托福聽力十三原則之十一和十二-

1、 地址:北京市海淀區(qū)海淀北二街8號(hào) 中關(guān)村SOHO A 區(qū) 2層托福聽力十三原則之過程原則和態(tài)度原則前程百利托福微課 托福聽力部分的考試一定要記筆記,但是記筆記也是有竅門的,不能全篇一律,把每一個(gè)單詞都記錄下來。這樣的筆記也就等于沒有記。下面是小編根據(jù)前程百利托福微課為大家整理的筆記。一、托福聽力十三原則之十一過程原則1. 過程原則的概念:是指在地質(zhì),生物、天文、藝術(shù)史等涉及到發(fā)展過程中的講座,往往會(huì)涉及到事物發(fā)展的先后順序及和過程,這樣的文章特別容易設(shè)置排序題。同學(xué)們要特別關(guān)注表示先后順序的關(guān)鍵詞,把步驟一個(gè)一個(gè)的順序排列,理清楚事物發(fā)展的過程,是怎樣一步一步變化的。2. 過程原則的常見信號(hào)

2、詞:起步階段的詞: start with/begin with /commence/set out/in the first stage . 隨后階段的詞: then/after that /next/be followed by/subsequently.最后階段:finally/eventually/at last/ultimately.3.過程原則例子:聽力講座:地質(zhì) TPO1 lecture 2的第十四題,就要求我們把全文聽一遍然后才能開始做這個(gè)排序題。14. In the talk, the professor describes the sequence of uranium-le

3、ad dating. Summarize the sequence by putting the events in the correct order.Drag your answer choices to spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on itZircon in the sandstone is matched to the zircon in a particular mountain range. The amount of lead in sandstone zircon is measure

4、dThe age of zircon in a sandstone sample is determined二、托福聽力十三原則之十二態(tài)度原則1. 態(tài)度原則的概念:教授在課堂上對(duì)其所討論的話題所持的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度,或者是師生互動(dòng),學(xué)生給出答案后老師做出相應(yīng)的評(píng)價(jià)。這樣的內(nèi)容一般都會(huì)設(shè)置重聽題,態(tài)度題,教授也不會(huì)有話直說, 地址:北京市海淀區(qū)海淀北二街8號(hào) 中關(guān)村SOHO A 區(qū) 2層也會(huì)稍微繞一下彎子。 2.做好態(tài)度題的注意事項(xiàng):一是要注意教授在講課過程中的語氣語調(diào)的起伏變化,比較容易出題的地方就是教授的重音,放慢語速或停頓。二是、要特別注意教授講課過程中轉(zhuǎn)述別人關(guān)于他講的某個(gè)話題所做的研究或?qū)嶒?yàn)

5、結(jié)論,一般轉(zhuǎn)述之后教授就會(huì)發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度,這是聽記和理解的觀點(diǎn)。三是、要特別注意上課過程中學(xué)生的質(zhì)疑和提問,這時(shí)教授的回應(yīng)就是聽記的要點(diǎn)。2.態(tài)度原則的信號(hào)詞:一種是結(jié)尾詞:文章結(jié)尾部分就能就整篇文章所講到的內(nèi)容或其中的某些部分發(fā)表看法或者進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。Support /not support/agree/disagree/against/subscribe to.第二種是research/study/guess/hypothesis/assumption 中l(wèi)ecture 中經(jīng)常會(huì)講到科學(xué)家們做了一個(gè)假設(shè),然后為了假設(shè)做了一系列的研究,它后面的結(jié)果一般情況下有四種情況。假設(shè)驗(yàn)證:confir

6、m/true/correct/exactly what we suppose.假設(shè)被推翻:false/wrong/think carefully/think critically.未完待續(xù):still/need more evidence.無解:unanswerable/no clear-answer to this question.第三種是語起強(qiáng)烈的地方:如果語氣比較強(qiáng)烈,就有可能是表達(dá)態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn),請(qǐng)同學(xué)們務(wù)必注意教授在講課過程中語氣起伏的地方。3.態(tài)度原則的例子:OK. Well, Watson makes the assumption that muscular activity is

7、 equivalent to thinking. But given everything weve been talking about here, one has to ask: are there alternatives to this motor theory this claim that muscular activities are equivalent to thinking? Is there anything else that might account for this change in muscular activity, other than saying th

8、at it is thinking? And the answer is clearly yes. Is there any way to answer the question definitively? I think the answer is no.你讓他們閉上眼睛想在左右各兩樣?xùn)|西,然后仔細(xì)觀察他們的眼睛。如果你仔細(xì)觀察的話,你會(huì)清晰發(fā)現(xiàn)他們眼睛的活動(dòng)也就是說,你能看到他們眼球的運(yùn)動(dòng)。之后,你跟他們說想其中一個(gè)然 地址:北京市海淀區(qū)海淀北二街8號(hào) 中關(guān)村SOHO A 區(qū) 2層后我告訴你想的是什么。好嘞,嗯,沃森假設(shè)肌肉運(yùn)動(dòng)等同于思維。但就我們今天討論的這一切,有人不免要問:有與機(jī)動(dòng)理論相仿的理論聲稱肌肉運(yùn)動(dòng)等同于思維的理論嗎?有無可以解釋肌肉活動(dòng)的這種變