Description英文寫作-文檔資料

1、1DescriptionDescription of Places, Objects and People2ContentsvDefinition of descriptionvTypes of descriptionvWays to develop a description essayvDescription of a placevDescription of an objectvDescription of a personvAssignment3DescriptionvDescription is the type of writing that helps the reader to

2、 see what someone/some place/something is like. vOr we may say description is painting a picture in words of a person, place, object, or scene. vA description essay is generally developed through sensory details, or the impressions of ones senses-sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch,etc.vLeave ou

3、t the irrelevant ones and keep those which help to bring out the dominant characteristic or outstanding quality of the person or thing described. (sample 1)4Example of Adopting Sight- A Friendly ClownvOn one corner of my dresser sits a smiling toy clown on a tiny unicycle-a gift I received last Chri

4、stmas from a close friend. The clowns short yellow hair, made of yarn(紗線）, covers its ears but is parted above the eyes. The blue eyes are outlined in black with thin, dark lashes flowing from the brows. It has cherry-red cheeks, nose, and lips, and its broad grin disappears into the wide, white ruf

5、fle（花邊） around its neck. The clown wears a fluffy（蓬松的）, two-tone（兩種顏色的） nylon costume. The left side of the outfit is light blue, and the right side is red. The two colors merge in a dark line that runs down the center of the small outfit. Surrounding its ankles and disguising its long black shoes a

6、re big pink bows. The white spokes（車輪的輻條） on the wheels of the unicycle gather in the center and expand to the black tire so that the wheel somewhat resembles the inner half of a grapefruit. The clown and unicycle together stand about a foot high. As a cherished gift from my good friend Tran, this c

7、olorful figure greets me with a smile every time I enter my room.5Types of descriptionvObjective description-record details without making any personal comment.vSubjective description-the writer is free to interpret details for the reader/ audience.Note: Few descriptions outside of science writing,

8、however, are completely objective.6Ways to develop a description essayvThrough the impressions of ones senses-sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touchvUsing spatial order: describing the physical layout of the place(leftright, bottom top, clockwise/counterclockwise, insideoutside)vUsing chronological

9、 ordervUse specific wordsvDecide on the dominant impression7General and Specific Words for Good DescriptionvSpecific words help to make writing clear, exact, vivid, and striking, for they are more informative and expressive than general words. Compare:va good manvkind, honest, just, generous, sympat

10、hetic, warm-hearted, selfless, brave, honorablevgood foodvtasty, delicious, nourishing, rich, wholesome, fresh, appetizing, abundant vHousevmansion, villa（別墅）, chateau（莊園）, cottage, bungalow（平房）, cabin, hut, shack, shanty, barn(倉(cāng)房）8General and Specific Words for Good DescriptionvPracticevEg. Laugh :

11、smile, grin, chortle, guffaw, sneer, titter, gigglevCry: sob, weep, blubber, snivel, howl, bawl, wail, moan, vAnimal:vFlower : vWind :vRainvTree :vWalk:vAngry:vLook at:v9General and Specific Words for Good DescriptionvGeneral: It is often windy and dusty here in spring.Specific: In spring there is o

12、ften a very strong northwest wind. It carries so much fine dust with it that sometimes the sun becomes obscure. There is no escape from the fine dust; it gets into your eyes, your ears, your nostrils, and your hair. It goes through the cracks of closed windows and covers your desks and chairs.10Gene

13、ral and Specific Words for Good DescriptionvGeneral:General: The room was a mess. vSpecific:Specific: As I walked into the room I could barely find a clean place to step. There were clothes all over the floor, along with papers, books, and possibly what looked like an old, moldy sandwich. The stench

14、 was unbearable.11General and Specific Words for Good DescriptionvGeneral :I love the smell of sunshine. vSpecific: ?Your turn12Critical Reading on Description of an ObjectvRead the following three descriptive paragraphs about the sunshine and give your comments.v1. I Like the Smells of Sun Very Muc

15、hvI like the smells of sun. It is sweet, which tastes like an ice-cream. It has changeable color, which turns the plain ground become bright and full. It has soft sunshine, which let my body feel warm and comfortable. It has a quiet language, which makes a gentle whisper through my body and tells me

16、 what are the secrets of the sun. It has a wonderful power, which reflects the pure and the beautiful things in the world, brightens all the dark things up, and encourages me to overcome all the difficulties in my life. I like the smells of sun very much.v By student13Comment on Smells of the Sun by

17、 StudentvComment: The description is very imaginative but too abstract. Try to add more concrete examples to show why you like the smell of sun.142. Smells of the SunvI love the sun. I love the suns rays, light and warmth, especially the suns smells. When the sun comes again after the rain, I can in

18、hale the humid air made by the suns heat. In a sunny garden, the scent of the grass and of plants that carry the smells of the sun waft along in the breeze. I like sunning my bedclothes if it is a nice warm, sunshiny day, then the bedclothes gain an aroma of the sun after their sunbath. I ask my son

19、, “Can you smell the sun in your bedclothes?” He picks up a corner of his bedclothes, then bends his head close to them and breathes in deeply. He answers, “What a wonderful smell of the sun.” I enjoy the smells of the sun. v - By Xe Jiao15Comment on Smells of the Sun by Xe JiaovComment: Xe Jiao wri

20、tes of the suns smells in a short paragraph. She illustrates for us the power of concrete imagery, dialogue, and descriptive words.163. Free TranquilizervVancouvers summer sunshine makes me lazy. I indulge myself under the shade of the maple trees during the summer in Central Park in order to bask i

21、n Vancouvers sunshine. Especially when the wind waves the leaves and the sunlight slides through, it feels like velvet patting my body or like a furry cat rubbing me. I like to sit on the bench, which is on the southern shore of the lake. One day, an old Labrador dog sat beside me. Although there we

22、re many adults jogging, children giggling, and squirrels chasing around, the old Labrador was as solid as a rock; he closed his eyes and ears and made his daydream without a pause. (To be continued)17Free TranquilizervSometimes, when the sunlight stung his nose, he shifted his body one inch to avoid

23、 it, and when the flies buzzed around his head, he twitched his muscle or his ear to dispel the greedy flies who shared his sunlight. After absorbing enough energy, he trudged away contentedly. I love to sip this free tranquilizer during the summer in Vancouver. (-Anonymous writer)vComment: An excel

24、lent descriptive paragraph about the delights to be found at Central Park in Burnaby. 18Dominant Impression for Good Description vDecide on a dominant impression-an overall attitude, mood or feeling about the place you are describing(the hustle and bustle of a market place, a haunted castle, a breat

25、htaking scenery spot)19What Is the Dominant Impression in the Following Photos?20What Is the Dominant Impression in the Following Photos?21Describing a place22Describing a PlacevPlaces may be described for their own sake, as in essays on visits to famous scenic places, but also for the purpose of re

26、vealing the personality and character of a person, or creating a feeling or mood.vEg. A clean and tidy room might show that the occupant is an orderly person.vEg. The howling of a chilly wind, the falling of autumn leaves, a house standing in solitude on a barren mountain, all help to build up a som

27、ber mood and increase the feeling of depression.23Practice: What is the dominant impression of this place? This room was chill, because it seldom had a fire; it was silent, because remote from the nursery and kitchen; solemn, because it was known to be so seldom entered. The house-maid alone came he

28、re on Saturdays, to wipe from the mirrors and the furniture a weeks quiet dust: and Mrs. Reed herself, at far intervals, visited it to review the contents of a certain secret drawer in the wardrobe, where were stored divers parchments(羊皮紙古文稿）, her jewel-casket, and a miniature（微型人像畫） of her deceased

29、 husband. (By Charlotte Bronte)24Practice: What is the dominant impression of this place?vPossible Key: This description gives the reader a gloomy and lifeless impression and makes one feel chilly and frightened. This place appears to be ghost-haunted. vRead P150 on textbook 25Practice(in class)Writ

30、e a one-sentence dominant impression of the following places.nYour local supermarket on SaturdaynA reading-room in your university in the eveningnAn examination roomnPlayground 26Describing an object27Tips on how to describe an objectvState briefly how you got the object, if this is important.vProvi

31、de some basic factual information about it(its size, shape, texture, color, ect.)vPoint out its useful features(uses, functions, etc.)vFocus on a particular, probably the most important characteristic of the objectvState in what way the object is important to you28Reading on the SubjectvRead The Pic

32、kle Jar (5mins)vAnswer the following questions:nWhy doesnt the writer open his essay with a description of the pickle jars shape?nWhat method of organization does he chiefly use?nWhen was the pickle jar removed from the parents room and why was it put back?nIn what way did the pickle jar become a sy

33、mbol? A symbol of what?29Describing a person30Description of a PersonvIn describing a person, the writer should not merely give details of his appearance. He should try to reveal the persons character, thoughts, and feelings, which may be shown in what the person does and says, or in how he behaves

34、to others.vIt is important to grasp the characteristic features that distinguish him from all other people.Those features that he shares with others can be omitted.vPeculiarities and idiosyncrasies of a person, if any, should be included in the description, for they usually impress the reader deeply

35、 and give life to the person described.vShow the person in action-showing a person(indirect description)vUse anecdotes31Ways to Describe a PersonvDescribe his/her appearance vDescribe his/her languagevDescribe his/her behaviorvDescribe his/her mannervDescribe his/her psychology vEtc.32Words Describi

36、ng a PersonvAdjectives to describe a personvModest/Decorous端莊穩(wěn)重的/Self-effacing謙讓的/Easy-going/Quiet/Demure嫻靜的/Unassuming平易近人的/Soft-spoken/Compatible能謙容的/Amiable 親切的/Without air /Affable 和藹的/Good-humored 脾氣好的/Obliging 照顧周到的/Considerate考慮周到的/Cordial /Gregarious 合群的/Impartial 公正的Ardent/enthusiastic/zeal

37、ous 熱情的/Erudite 博學(xué)的/Versatile /Diligent /Thrifty/frugal 節(jié)約的Optimistic 樂(lè)觀的Open and above board 正大光明/Calm, cool and collected 鎮(zhèn)靜沉著/Introverted/Extroverted33Physical Appearance v描述身材常用的形容詞有:vtall,small,short,of medium height v描述體型的有:vfat, thin, slim, big, small, of medium build, strong, obese等. v描述相貌的有

38、: vbeautiful, pretty, good-looking, charming, sweet, handsome, funny, ugly, peculiar, rough, ill-looking, homely34Physical Appearancev體格（build）: fat; thin; slim; skinny; overweight; slight; well-buildv身高 （height） :medium height;average height; below average; tall; short; tallish; middle-sized;of med

39、ium height; 1.78 metersv臉型（face）: round; thin; long; square vA. She has a very pleasant smile and she always has a twinkle in her eye. vB. She was young,with a fair,calm face that showed a certain strength.35Physical Appearancev頭發(fā)（hair）: v(1) 發(fā)型（hair style）: vstraight; curly; pigtails; crew cut平頭; b

40、aldvHer hair is brown and curly. v(2) 發(fā)色(hair color): vjet-black 烏黑的; fair 金色的; blonde 淡黃色的; golden 金黃色的; dyed 染色的; brunette 淺黑色的; mousey 灰褐色的; chestnut 栗色的. vShe is a beautiful girl with fair hair. vThe middle-aged man already has double chins and receding hairline. 36Physical Appearancev五官:v(1) 眼睛

41、（eye）: vdeep-set; sunken 凹陷的; bulging/protruding 凸出的; eyelashes; eyebrows. vA. His eyes are deep-set because he has worked till midnight for a long time. v他的眼睛深陷，因?yàn)樗@段時(shí)間經(jīng)常工作到深夜。vB. He had the most beautiful blue eyes I had ever seen. 37Physical Appearancev(2) 鼻子(nose): vlong; straight; big; small; f

42、lat; hooked. vA. He was born a hooked nose. vB. His nose is very big, so he doesnt like it. v(3) 嘴部(mouth): vtooth; even; uneven; chinvA. When he laughs, we see his even teeth. vB. She has a double chin.v 38Physical Appearancev服飾（dress）: vsmart 瀟灑的; scruffy 邋遢的； well-dressed 衣著華麗的; casual 隨便的; conse

43、rvative 不顯眼的; elegant 優(yōu)雅的; fashionable 時(shí)髦的; suave 文雅的; untidy 不整潔的. vA. He looks casual just wearing a tweed suit. v他穿了一件花格子襯衫，看上去很隨便。vB. She always dress very elegant and tidy. v她總是穿著優(yōu)雅整潔。 39LanguagevWell-educatedvEducatedvNot well-educatedvIlliteratevExample for “not well-educated”vOne day I found

44、 Tony at our meeting place behind the garage. I want to be prentice, he said. vMr. Craw, he said, I like a buy a house. 40Behaviorv快樂(lè)vA.He is very happy and sweet. vB.They didnt know what to do with themselves for joy. vC.He jumped for fun. vD . H e r f a c e brightened up. v滿意 vA.The result is sati

45、sfactory. vB.It is difficult to please everybody. vC.There is always a smile of contentment on her face. vD.She belongs to those who are very difficult to satisfy. vE.Seeing their task finished gives them a sense of satisfaction. 41Behaviorv驚訝 vA.Im surprised to find you here. vB.Its nothing to b e

46、surprised about. vC.To my surprise, he didnt come yesterday. vD.She looked at me in amazement. vE.Her appearance fairly took my breath away. vF.Everyone looked at her in astonishment. v悲傷 vA.He looks so sad. vB.He is no stranger to sorrow. vC.His sad story makes her feel pity. vD.His wifes disease t

47、ook away his appetite. vE.The news depresses her. 42Behaviorv憤怒 vA.She was burning with anger. vB.He easily loses his temper. vC.He was in a rage. vD.She was red with anger. vSpeak/ say/ talk/ tell /chat/ gossip vA.Can you child speak yet? vB.He said he wanted to go to town. vC.I want to talk to you

48、 about an urgent matter. vD.Tell me what happened. vE.They dropped in for a chat last night. vF.You shouldnt listen to gossip. 43Model 1: A talkative personvHe is so talkative that whenever he chooses you as his listener, whether you are willing or not, you cant escape from him without helplessly giving up 2 or 3 hours of your pr