disadvantage異同：difference, distinction; the sam

19、e, similarity, equality優(yōu)點：advantage, strong point, strength, virtue, convenience缺點：disadvantage, shortcoming, weakness, drawback利益、好處：good, benefit, interest, profit, gain錯誤：mistake, error, fault質(zhì)量、品質(zhì)：quality, virtue數(shù)量：quantity, amount, number目的：purpose, aim, goal, objective方法：way, means, method, ap

20、proach, solution, manner措施：measure, action行為、活動：action, behavior, conduct, activity步驟：step, stage, process, procedure頻率、頻度：frequency, rate程度：degree, level, extent觀點、意見：opinion, view, point of view, viewpoint, standpoint想法：idea, thought, thinking(無)意識：(un)awareness, (un)consciousness原理、原則、規(guī)律：theory,

21、principle, law意義：importance, significance, meaning, sense價值：value態(tài)度：attitude, manner感情：feeling, emotion同意、正面：agreement, pros, approval, positive, favor, support反對、反面：disagreement, cons, negative, opposite, contrary, opposition, objection需要、需求：demand, need, requirement, request, desire, claim問題：quest

22、ion, problem, issue答案：answer, key, solution, result反應(yīng)：response, reaction變化：change比較：comparison, contrast評價：comment, evaluation, remark, assessment特點：feature, character, characteristic種類：kind, sort, type, style, form, category, variety, class, description等級：grade, rank, degree, class風(fēng)俗、習(xí)慣：custom, man

23、ner, practice, habit主題、話題：theme, subject, topic標(biāo)題：title, headline, heading作用、功能：use, usage, function關(guān)系、聯(lián)系：relation, relationship, connection, touch, link, contact來源、歷史：origin, history, source事實、現(xiàn)實：fact, reality, actuality規(guī)則、規(guī)定：rule, regulation情況、狀況：things, status, situation, condition, case, circums

24、tance, state說明：explanation, statement, description, instruction, direction介紹：introduction, presentation定義：description描述性詞匯：length, height, width, depth, distance, weight, size, color, look, appearance, shape, rate, speed, age, sex, price.備考策略1. 掌握正確的解題步驟。解題一般分為五步：（1） 審題：正確審題，讀懂題意考生要看清楚不同的答題要求和表格的格式，

25、這都是“審題”的范疇。（2） 略讀：快速瀏覽，了解大意（3） 考生要快速略讀文章，理解表格設(shè)計，特別要注意表格有無大標(biāo)題、列標(biāo)題和行標(biāo)題。了解這些有助于我們理解文章、也有助于我們縮小信息查找的范圍，確定考查內(nèi)容。（4） 細(xì)讀：整合信息，準(zhǔn)確表達在弄清題意和理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，考生要細(xì)讀所給的文章，結(jié)合題意和要求對信息進行再加工，根據(jù)實際情況完成所要求的任務(wù)。填寫答案時注意答案的對稱性，即要注意答案與圖表的已有部分保持一致。比如：同一行（列）標(biāo)題所包括的內(nèi)容是v.-ing形式還是動詞原形，是名詞還是形容詞，字母是否需要大寫等。同時要注意時態(tài)、語態(tài)、句式等，避免出現(xiàn)錯誤。（5） 查讀：通觀全篇，復(fù)讀

26、檢查仔細(xì)閱讀文章，認(rèn)真核實，檢查意思是否準(zhǔn)確、表達方式是否得當(dāng)、單詞拼寫是否正確?？忌仨毚_保答案無誤，才能獲得該試題的高分。2. 掌握一定的答題技巧技巧1：快速解題的技巧之一是快速準(zhǔn)確的信息定位。題干和原文存在著精準(zhǔn)的對應(yīng)，考生要利用表格中的信息提示，準(zhǔn)確地在文中找到答案的信息來源。技巧2：準(zhǔn)確確定答案的詞性（形）至關(guān)重要。這就要求考生具有非常扎實的語法和詞匯知識。我們要根據(jù)上下文先確定詞意，再確定詞性，最后用所選詞的適當(dāng)?shù)脑~形變化。?？嫉亩鄶?shù)是實詞。我們要分別注意一下幾個方面：動詞：要注意形式，包括時態(tài)，語態(tài)，主謂一致，第三人稱等方面。名詞：要注意單復(fù)數(shù)和格形容詞、副詞：要注意各自不同的修

27、飾功能以及比較等級的形式。技巧3：培養(yǎng)語感，不斷夯實概括句子、段落、意群的能力。了解并熟悉不同文體的特征，不斷的培養(yǎng)語篇分析能力，我們就可以迅速歸納出文章大意和作者的寫作意圖，有助于解答任務(wù)型讀寫中的提煉概括類題目。(皖南八校九月份聯(lián)考)第四部分 寫作 (共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)第一節(jié) 任務(wù)型閱讀 (共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個空格只填1個單詞。請將答案寫在答題卡相應(yīng)題號的橫線上。Humans are social beings. We enjoy being understood and accepte

28、d. Unfortunately, Western culture values individual achievement more than personal relationships. We're better at finding career success than at connecting with other people. As a result, our relationships often suffer. Here are tips for better relationships with everyone.Everyone wants to share

29、 the newest story, the great idea they have and their thoughts and advice. When talking to someone, hear him/her out without judgment or interruption. Focus on what's being said and do your best to understand.All relationships require trust. Having no trust means worrying about what others are d

30、oing, thinking and saying when you're not around. It means monitoring and controlling someone instead of enjoying them.You probably feel let down at the time when you fail to tell others what you want and then blame them for not reading your mind. So when you want something - or want to share so

31、mething - be honest about it. Expressing your desires might feel uncomfortable, but it gives the other person a fighting chance to give you what you really want.We're always looking to gain something from other people: positive emotions, knowledge, gifts. This is fine: humans are selfish by natu

32、re. The problem is, you can't just take and take in relationships. If you don't give back something of equal or greater value, there's no reason for other people to stay around you. In today's world, it's always about "me, me, me." This is why our relationships with fri

33、ends, family are weak. You can't connect with other people if you're thinking about yourself all the time.The best way to build better relationships with everyone is through positive actions.TitleBuilding better relationshipsThe (76) _ ofsufferingrelationshipsWestern culture value individual

34、 achievement (77) _ than personal relationships.(78 ) _ ofbuilding betterrelationshipsLearn to listen and (79) _.When talking to someone, hear him/her out.Trust other people.When you are not round, never (80) _ about what others are doing, thinking and saying.Be honest about (81) _ you want.When you

35、 want something, (82) _ your desire frankly.Be a giver.If you want the people to stay around you, give back something equal or more (83) _.(84) _The best way to built better relationships with everyone is to act (85) _.76. cause 77. more 78. Way(s)/Method(s) 79. understand 80. worry 81. what 82. exp

36、ress 83. valuable 84. Conclusion 85. positively(蕪湖一中2013屆高三第二次模擬考試)第四部分 寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一部分 任務(wù)型讀寫（共10??；每小題1分，滿分10分）閱讀下面的短文，根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在表格中的空白處填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個空格只填一個單詞The business world has become very competitive these days and every company is trying its best to increase its market share. However, only those

37、 people who can effectively reach out to their customers can win in this race. Advertising is one of the best tools to reach millions of people and explain to them the quality and feature of your product. Though internet advertising, television advertising and radio advertising have appeared as the

38、most popular forms of advertising in this modern age, you cannot ignore the importance of newspaper advertising.Choosing the most popular newspaper is one of the most important newspaper advertising tips for all businessmen. While placing an ad, you must realize how popular the newspaper is. The mor

39、e the readers are, the more the customers you will get. Though popular newspapers would be more expensive, it is advisable to go with them to expect a good response from people.The wording of the advertisement is very important because that will attract people to the products of your company. The wo

40、rding should be simple, easy to understand and grammatically correct. The overall appearance of the advertisement should also be good and attractive. Your ad can be a little bigger in size. A colored ad with the content written in a stylish manner can get more attention.Positioning your advertisement at the right place is very important. Generally, it is believed that the ads on the first few pages and those at the top of the newspaper wo