形容詞和副詞-精選.

1、第27課O<2?M形容詞和副詞由ilGKUMCiCLHEFUCr生諳法考點(diǎn)精講0考點(diǎn)一形容詞與副詞的句法功能對(duì)比形容詞和副詞都是起修飾作用的詞。它們各自的功能如下:詞功能例句形容 詞定語(yǔ)She is a beautiful girl.她是l個(gè)美麗的女孩。表語(yǔ)The meal is very delicious.這頓飯很美味。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)You must keep the classroom clean. 你必須保持教室清潔。副詞狀語(yǔ)He gets up late today.今天他起床晚。后置定語(yǔ)（表位置）Life here is rich and interesting.這里的生活既富裕

2、又有趣。表語(yǔ)Class is over.放學(xué)了。用法提示：1.有些形容詞，如 alone, afraid, asleep, awake等，只能作表語(yǔ)，不能作 定語(yǔ)。 如： a lonely man 個(gè)孤獨(dú)的人 （不能說(shuō) an alone man）。2 .有些形容詞，如：many, wooden, golden等，只能作定語(yǔ)，不能作表語(yǔ)。如： This is a wooden house.（但不育昌說(shuō) This house is wooden.）。3 .多個(gè)形容詞作前置定語(yǔ)修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，其先后順序一般遵循如下規(guī)律：描繪性形容詞+形狀+年齡或新舊+顏色+地區(qū)或產(chǎn)地+材料+用途+名詞。我們可以把上

3、述七條加以簡(jiǎn)化為：描、形、年、顏、地、材、途。如：It's a beautiful tall building.（描、形）It's a fine old stone bridge.（描、 年、 材 ）It's a nice big old black Chinese wooden writing desk.（描、形、年、顏、地、材、途）4 .若地點(diǎn)副詞與時(shí)間副詞同在一句中，則地點(diǎn)副詞在前，時(shí)間副詞在后。同一性質(zhì)的 副詞，小單位在前，大單位在后。如：I'm going to meet her at the station in Shanghai at ten o

4、'clock tomorrow.明天上午十點(diǎn)我會(huì)在上海車站接她。例 1 It's very of you to work out the problem for me.That's all right.A. kind B. cleverC. necessary解析：句意：“你幫我解出這道題來(lái)，真是太好了?！薄安挥每蜌狻！?kind “友好的”，符合題意。答案：A例 2 Have some ice cream, please.- Mm, it tastes .A. goodB. betterC. well解析：句意：“請(qǐng)吃些冰激凌吧?！薄班牛瑖L起來(lái)很好。”結(jié)合句意可知沒(méi)有

5、比較，故排除 B項(xiàng)。taste嘗起來(lái)，感官系動(dòng)詞，后加形容詞。good形容詞，好的；well副詞，好地。故選Ao 答案：A例 3 Though the old man is , he doesn't feel .A. lonely;alone B. alone;lonelyC. lonely;lonely解析：句意為“雖然這位老人獨(dú)自一人，但他并不感到孤獨(dú)"。alone "單獨(dú)的"；lonely“孤獨(dú)的”。答案：B考點(diǎn)二形容詞與副詞的構(gòu)成由形容詞構(gòu)成副詞時(shí)，有以下幾種方法：1 .大多數(shù)形容詞在詞尾加-ly。如：careful -carefully;quic

6、k - quickly;bright -brightly;polite politely2 .以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的形容詞，把 y變成i,再加-ly。如：easy easily;happy happily;lucky luckily;heavy heavily3 .以“元音字母+e”結(jié)尾的形容詞，需去 e再加-ly。如：true truly4 .以le結(jié)尾的形容，需去e再加-y。如：terrible-terribly;simple - simply;possible possibly【注意】少數(shù)以-ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞，而不是副詞，這類詞有：friendly（友好的），lonely（孤獨(dú)的）

7、,homely（家常的）,motherly（慈母般的）,deadly（致命的）,lively（活潑的）, manly（男子氣概的）等。有些形容詞本身又是副詞。如：alone, far, near, fast, early, late, high等。例 1（用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）It rained （heavy）, so he didn't go to workyesterday.解析：所填詞修飾動(dòng)詞rain,應(yīng)用heavy的副詞形式heavily。 答案：heavily例 2 （用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）The mother looked （angry）at her naughtyda

8、ughter.解析：angry為形容詞，所填詞修飾動(dòng)詞look ,所以應(yīng)用其副詞形式 angrily。 答案： angrily 考點(diǎn)三形容詞、副詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成大多數(shù)的形容詞、副詞都具有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)三種形式。比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成 方式如下：1 .規(guī)則變化（1）直接在詞尾加-er, -est原級(jí)比較級(jí)最tWj級(jí)smallsmallersmallesthighhigherhighestfastfasterfastest（2）以不發(fā)音的字母 e結(jié)尾，在詞尾加-r, -st原級(jí)比較級(jí)最tWj級(jí)nicenicernicestlargelargerlargestlatelaterlatest以“輔

9、音字母+y”結(jié)尾，把y變?yōu)閕,再加-er,-est原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)easyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest（4）以輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫(xiě)最舟-個(gè)輔音字母，再加原級(jí)比較級(jí)最tWj級(jí)-er, -estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestthinthinnerthinnest(5)多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞，在其前加more, most原級(jí)比較級(jí)最tWj級(jí)popularmore popularmost populardeliciousmore deliciousmost deliciousqu

10、icklymore quicklymost quickly例 1 Actions speakthan words.A. loudB. louderC. loudest解析：than為比較連詞，其前應(yīng)用形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)。答案：B例 2 The you eat, the you will be.A. more healthily;more healthilyB. more healthily;healthierC. healthier;healthierD. healthier;more healthily解析：這里考查“ the+比較級(jí).，the+比較級(jí)”句型，即“越，就越”。句意為“你吃得

11、越健康，身體就越健康”。第一個(gè)空用副詞 healthily的比較級(jí)more healthily ;第二個(gè)空用healthy的比較級(jí)healthier o答案：BE. 不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最tWj級(jí)good, wellbetterbestmany, muchmoremostbad, ill , badlyworseworstfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderoldesteldereldestlittlelessleast考點(diǎn)四比較等級(jí)的幾種常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)1. “as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as”表示“一者和另一者一樣”。Mary is as tall a

12、s Jane.瑪麗和簡(jiǎn)一樣高。He can type as fast as she can.他打字能夠打得和她一樣快。2. "not. as/so+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as"相當(dāng)于"less+原級(jí)+than",表示"一者不像另”或“一者不如另一者”。Jack is not as/so careful as I.杰克沒(méi)有我細(xì)心。Lucy didn't learn so carefully as Mary.露西學(xué)習(xí)不如瑪麗認(rèn)真。3. “A+比較級(jí)+than+B”結(jié)構(gòu)意為“ A比B”。Our school is larger than thei

13、rs.我們的學(xué)校比他們的大。Peter jumps higher than Bob.彼得比鮑勃跳得高。4. “比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”表示“越來(lái)越”。As summer is coming , the day is becoming longer and longer. 夏天到了，天變得越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)It is raining more and more heavily now.現(xiàn)在雨下得越來(lái)越大了。5. “the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”表示“越,越”。The warmer the weather is , the better the crops will grow. 天氣越暖和,莊稼長(zhǎng)得就越好

14、。The harder you work , the better you 'll learn.你越努力，學(xué)得就越好。6. "A+. +the+最高級(jí)+in/of/among. /定語(yǔ)從句"表示"在某范圍內(nèi)A最”。Tom is the tallest in his class.湯姆是他班里最高的。She is the most beautiful of us all.她是我們當(dāng)中最漂亮的。考點(diǎn)五 比較等級(jí)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換1 .原級(jí)與比較級(jí)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，可用“l(fā)ess+原級(jí)+than"替換"not so/as+原級(jí)+as”。Our garden

15、isn't as/so beautiful as theirs.f Our garden is less beautiful than theirs.2 .比較級(jí)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。常改變比較對(duì)象的位置或使用反義詞。My sister is three years older than I.fI am three years younger than my sister.3 .最高級(jí)與比較級(jí)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。A.用“比較級(jí)+than+any other+名詞單數(shù)”。如：Tom runs fastest in his class.f Tom runs faster than any other stu

16、dent in his class.B.用“比較級(jí)+than+all the other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。如：She is the most beautiful girl in the school.f She is more beautiful than all the other girls in the school.C.用“比較級(jí) +than+anyone/anybody/anything+else ”。如：John is the tallest here.f John is taller than anybody else here.D.用“否定詞+比較級(jí)+than”。如：Health

17、is the most valuable for us.f Nothing is more valuable than health.E.用“否定詞+. +as/so+原級(jí)+as”。如：Jim is the most diligent student in our class.fNo student is so diligent as Jim in our class.4 .表示倍數(shù)，如“/兩倍/三倍/四倍/"用"twice/three/four/. times+as. as.”結(jié)構(gòu)。This book costs three times as much as that o

18、ne.這本書(shū)的價(jià)錢(qián)是那本書(shū)的三倍。An elephant is about ten times as heavy as a horse.大象約有馬的十倍重。例 （根據(jù)上句完成下句）A:Mike is 17 years old and Kate is 15 years old.B:Kate is two years Mike.解析：由上句可知， Mike 17歲，而Kate只有15歲，所以Kate比Mike小兩歲，用英語(yǔ)表示為 two years younger than.。 答案：younger than考點(diǎn)六比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)1.比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)比較的程度時(shí)，可以在形容詞、副詞的比

19、較級(jí)前使用much, a little, even, still,a lot, far 等。如：She is much taller than her sister.她比她姐姐高很多。I'm feeling far better today.今天我感覺(jué)好很多。【注意】very, quite常用來(lái)修飾原級(jí)，不能修飾比較級(jí)。如：他比我高很多。(x )He is very taller than me.")He is much taller than me.例 1 How do you like the banana milk shake?I love it. I like it

20、than yogurt.A. very much B. even betterC. a littleD. much less解析：由比較連詞than可判斷，這里填比較級(jí)，排除 A、C兩項(xiàng)。由句子I love it.可 排除D項(xiàng)。答案：B例 2 There used to be lots of fish in the lake.Yes, but there are very now.A. fewB. fewerC. littleD. less解析：very修飾形容詞或副詞原級(jí)，故排除 B、D兩項(xiàng)；根據(jù)but there are.可知，所 填詞修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(fish) o故選A。 答案：A2.

21、最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)。常用的此類修飾語(yǔ)有序數(shù)詞以及much, (by)far, nearly, almost等。如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黃河是中國(guó)的第二長(zhǎng)河。Of all the students , Jack is almost the best in maths.在所有的學(xué)生中，在數(shù)學(xué)方面杰克幾乎是最好的。This is (by)far the best song that I 've ever heard. (=This is the best song by far that I ve ever

22、heard.)這是到目前為止我聽(tīng)過(guò)的最好的歌。考點(diǎn)七使用比較級(jí)時(shí)的三個(gè)注意事項(xiàng)1 .注意比較的對(duì)象要保持前后一致。上海比北京人多。(x )The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing.")The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.一班的學(xué)生比二班的多。(x )There are more students in Class 1 than Class 2.(A/)There are more students in Class 1 than those in

23、Class 2.2 .避免將主語(yǔ)含在比較對(duì)象中。中國(guó)比非洲的任何一個(gè)國(guó)家都大。（x ）China is bigger than any other country in Africa."）China is bigger than any country in Africa.3 .要避免重復(fù)使用比較級(jí)。（x ）He is more cleverer than his brother."）He is cleverer than his brother.例 1 This morning Jack came to school than student in his class.A

24、. much late;anyB. much late;any otherC. much later;anyD. much later;any other解析：much用作比較級(jí)的修飾詞，表示同一范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，常用“ than any other+ 名詞單數(shù)”，故選D。 答案：D例 2 Things made by hand are usually more expensive than produced in factories.A. theseB. thisC. thatD. those解析：比較的對(duì)象要一致。也就是說(shuō)“手工做的東西”要和“工廠里的產(chǎn)品”比較。前 面的things提示為

25、復(fù)數(shù)，所以用those指彳弋things。 答案：D包法真題演煉.1. （2016 天津）A journey by train is than by coach.A. more relaxing B. relaxingC. most relaxing D. the most relaxingIWa句意：坐火車旅行比乘大巴旅行更放松。根據(jù)句中的 than可知該句使用比較級(jí)，而relaxing為多音節(jié)詞，其比較級(jí)為more relaxing o故選 A。2. （2015 天津）Tom fell off his bike , and his hand was hurt .A. quietlyB. c

26、arefullyC. slowlyD. badly句意：Tom從自行車上摔了下來(lái)，他的手傷得很嚴(yán)重。quietly “安靜地"，carefully "仔細(xì)地，認(rèn)真地”，slowly "慢地"，均與句意不符。故選 D。3. （2016 上海）This temple is one of buildings in the town. We must take action to protect it.A. oldB. olderC. oldestD. the oldestIWd涮獷句意：這座廟宇是這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)上最古老的建筑之一，我們必須采取行動(dòng)保護(hù)它。由“one

27、of+the +形容詞最高級(jí) +名詞復(fù)數(shù)”可知選 D。4. （2016 重慶 A 卷）一I think it 's necessary to learn how to work in groups. I quite agree. Sometimes it's even than grades.A. less important B. more important C. the least importantD. the most importantIWb資行句意：“我認(rèn)為學(xué)會(huì)怎樣分組工作是必要的。”“我非常同意。有時(shí)這甚至比成績(jī)更重要?！眑ess important 不如 重要

28、； more important 更重要；the least important 最不重要； the most important最重要，even修飾比較級(jí)，排除 C、D兩項(xiàng)；結(jié)合句意可知選 B。5. （2016 -廣東）Among the four seas off the coast of China , East China Sea is the second .A. deepB. deeperC. deepestD. the deepest情序C費(fèi)而句意：在中國(guó)沿岸的四個(gè)海中，東海是第二深海。“the+序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí)”表示“第幾大（長(zhǎng)、深等）”，結(jié)合句中的second可知其后用最高級(jí)，且不加定冠詞the,故選C。6. （2016 -安徽）Mr. Black's memory is getting . As a result, he often leaves his keys at home.A. olderB. poorerC. greaterD. betterIWb刷而句意：布萊克先生的記憶力正變得 。結(jié)果，他經(jīng)常將鑰匙忘在家里。older更老的；poorer更差的，更窮的；greater better更好。分析：既然他經(jīng)常將鑰匙忘在家 里，那么他的記憶力應(yīng)是變得越來(lái)越差。故選Bo7. （2016 江蘇常州）一Do you enjoy yourself a