高壓電機(jī)滾動(dòng)軸承使用說(shuō)明書(shū)講解

1、高壓電機(jī)滾動(dòng)軸承使用說(shuō)明書(shū)Operation InstructionsFor Rolling Element Bearings of High Voltage Motors代號(hào)：0AP.466.0020 版 b(代替：0AP.466.0020 版 b)Code: 0AP.466.0020b(Replace 0AP.466.0020a)南陽(yáng)防爆集團(tuán)股份有限公司Nanyang Explosion Protection Group Co., Ltd.2009年1月1日J(rèn)an.01.2009尊敬的用戶：感謝您選用我公司的產(chǎn)品，本說(shuō)明書(shū)是我公司高壓電機(jī)滾動(dòng)軸承裝置的專用說(shuō)明書(shū)，是電機(jī)使用說(shuō)明書(shū)的補(bǔ)充,僅

2、適用于使用滾動(dòng)軸承的高壓電機(jī)，如有疑問(wèn)，請(qǐng)隨時(shí)與我們聯(lián)系，我們十分感謝！Dear Customers,Thanks for your correct choice of our products. This Handbook is available for the high voltage motors with rolling element bearings. It is the supplement to the motor operation instructions.Any queries, please do not hesitate to contact the manufac

3、turer.171 .滾動(dòng)軸承裝置的概述第4頁(yè)2 . 滾動(dòng)軸承的工作溫度第頁(yè)3 .滾動(dòng)軸承的潤(rùn)滑方式及潤(rùn)滑劑第5頁(yè)4 .滾動(dòng)軸承的維護(hù)與保養(yǎng) 第7頁(yè)5 .軸承安裝與拆檢時(shí)應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)第8頁(yè)6 .運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)檢查與故障處理第9頁(yè)7 .軸承滾動(dòng)聲的附加說(shuō)明第 10頁(yè)Content1. Descriptions of Rolling Element Bearing Device Page 42. Working Temperature of Rolling Element Bearing Page53. Regreasing Method and LubricationPage 64. Maintenanc

4、esPage75. Attentions for Bearing Assembly and Disassembly Page 86. Check and Failure SolutionsPage 97. Additional Remarks to Bearing SoundPage 10一.滾動(dòng)軸承裝置的概述我公司高壓電機(jī)所選用的滾動(dòng)軸承均為高品質(zhì)的軸承產(chǎn)品.滾動(dòng)軸承的機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)壽命均經(jīng)過(guò)嚴(yán)格的核算，滿足用戶的使用要求，同時(shí)核算了滾動(dòng)軸承的最小負(fù)荷，保證軸承 工作在最佳工作狀態(tài).軸承裝置帶不停機(jī)注排脂（油）結(jié)構(gòu)，可在不停機(jī)情況下加注或 排出潤(rùn)滑脂（油）.我公司常用的滾動(dòng)軸承的主要類型及配置見(jiàn)表

5、1:表1驅(qū)動(dòng)端非驅(qū)動(dòng)端水平安裝電機(jī)深溝球軸承63x x深溝球軸承62 x x柱軸承NU3 x柱軸承NU2 X四點(diǎn)接觸球軸承 QJ3X x +柱軸承NU2 X深溝球軸承63x x深溝球軸承62 x x柱軸承NU3 x柱軸承NU2 X立式安裝電機(jī)柱軸承NU2 X柱軸承NU3 X角接觸球軸承 72 X X （配對(duì)安裝）四點(diǎn)接觸球軸承QJ3XX軸承裝置常用的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)見(jiàn)附圖.由于電機(jī)的系列種類較多，結(jié)構(gòu)圖不能逐一列 出,如需詳細(xì)的資料，請(qǐng)向我們索取.1. Descriptions of Rolling Element Bearing DeviceHigh quality rolling element

6、bearings are adopted for the high voltage motors. Bearing life and minimum load are calculated to meet the customer s demand and ensure the best operation conditions of bearings. Such bearings are equipped the regreasing attachment to add or drain out the grease (oil) without stop.The main adopted b

7、earing types are shown in Table.Table 1MountingBearing TypeAt DEAt NDEHorizontalBall bearing with deep groove 63 x xBall bearing with deep groove 63 x xBall bearing with deep groove 62 x xRoller bearing NU3X xRoller NU2 乂 乂4 points contact ball bearing QJ3X x + Roller bearing NU2X XBall bearing with

8、 deep groove 62 x xRoller bearing NU3 x xRoller bearing NU2 x xVerticalRoller bearing NU2X xRoller bearing NU3X xAngle contact ball bearing 72X X4 points contact ball bearingQJ3X xBearing devices are illustrated by attached figures. Pleasecontact the manufacturer if the bearing device is other than

9、the 川ustrations.二.滾動(dòng)軸承的工作溫度通常，軸承的溫度隨著運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的開(kāi)始慢慢上升,12小時(shí)后達(dá)到穩(wěn)定的工作狀態(tài) .如果潤(rùn)滑、安裝不合適，則軸承溫度會(huì)急驟上升，出現(xiàn)異常高溫，這時(shí)必須停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)， 采取必要的防范措施.滾動(dòng)軸承的工作溫度不得超過(guò) 95C,報(bào)警溫度為90C,停機(jī)溫 度為95c.據(jù)用戶的需求，每個(gè)軸承可設(shè)測(cè)溫元件（Pt100）,將其引線引入測(cè)溫接線盒 內(nèi),提供遠(yuǎn)傳溫度信號(hào)或進(jìn)行溫度顯示.軸承測(cè)溫點(diǎn)的位置距離軸承外圈不超過(guò) 10mm.2. Working Temperature of Rolling Element BearingGenerally the bearing te

10、mperature rises gradually and shall be stabilized in 1 or 2 hours. The bearing temperature will increase rapidly if the grease (oil) or assembly does not match the bearing. If so the motor shall be stopped immediately to take necessary actions.The working temperature for rolling element bearing is 9

11、5 c. Upon request Pt100s are equipped as monitoring detectors for bearing temperature. The detectors will alarm if the bearing temperature reaches 902 and the motor will stop if the bearing temperature reaches 95 c.The lead wires of detectors are brought out to the auxiliary terminal box for remote

12、control or signal indication. The bearing temperature measuring points shall not exceed 10mm far away from the outer bearing race.三.滾動(dòng)軸承的潤(rùn)滑方式及潤(rùn)滑劑軸承潤(rùn)滑的目的是要在構(gòu)成軸承的滾道輪、滾動(dòng)體及保持架相互接觸的部分形成一層油膜,以防止各面直接接觸，具有減少摩擦及磨損、延長(zhǎng)疲勞壽命、排出摩擦熱、防 止異物侵入、防止生銹與腐蝕的作用潤(rùn)滑的方式有兩種，即脂潤(rùn)滑和油潤(rùn)滑。我公司高壓電機(jī)滾動(dòng)軸承的潤(rùn)滑方式絕大部分為脂潤(rùn)滑，但有少數(shù)稀油潤(rùn)滑 , 電機(jī)的潤(rùn)滑方式標(biāo)注在

13、電機(jī)的注油牌上 , 請(qǐng)按注油牌 的內(nèi)容加注潤(rùn)滑脂或潤(rùn)滑油 .對(duì)于稀油潤(rùn)滑的滾動(dòng)軸承, 我們推薦使用的潤(rùn)滑油為 : 汽輪機(jī)油 L-TSA46. 但粘度為ISOVG46的其他品種的潤(rùn)滑油也可使用.首次加油前,油室應(yīng)用清漬油沖洗清理干 凈。 使用時(shí)應(yīng)經(jīng)常注意油標(biāo)的油位顯示, 如果油位低于油標(biāo)的中心線, 應(yīng)立即補(bǔ)充潤(rùn)滑油 . 據(jù)用戶的需求, 每個(gè)軸承裝置可安裝恒位油杯(自動(dòng)油位器) ，以在較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)自動(dòng)保持油室油位在規(guī)定油位上，確保滾動(dòng)軸承的最佳潤(rùn)滑狀態(tài)。關(guān)于潤(rùn)滑脂的選用 , 我們提供如下建議:1. 各種潤(rùn)滑脂主要由基礎(chǔ)油、增稠劑、添加劑組成的 , 同一個(gè)種類的潤(rùn)滑脂, 牌號(hào)不同性能相差很大, 因此原

14、則上, 牌號(hào)不同的潤(rùn)滑脂不能混合使用 , 避免潤(rùn)滑脂的性能的降低.2. 選用潤(rùn)滑脂時(shí), 應(yīng)考慮軸承的工作溫度、工作速度、軸承的種類與大小、負(fù)荷狀況、外部環(huán)境, 詳情請(qǐng)咨詢潤(rùn)滑脂的供應(yīng)商.3. 本公司高壓電機(jī)使用的潤(rùn)滑脂為：長(zhǎng)城HTHSW承潤(rùn)滑脂.3. Regreasing Method and LubricationThe purpose of lubricating is to form a film around the contacting parts of rolling runner, rolling body and the holder to prevent them from

15、direct contact , minimize fraction and loss, prolong the service life, transfer heat as well as protect the bearing from the ingress of substances, rust and corrosion.The rolling element bearings adopt grease or oil lubrication. The lubricating method is indicated in the regreasing plate. Please kin

16、d read the regreasing plate for lubrication.If the rolling element bearings adopt oil lubrication, steam turbo oil L-TSA46 or other equivalent oils with viscosity ISOVG46 are recommended. The oil chamber shall be cleared by clean oil before regreasing. Attention shall be paid to the oil level indica

17、tion during operation. Oil shall be filled in if the oil level is lower than the central line of the indication. Automatic oil level device can be added if required by customer.Comments on lubrication selection:a) Different greases (oils) can not be mixed.b) The working temperature, speed, bearing t

18、ype and size, load and ambient shall be considered when select the grease or oil. Please consult the grease (oil) supplier.c) Great Wall HTHS Bearing Grease for motors is preferable.四.滾動(dòng)軸承的維護(hù)與保養(yǎng)儲(chǔ)存期超過(guò)半年或停機(jī)超過(guò)2 個(gè)月后再次使用的電機(jī), 應(yīng)先檢查軸承裝置的狀況 ,如有嚴(yán)重污染、無(wú)油、油干、零件銹蝕等狀況時(shí), 需將電機(jī)的軸承裝置部分解體, 徹底清洗軸承及與軸承相關(guān)的部件( 注油管、軸承內(nèi)蓋、 軸承

19、外蓋、擋油環(huán)、排油盒等), 然后重新加注潤(rùn)滑脂 (油) , 加注潤(rùn)滑脂時(shí), 滾動(dòng)軸承內(nèi)部應(yīng)加滿潤(rùn)滑脂, 軸承內(nèi)蓋與軸承外蓋所形成的空腔的填脂量為整個(gè)空腔的1/31/2 ;加注潤(rùn)滑油時(shí)，通過(guò)注油嘴向油室加注潤(rùn) 滑油，加至油位到油標(biāo)的中心線以上至三分之二處。潤(rùn)滑脂 (油) 經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間使用以后 , 特性會(huì)變差 , 潤(rùn)滑功能會(huì)降低, 因此要適時(shí)補(bǔ)充潤(rùn)滑脂或更換潤(rùn)滑油。 潤(rùn)滑脂補(bǔ)充的時(shí)間間隔與補(bǔ)充數(shù)量打在電機(jī)的注油牌上 , 應(yīng)按照注 油牌數(shù)據(jù)及時(shí)補(bǔ)充潤(rùn)滑脂，潤(rùn)滑油每三個(gè)月更換一次, 才能保證滾動(dòng)軸承的可靠運(yùn)行.注油牌上的加油周期及數(shù)量適用于軸承溫度70及以下工作狀態(tài), 但當(dāng)軸承溫度超過(guò) 70時(shí) , 軸

20、承溫度每上升15 , 潤(rùn)滑脂的補(bǔ)充間隔時(shí)間減少一半.在設(shè)備定期檢修時(shí) , 為了電機(jī)在下一檢修周期內(nèi)的可靠運(yùn)行, 應(yīng)拆檢軸承裝置, 必要時(shí)更換軸承.4. MaintenancesFor motors stored more than six months or not in use more than 2 months, the bearing device shall be checked before operation. The bearing device shall be disassembled and cleaned (especially grease pipe, inner b

21、earing cap, outer bearing cap, slinger and drainage) if contamination, shortage of grease, dry grease or rust occurs. The grease or oil shall be filled in. The internal of rolling element bearing shall be full of grease (oil), and one-third to half of the bearing chamber shall be filled. When fillin

22、g by grease nipple, the grease (oil) level shall be at the central line or two-third higher than the indication.The filling interval for rolling element bearing is 3 months. The interval and filling amount in the lubrication plate is based on the bearing temperature up to 70 . The filling interval s

23、hall be reduced by half if the bearing temperature rises by every 15 .The motor shall be inspected and maintained periodically. The bearing device shall be disassembled to check. The bearing shall be replaced if necessary.五 . 軸承安裝與拆檢時(shí)應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng) .在軸承的拆裝中應(yīng)注意以下內(nèi)容:1. 保持軸承及周圍清潔, 使灰塵不至于侵入軸承.2. 小心謹(jǐn)慎地使用軸承. 在使用中

24、給與軸承強(qiáng)烈的沖擊, 會(huì)產(chǎn)生傷痕與壓痕, 成為事故的原因 . 應(yīng)使用恰當(dāng)?shù)牟僮鞴ぞ?3. 要注意軸承的銹蝕 . 手上的汗會(huì)成為軸承生銹的原因 .4. 如果拆下的軸承要重新使用 , 或安裝軸承時(shí), 拆裝軸承的作用力要作用在滾動(dòng)軸承的內(nèi)圈上, 絕對(duì)不能作用在軸承的其他部位.5. 熱裝滾動(dòng)軸承時(shí), 在加熱的任何點(diǎn) , 溫度均不能高于120 . 避免造成滾動(dòng)軸承的變形和再次退火.6. 安裝滾動(dòng)軸承時(shí), 確保標(biāo)示軸承型號(hào)的一邊朝外. 軸承的型號(hào)均打在軸承內(nèi)圈或外圈的端面.7. 清洗滾動(dòng)軸承時(shí), 應(yīng)分兩次清洗. 粗洗時(shí) , 用刷子或無(wú)絨布蘸清漬油或汽油清洗, 清洗時(shí)不應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軸承. 精洗時(shí) , 將軸承放入干

25、凈的油池內(nèi)邊轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軸承邊清洗.5. Attentions for Bearing Assembly and Disassemblya) Keep the bearing clean to protect from the ingress of dust;b) Take the bearing carefully to avoid strong impact which will result in damage. Suitable instruments are recommended.c) Do not touch the bearing by hand directly. This may

26、cause rust.d) When assemble or disassemble the bearing, any force shall be added to the inner bearing race.Other locations are prohibited.e) When hot fit the bearing, the temperature at any points shall not exceed 12 0.f) When assemble the bearing, the surface with bearing size shall be putto the ou

27、tside.g) The bearing shall be cleaned in two steps. First clean the bearing with gasoline by brush or cloth, then put the bearing into gasoline and clean it by turning.六 . 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)檢查與故障處理運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中的檢查項(xiàng)目有軸承滾動(dòng)聲、振動(dòng)、溫度、潤(rùn)滑狀態(tài)等, 如有異常狀態(tài), 按附表2 處理 .判斷軸承可否再次使用 , 要考慮軸承損傷的程度、機(jī)器性能、重要性、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)條件、及檢查周期等. 如有下列缺陷 , 軸承不能使用 .1. 內(nèi)外環(huán)、滾動(dòng)體、

28、保持架中有裂紋和出現(xiàn)碎片 .2. 內(nèi)外環(huán)、滾動(dòng)體中有剝離的 .3. 滾道面、擋邊、滾動(dòng)體有顯著卡傷.4. 保持架的磨損顯著或鉚釘松動(dòng).5. 滾道面、滾動(dòng)體有生銹和傷痕.6. 滾道面、滾動(dòng)體有顯著的壓痕和打痕.7. 內(nèi)環(huán)內(nèi)徑面或外環(huán)外徑面有蠕變.8. 過(guò)熱變色厲害.6. Check and Failure SolutionsDuring operation bearing rolling sound, vibration, temperature and lubrication shall beobserved. Any abnormal cases shall be solved accord

29、ing to Table 2.Whether a bearing can be re-utilized depending on the damage, property, importance, operation condition and the inspection period. The bearing shall not be re-utilized if the following default occurs:a) crack or crush in inner or outer ring, rolling body or holder;b) stripping in inne

30、r or outer ring or rolling body;c) clamping injury in rolling surface, edge or rolling body;d) significant wearing or loosing pin of holder;e) rust or injury of rolling surface or rolling body;f) significant extruding or hitting signs in rolling surface or rolling body;g) creeping in inner ring ID s

31、urface or outer ring OD surface;h) discolor due to over heat.七 . 軸承滾動(dòng)聲的附加說(shuō)明由于滾動(dòng)軸承是旋轉(zhuǎn)部件, 在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)程中 , 不可避免要發(fā)出各種聲音, 在檢查軸承的滾動(dòng)聲時(shí) , 應(yīng)據(jù)滾動(dòng)聲的大小及音質(zhì)進(jìn)行辨別 , 以區(qū)分正常聲音與異常的聲音 , 但軸承聲響的判斷, 國(guó)內(nèi)外尚無(wú)定量的標(biāo)準(zhǔn), 我們認(rèn)為是: 在整機(jī)噪聲合格, 振動(dòng)合格 , 軸承溫度合格的前提下 , 軸承聲響連續(xù)、無(wú)間歇雜音；運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)、無(wú)起伏；聲響均勻無(wú)尖叫，此種情況下的軸承響聲并不影響軸承的使用，是正常的滾動(dòng)聲, 電機(jī)可正常使用7. Additional Remar

32、ks to Bearing SoundBearing sound shall be determined by noise value and its tune. There is no unified standard to judge the sound is normal or abnormal. However the sound shall be judged as normal if: a) the noise, vibration and bearing temperature matching design;b) continuous sound without intermi

33、ttent noise;c) smooth operation;d) smooth sound without screaming.異常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)狀態(tài)及其原因和對(duì)策見(jiàn)表2The cause and solutions to abnormal operation are shown in Table 2.表2異常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)狀態(tài)及其原因和對(duì)策運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)狀態(tài)推斷原因?qū)Σ咴胍魪?qiáng)金屬音異常載荷配合的修正，研究軸承游隙，軸承室凸緣位置的修正組裝不良軸、軸承室加工精度、安裝精度、安裝方法的改進(jìn)潤(rùn)滑劑不足、不合適補(bǔ)充潤(rùn)滑劑，選擇合適的潤(rùn)滑劑旋轉(zhuǎn)件的接觸改進(jìn)密封裝置規(guī)則音異物引起滾道面上 的壓痕、生銹、傷痕更換軸承,清洗各種零部

34、件,密封裝置的改善,使用 潔凈潤(rùn)滑劑布氏壓痕更換軸承，使用時(shí)注意滾道面的剝離更換軸承不規(guī)則音游隙過(guò)大江忠配合及軸承游隙異物侵入更換軸承，清洗各種零部件，密封裝置的改善滾珠有傷痕、剝離更換軸承異常溫升潤(rùn)滑劑過(guò)多適當(dāng)減少潤(rùn)滑劑，選擇稍稠些的潤(rùn)滑脂潤(rùn)滑劑不足、不合適補(bǔ)充潤(rùn)滑劑，選擇合適的潤(rùn)滑劑異常載荷配合的修正，研究軸承游隙，軸承室凸緣位置的修正組裝不良軸、軸承室加工精度、安裝精度、安裝方法的改進(jìn)配合面蠕變，密封裝 置摩擦過(guò)大更換軸承，配合的討論，軸套的修正，密封形式的改進(jìn)振動(dòng)人布氏壓痕更換軸承，使用時(shí)注意剝離更換軸承組裝不良軸、軸承室加工精度、安裝精度、安裝方法的改進(jìn)異物侵入更換軸承，清洗各種零部

35、件，密封裝置的改善潤(rùn)滑劑泄漏，變色潤(rùn)滑劑過(guò)多，異物侵 入，產(chǎn)生磨損粉末侵 入等，密封零件未正 確安裝或損壞潤(rùn)滑劑適量，研究更換潤(rùn)滑劑，研究更換軸承，對(duì)軸承 室清洗，止確安裝密封零件，更換密封零件Table 2Cause and Solutions to Abnormal OperationUnder OperationPossible CauseSolutionNoiseStrong metallic noiseAbnormal loadTo calibrate the position of bearing clearance and flanges in bearing chamber.P

36、oor assemblyTo improve the machining precise of shaft anc bearing chamber as well as the precise and method of assembly.Shortage of or improper lubricationTo fill lubrication or change lubrication.Contactbetweenrotating partsTo improve the sealing device.Regular noiseExtruding signs, rust and injury

37、 in the rolling surface by other substancesTo replace bearing, clean the components, improve the sealing device and adopt clear lubrication.Brinel extruding signsTo replace bearing and pay attentionStripped rolling surfaceTo replace bearingIrregular noiseBig clearanceTo pay attention to the fitness

38、and clearance.Ingress of other substancesTo replace bearing, clean components and improve the sealing device.Injury and stripping of rollerTo replace bearing.Abnormal TemperatureToo much lubricationTo reduce the amount of lubrication and adopt the thicker lubrication.Shortage of or improper lubricat

39、ionTo fill lubrication or change lubrication.Abnormal loadTo calibrate the position of bearing clearance and flanges in bearing chamber.Poor assemblyTo improve the machining precise of shaft and bearing chamber as well as the precise and method of assembly.Creeping in fit surfaceTo replace bearing, calibrate the f