TRANSLATOLOGY術(shù)語

1、.翻譯學(xué)基本用語源語/譯出語source language(SL)譯語/譯入語target language(TL)原作者SL author 譯者(筆譯者)translator譯者(口譯者)interpreter讀者/接受者reader, receptor文本text原文/原著source text (ST), SL text, original text譯文target text, translation譯本/譯著translated text/translational work源語讀者source-language reader/SL reader源語文化 source-language

2、 culture/source culture譯語讀者target-language reader/TL reader/receiving audience譯語文化target-language culture/target culture/receiving culture語境context筆譯translation 口譯oral interpretation/oral translation/interpreting同聲傳譯simultaneous interpreting交替口譯consecutive interpreting翻譯原則translation principle標(biāo)準(zhǔn)tran

3、slation criterion (復(fù)數(shù)形式為criteria)翻譯過程translation process翻譯程序/步驟translation procedures反應(yīng)/讀者翻譯response/readers response 對應(yīng)(部分對應(yīng)/完全對應(yīng))(partial /full )correspondence等值/對等equivalence對等物(詞語)equivalent形式對等formal equivalence功能對等functional equivalence動態(tài)對等dynamic equivalence 等效equivalent effect 充分性adequacy可接受

4、性acceptability(acceptable, unacceptable, unacceptability)可讀性readability(readable) 可譯性translatability(translatable)不可譯性untranslatability(untranslatable) 理解understanding/comprehension表達(dá)expression再現(xiàn)reproduction/reformulation轉(zhuǎn)換transformation傳譯/轉(zhuǎn)移transferral/transfer誤解misunderstanding 誤譯mistranslation 偽譯

5、pseudo-translation異化foreignizing /source-oriented translation歸化domesticating/naturalization/target-accommodating translation 詞匯空缺lexical gap文化溝(空缺/非對應(yīng))cultural gap直譯literal translation/direct translation意譯free translation/liberal translation/semantic translation重復(fù)法repetition 增譯法/增詞法/增譯amplification/

6、addition減譯法/減詞法/省略法/省譯omission 詞類轉(zhuǎn)移法/詞性轉(zhuǎn)換conversion反譯法/正反譯法/反正譯法negation 移植法transplant(ing)/transplantation 音譯法transliteration具體化specification概括化generalization抽象化abstracting明析化explicitation譯借(語義轉(zhuǎn)借)calque(loan translation)加注法annotation夾注intratextual note腳注footnote尾注/文后注endnote注釋性翻譯annotated/commented

7、 translation釋義法/解釋法explanation/paraphrase 引申法extension替代法substitution/replacement 借用borrowing 推演法deduction 綴合法combination分譯法division 逆序法/倒置法reversing 合譯法combination綜合法mixture of methods 包孕embedding 切斷/分切cutting拆離splitting-off 插入inserting 重組recasting回譯back translation還原法 finding the original原汁原味essen

8、ce of the original, original flavor 詞序調(diào)整inversion 選詞diction 補(bǔ)償compensation視點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換shift of perspective套譯/仿譯/仿擬imitation信/忠實(shí)faithfulness/fidelity達(dá)/易懂intelligibility/expressiveness通順smoothness流暢fluency自然naturalness /idiomaticity雅/優(yōu)美elegance/gracefulness 簡潔brevity明析clarity簡明conciseness內(nèi)涵connotation含義implic

9、ation言外之意allocution本文意義(文本固有之意)inherent meaning (of the text)譯者隱形translators invisibility透明(度)transparency寧信而不順(魯迅語) rather to be faithful than smooth (“Id rather be faithful than smooth”)神似(傅雷語) spiritual resemblance化境(錢鐘書語)sublimation/transmigration of souls信、達(dá)、雅(嚴(yán)復(fù)語)faithfulness, expressiveness a

10、nd elegance三美: 音美,形美,意美(許淵沖語)the three beauties: beauty in sound, beauty in form and beauty in meaning東方語言O(shè)riental languages西方語言O(shè)ccidental languages 佛經(jīng)Buddhist Scriptures/sutra梵語Sanskrit 鳩摩羅什Kumarajiva 泰特勒(Alexander Fraser )Tytler奈達(dá)(Eugene A.) Nida 機(jī)器翻譯machine translation(MT)人工智能artificial intelligence(AI)翻譯translate, render, rephrase, reword, transmit, re-express, transmute, transmogrify, interpret, convert, transform, transpose, express, transfer, turn翻譯學(xué)translatology/Translation Studies 翻譯體/翻譯腔translationese死譯/硬譯mechanical translation逐字譯word-for-word translation/word-t