計算機專業(yè)外文文獻及翻譯

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上微軟Visual Studio1微軟Visual StudioVisual Studio 是微軟公司推出的開發(fā)環(huán)境，Visual Studio 可以用來創(chuàng)建 Windows 平臺下的 Windows 應(yīng)用程序和網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用程序，也可以用來創(chuàng)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)、智能設(shè)備應(yīng)用程序和 Office 插件。Visual Studio是一個來自微軟的IDE，它可以用來開發(fā)由，、和支持的和以及應(yīng)用程序，和中連同。Visual Studio包含一個由和支持的。集成的工作既作為一個源代碼級調(diào)試器又可以作為一臺機器級調(diào)試器。其他內(nèi)置工具包括一個窗體設(shè)計應(yīng)用程序，網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計師，類設(shè)計師，設(shè)計師。它有幾

2、乎各個層面的插件增強功能，包括增加對支持系統(tǒng)（如和）并添加新的工具集設(shè)計和可視化編輯器，如或用于其他方面的的工具（例如客戶端：團隊資源管理器）。Visual Studio支持不同的的服務(wù)方式的語言，它允許代碼編輯器和調(diào)試器（在不同程度上）支持幾乎所有的，提供了一個語言特定服務(wù)的存在。內(nèi)置的語言中包括C/（通過）,（通過），（通過）和（作為Visual Studio 2010），為支持其他語言，如,和等，可通過安裝單獨的語言服務(wù)。它也支持/,/ ,和.為特定用戶提供服務(wù)的Visual Studio也是存在的：微軟Visual Basic，Visual J、Visual C和Visual C+。微

3、軟提供了“直通車”的Visual Studio 2010組件的Visual Basic和Visual C和Visual C + +，和Visual Web Developer版本，不需任何費用。Visual Studio 2010、2008年和2005專業(yè)版，以及Visual Studio 2005的特定語言版本（Visual Basic、C+、C、J），通過微軟的下載計劃，對學(xué)生免費。2架構(gòu)Visual Studio不支持任何編程語言，解決方案或工具本質(zhì)。相反，它允許插入各種功能。特定的功能是作為一個VS壓縮包的代碼。安裝時，這個功能可以從服務(wù)器得到。IDE提供三項服務(wù)：SVsSolutio

4、n，它提供了能夠列舉的項目和解決方案; SVsUIShell，它提供了窗口和用戶界面功能（包括標(biāo)簽，工具欄和工具窗口）和SVsShell，它處理VS壓縮包的注冊。此外，IDE還可以負責(zé)協(xié)調(diào)和服務(wù)之間實現(xiàn)通信。所有的編輯器，設(shè)計器，項目類型和其他工具都是VS壓縮包存在。Visual Studio使用訪問VSPackage。在Visual Studio 還包括了管理軟件包框架(MPF)，這是一套允許在寫的任何圍繞COM的接口。然而，MPF并不提供所有的Visual Studio COM功能。通過使用特定的VSPackage來支持的編程語言的服務(wù)，稱為語言服務(wù)。一個語言服務(wù)定義了各種接口，而這些VS

5、Package實現(xiàn)包可以實現(xiàn)添加功能支持多種。功能性的方式，可以添加包括語法著色，語句完成，括號匹配，參數(shù)信息工具提示，成員名單和背景匯編的錯誤標(biāo)記。如果接口完成，那么語言就可以使用這些功能。語言服務(wù)要在每個語言的基礎(chǔ)實施。重用代碼的實現(xiàn)可以從語言解析器實現(xiàn)。語言服務(wù)可以在或?qū)崿F(xiàn)。對于本機代碼，無論是本地COM接口或巴貝爾框架（部分Visual Studio SDK）都可以使用。對于托管代碼，MPF服務(wù)，包括托管語言編寫包裝。Visual Studio不包括任何內(nèi)建支援，但它定義了兩種可供選擇的源代碼控制系統(tǒng)的方法可以用IDE集成。一個源代碼控制VSPackage可以提供自己的定制的用戶界面。

6、與此相反，源代碼管理插件使用MSSCCI（Microsoft源代碼控制接口）提供了一個功能集的控制功能，用于落實各項源接口，用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Visual Studio用戶界面。MSSCCI首次使用集成 6.0，但后來在Visual Studio SDK中通過。Visual Studio.NET 2002使用MSSCCI 1.1，Visual Studio.NET 2003使用MSSCCI 1.2。Visual Studio 2005、2008和2010使用MSSCCI 1.3版，增加了重命名和刪除的支持以及異步傳輸。Visual Studio支持運行（每一個都有它自己的一套VSPackage）多個實例

7、的環(huán)境。這些實例使用不同的來存儲它們的配置狀態(tài)和區(qū)別他們的AppID（應(yīng)用程序ID）。實例都是由一開始的AppID-specific.exe文件選擇的AppID，設(shè)置根并啟動IDE。一個AppID的登記VSPackage中集成了其他的VSPackage。Visual Studio的各種產(chǎn)品版本，是使用不同的AppID。在版產(chǎn)品都設(shè)有自己的AppIds，但標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，專業(yè)和產(chǎn)品共享相同的AppID。因此，人們可以安裝Express版本并排側(cè)其他版本，不同的是其他版本更新相同的安裝。專業(yè)版包含標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版的超集VSPackage和包括對其他版本中的團隊套件的VSPackage超集。AppID系統(tǒng)由Visual

8、 Studio 2008的 Shell影響。3特點3.1代碼編輯器Visual Studio，像任何其它一樣，包括一個支持和的，不僅，和，就連語言，如結(jié)構(gòu)和都是使用的。在開發(fā)網(wǎng)站和時，智能感知是由內(nèi)部語言支持的，當(dāng)然和。編輯器中會自動彈出一個無模式列表框的代碼，覆蓋在上面。在Visual Studio 2008年起，它可暫時半透明地看到它阻礙了代碼。代碼編輯器是用于所有支持的語言。在Visual Studio代碼編輯器還支持設(shè)置快捷導(dǎo)航代碼書簽，其他助航設(shè)備包括折疊代碼塊和，還有正常的文本搜索與（在計算機科學(xué)中，是指一個用來描述或者匹配一系列符合某個句法規(guī)則的字符串的單個字符串。在很多文本編輯

9、器或其他工具里，正則表達式通常被用來檢索和/或替換那些符合某個模式的文本內(nèi)容）搜索。代碼編輯器還包括一個多項目和任務(wù)列表。代碼編輯器支持代碼片段，它保存模板重復(fù)的代碼，也可以被插入到正在進行這項工作到的代碼和項目自定義中。一個代碼片段管理工具也是這樣建立的。這些工具是在浮動窗口顯示，當(dāng)這個窗口不被使用或者停在屏幕一側(cè)時，可以將它設(shè)置成自動隱藏。在Visual Studio代碼編輯器也支持包括參數(shù)重新排序，變量和方法的重命名，的提取和內(nèi)部成員屬性的封裝等等。Visual Studio提供了背景編譯（也稱為增量編譯）。正在寫的代碼時，Visual Studio編譯背景為了強調(diào)它在提供反饋有關(guān)語法和

10、編譯錯誤，這時標(biāo)有紅色的波浪。警告標(biāo)有綠色下劃線。背景編譯不生成可執(zhí)行代碼，因為它需要一個不同的編譯器而不是一個生成可執(zhí)行代碼的編譯器。背景資料匯編最初是和語言一起推出的，但現(xiàn)在它已經(jīng)擴展到了所有內(nèi)部語言。3.2調(diào)試器Visual Studio包含一個既可以作為一個源代碼級調(diào)試器工作，并作為機器級調(diào)試器工作。它可工作在以及，可用Visual Studio支持的任何語言調(diào)試應(yīng)用程序。此外，它也可以附加到正在運行的進程，監(jiān)測和調(diào)試這些進程。如果源代碼的運行過程是可用的，它就會顯示代碼的運行。如果源代碼是不可用，它可以顯示。Visual Studio調(diào)試器還可以創(chuàng)建以及負荷調(diào)試它們。多線程程序也支持

11、。調(diào)試器可以被配置為一個應(yīng)用程序，運行在Visual Studio環(huán)境之外。調(diào)試器可以設(shè)置（允許執(zhí)行被暫時停止的位置）和監(jiān)視（用于監(jiān)視變量的值執(zhí)行進度）斷點。斷點是有條件的，這意味著他們條件滿足時觸發(fā)。代碼可以加強，即一次只運行一條（源代碼）。它可以步進它里面的功能來調(diào)試，或者步過，即執(zhí)行機構(gòu)的功能。也就是說，它允許代碼進行編輯，因為它的調(diào)試只有32位，不支持64位。在調(diào)試時，如果鼠標(biāo)指針徘徊在任何變量，其當(dāng)前值顯示在工具提示（“數(shù)據(jù)提示”），如果需要的話，它也可以修改。在編碼時，Visual Studio調(diào)試器讓某些職能援引手動Immediate工具窗口。方法參數(shù)提供的是在立即窗口。4設(shè)計V

12、isual Studio包括一個可視化設(shè)計，以幫助開發(fā)主機的應(yīng)用程序。這些工具包括：4.1 Windows窗體設(shè)計器Windows窗體設(shè)計器是用構(gòu)建應(yīng)用程序。它包括一個UI調(diào)色板和一些可以在窗體表面拖拽的控件（包括按鈕，進度條，標(biāo)簽，布局容器和其他控制），布局可以通過控制其他容器的框架控件或鎖定到窗體的一面來改變。顯示數(shù)據(jù)的控件（如文本框，列表框，網(wǎng)格視圖等）都可以到數(shù)據(jù)源，如或。UI是用一個模型與代碼關(guān)聯(lián)的。設(shè)計器會生成或應(yīng)用程序代碼。4.2 WPF設(shè)計WPF設(shè)計器，代號為Cider，用Visual Studio 2008介紹。像Windows窗體設(shè)計器一樣它支持拖拽。它是用來提交對象。它支

13、持所有功能，包括WPF的和自動布局管理。它為UI生成代碼。生成文件兼容，設(shè)計者為導(dǎo)向的產(chǎn)品。XAML代碼是聯(lián)系在一起的代碼使用模型。4.3網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計師/開發(fā)Visual Studio還包括一個網(wǎng)站編輯器，網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計器，允許被拖放部件。它是用于開發(fā)應(yīng)用程序和支持，和。它使用模型，連接ASP.NET代碼。從Visual Studio 2008年起，設(shè)計器的布局引擎所使用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)共享與。還有支持下載技術(shù)。4.4類設(shè)計器類設(shè)計器是用建模來編寫和編輯類（包括其成員和他們的訪問）。類設(shè)計器可以生成和代碼。它也可以生成手寫類的類圖。4.5數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)計這些數(shù)據(jù)可以用來設(shè)計圖形編輯，包括類型的表，主鍵和外鍵和約束。它也可

14、以用來設(shè)計圖形視圖從查詢。4.6繪圖設(shè)計器從Visual Studio 2008年起，測繪設(shè)計器使用來設(shè)計關(guān)系和封裝了數(shù)據(jù)。這種從ORM、新的解決方案，取代和提高了舊技術(shù)。Microsoft Visual Studio1 Microsoft Visual StudioMicrosoft Visual Studiois anfrom. It can be used to developandalong withapplications, andin bothtogether with for all platforms supported by,and.Visual Studio include

15、s asupportingas well as. The integratedworks both as a source-level debugger and a machine-level debugger. Other built-in tools include a forms designer for buildingapplications, web designer, designer, anddesigner. It accepts plug-ins that enhance the functionality at almost every levelincluding ad

16、ding support for systems (likeand) and adding new toolsets like editors and visual designers foror toolsets for other aspects of the(like theclient: Team Explorer).Visual Studio supports differentby means of language services, which allow the code editor and debugger to support (to varying degrees)

17、nearly any, provided a language-specific service exists. Built-in languages include/(via),(via),(via), and(as of Visual Studio 2010). Support for other languages such as, andamong others is available via language services installed separately. It also supports/,/,and. Individual language-specific ve

18、rsions of Visual Studio also exist which provide more limited language services to the user: Microsoft Visual Basic, Visual J#, Visual C#, and Visual C+.Microsoft provides Express editions of its Visual Studio 2010 components Visual Basic, Visual C#, Visual C+, and Visual Web Developer at no cost. V

19、isual Studio 2010, 2008 and 2005 Professional Editions, along with language-specific versions (Visual Basic, C+, C#, J#) of Visual Studio 2005 are available for free to students as downloads via Microsoftsprogram.2 ArchitectureVisual Studio does not support any programming language, solution or tool

20、 intrinsically. Instead, it allows plugging in various types of functionality. Specific functionality is coded as a VSPackage. When installed, the functionality is available as aService. The IDE provides three services: SVsSolution, which provides the ability to enumerate projects and solutions; SVs

21、UIShell, which provides windowing and UI functionality (including tabs, toolbars and tool windows); and SVsShell, which deals with registration of VSPackages. In addition, the IDE is also responsible for coordinating and enabling communication between services.All editors, designers, project types a

22、nd other tools are implemented as VSPackages. Visual Studio usesto access the VSPackages. The Visual Studioalso includes theManaged Package Framework(MPF), which is a set ofwrappers around the COM-interfaces that allow the Packages to be written in any.However, MPF does not provide all the functiona

23、lity exposed by the Visual Studio COM interfaces.The services can then be consumed for creation of other packages, which add functionality to the Visual Studio IDE.Support for programming languages is added by using a specific VSPackage called aLanguage Service. A language service defines various in

24、terfaces which the VSPackage implementation can implement to add support for various functionalities.Functionalities that can be added this way include syntax coloring, statement completion, brace matching, parameter information tooltips, member lists and error markers for background compilation.If

25、the interface is implemented, the functionality will be available for the language. Language services are to be implemented on a per-language basis. The implementations can reuse code from the parser or the compiler for the language. Language services can be implemented either inor. For native code,

26、 either the native COM interfaces or the Babel Framework (part of Visual Studio SDK) can be used.For managed code, the MPF includes wrappers for writing managed language services. Visual Studio does not include anysupport built in but it defines two alternative ways for source control systems can in

27、tegrate with the IDE.A Source Control VSPackage can provide its own customised user interface. In contrast, a source control plugin using theMSSCCI(Microsoft Source Code Control Interface) provides a set of functions that are used to implement various source control functionality, with a standard Vi

28、sual Studio user interface.MSSCCI was first used to integratewith Visual Studio 6.0 but was later opened up via the Visual Studio SDK. Visual Studio .NET 2002 used MSSCCI 1.1, and Visual Studio .NET 2003 used MSSCCI 1.2. Visual Studio 2005, 2008 and 2010 use MSSCCI Version 1.3, which adds support fo

29、r rename and delete propagation as well as asynchronous opening. Visual Studio supports running multiple instances of the environment. The instances use different registry(seesof the term registryhive in the sense used here) to store their configuration state and are differentiated by their AppId (A

30、pplication ID). The instances are launched by an AppId-specific .exe that selects the AppId, sets the root hive and launches the IDE. VSPackages registered for one AppId are integrated with other VSPackages for that AppId. The various product editions of Visual Studio are created using the different

31、 AppIds. Theedition products are installed with their own AppIds, but the Standard, Professional andproducts share the same AppId. Consequently, one can install the Express editions side-by-side with other editions, unlike the other editions which update the same installation. The professional editi

32、on includes a superset of the VSPackages in the standard edition and the team suite includes a superset of the VSPackages in both other editions. The AppId system is leveraged by thein Visual Studio 2008.3 Features3.1 Code editorVisual Studio, like any other, includes athat supportsandusingfor not o

33、nly, and but also language constructs likeand.IntelliSense is supported for the included languages, as well as forand forandwhen developing web sites and.Autocomplete suggestions are popped up in a modeless list box, overlaid on top of the code editor. In Visual Studio 2008 onwards, it can be made t

34、emporarily semi-transparent to see the code obstructed by it. The code editor is used for all supported languages.The Visual Studio code editor also supports setting bookmarks in code for quick navigation. Other navigational aids include collapsing code blocks an d, in addition to normal text search

35、 andsearch.The code editor also includes a multi-itemand a task list. The code editor supports code snippets, which are saved templates for repetitive code and can be inserted into code and customized for the project being worked on. A management tool for code snippets is built in as well. These too

36、ls are surfaced as floating windows which can be set to automatically hide when unused or docked to the side of the screen. The Visual Studio code editor also supportsincluding parameter reordering, variable and method renaming ,extraction and encapsulation of class members inside properties, among

37、others.Visual Studio features background compilation (also called incremental compilation).As code is being written, Visual Studio compiles it in the background in order to provide feedback about syntax and compilation errors, which are flagged with a red wavy underline. Warnings are marked with a g

38、reen underline. Background compilation does not generate executable code, since it requires a different compiler than the one used to generate executable code.Background compilation was initially introduced withbut has now been expanded for all included languages.3.2 DebuggerVisual Studio includes a

39、that works both as a source-level debugger and as a machine-level debugger. It works with bothas well asand can be used for debugging applications written in any language supported by Visual Studio. In addition, it can also attach to running processes and monitor and debug those processes.If source

40、code for the running process is available, it displays the code as it is being run. If source code is not available, it can show the. The Visual Studio debugger can also createas well as load them later for debugging.Multi-threaded programs are also supported. The debugger can be configured to be la

41、unched when an application running outside the Visual Studio environment crashes.The debugger allows setting breakpoints (which allow execution to be stopped temporarily at a certain position) and watches (which monitor the values of variables as the execution progresses). Breakpoints can be conditi

42、onal, meaning they get triggered when the condition is met. Code can be stepped over, i.e., run one line (of source code) at a time. It can eitherstep intofunctions to debug inside it, orstep overit, i.e., the execution of the function body isnt available for manual inspection. The debugger supports

43、Edit and Continue, i.e., it allows code to be edited as it is being debugged.When debugging, if the mouse pointer hovers over any variable, its current value is displayed in a tooltip (data tooltips), where it can also be modified if desired. During coding, the Visual Studio debugger lets certain fu

44、nctions be invoked manually from theImmediatetool window. The parameters to the method are supplied at the Immediate window.4 DesignerVisual Studio includes a host of visual designers to aid in the development of applications. These tools include:4.1 Windows Forms DesignerThe Windows Forms designer

45、is used to buildapplications using. It includes a palette of UIand controls (including buttons, progress bars, labels, layout containers and other controls) that can be dragged and dropped on a form surface. Layout can be controlled by housing the controls inside other containers or locking them to the side of the form. Controls that display data (like textbox, list box, grid view, etc.) can beto data sources likeor. The UI is linked with code using anmodel. The designer generates eitherorcode for the application.4.2 WPF DesignerThe