漢英翻譯練習(xí)20段

1、1 過年在從前的農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)里，中國人最重要的節(jié)日就是過年。對過去的一年來說，這是結(jié)束；對未來的一年來說，這是開始。一進(jìn)入臘月，街頭巷尾就充滿了過年的氣氛，這種氣氛要持續(xù)一個(gè)半月之久。大家不僅借著各種游樂節(jié)目來調(diào)劑一年來的辛勞，同時(shí)也在游樂中流露著一種樂觀進(jìn)取的精神。過年時(shí)，每家門上都貼上了春聯(lián)，耀眼的紅紙?jiān)黾恿巳藗兊南矚?，?yōu)美的字句提供了勉勵(lì)。SpringFestivalInChina'sformerlyagriculturalsociety,SpringFestivalwasthemostimportantholiday.Itwastheendofthepreviousyearandt

2、hebeginningofthenext.Whenthetwelfthmonthofthelunaryearbegan,thehappinessofnew-yearcelebrationpervadedthestreetsforamonthandahalf.Peoplesoughtrelieffromthepreviousyear'sscrollswereputonthedoorsofeveryfamilyinSpringFestival:theshinyredscrollsincreasinghappinessandtherhythmicwordsgivingencouragemen

3、t.2 亞歐合作中國有句古話：“相知無遠(yuǎn)近，萬里尚為鄰”。中國與亞洲各國山水相連，共同鑄就了燦爛的亞洲文明；古老而美麗的“絲綢之路”，譜寫了中歐千年往來的美好篇章。中國與亞歐各國的互利合作正在步入下一個(gè)全新的階段。中國將致力于同亞歐各國發(fā)展富有活力和長期穩(wěn)定的全面合作關(guān)系，與亞歐各國相互支持，攜手前進(jìn)，共創(chuàng)美好未來。Euro-AsianCooperationInChina,thereisanoldsaying,“Longdistancesneverseparateclosefriends.”Linkedandintertwinedbymountainsandrivers,Chinaandoth

4、erAsiancountrieshavehelpedtobuildasplendidAsiancivilization.TheancientSilkRoadrecordedgreatchaptersinthehistoryofexchangebetweenChinaandEuropeinpreviousmillennia.Now,ChinaandotherAsiancountriesaswellasEuropeancountrieshavemarchedintoabrand-newearofcooperationandmutualbenefit.Chinawilldevoteitselftob

5、uildingdynamic,stable,andlong-termcooperationinvariousfieldsacrossAsiaandEuropeandmarchingforward,withothercountriesonthetwocontinents,inaconcertedefforttoattainabrighterfuture.3 四合院中國舊時(shí)家庭重視家庭成員間的長幼有序和倫理觀念，其住宅為了適應(yīng)這種需要建成了四合院。在高高的基地上，中間是正房，兩邊是廂房。房屋的分配按輩分的大小來決定，長輩住正房，晚輩住廂房。富貴人家的房屋也是四合院，只是院落較多而已。宮廷和寺廟，院

6、落更大，一道一道地進(jìn)去，更使人有種莊嚴(yán)高貴的感覺。隨著時(shí)代的演變，現(xiàn)在中國都市里的房屋很多已經(jīng)西化了，雖然住進(jìn)了一排排的公寓，但是他們生活的方式仍然保持著過去的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)。QuadrangleCourtyardQuadranglecourtyardsweredesignedbytheChinesetomeettheneedsbothofancientfamilyhierarchyandofconceptsofcivilethics.Theprincipalroominthecourtyardislocatedinthemiddle,onahighfoundationwithwing-roomso

7、nbothsides.Theseroomsweredistributedaccordingtoseniorityinthefamily,withtheelderslivingintheprincipalroomsandthejuniorsinthewing-rooms.Therichfamilyusedthesamestyleofhomewithmorerooms,whichcorrespondedwiththewealthoffamily.EvenChinesepalacesandtemplesboasthugecourtyards.Tobeenteredonebyone,anddesign

8、edtofilltheentrantswithasenseofsolemnityandnobleness.Withthechangeofthetimes,manyhousesinChinesecitieshavebecomewesternized.Thoughlivingintheapartments,theChinesestillpreservetheirgoodtraditionalwaysofliving.4 文化沙漠有人把香港說成是“文化沙漠”。實(shí)際上，香港有著其獨(dú)特的文化氛圍。這座城市特殊的歷史和地理因素造就了一種多樣化的文化。香港的電影制作名列世界前茅。其流行歌曲在全球華人中有著廣

9、泛的影響，而且還有八所知名的大學(xué)。每年一度由政府主辦的藝術(shù)嘉年華為當(dāng)?shù)厮囆g(shù)家展示其獨(dú)創(chuàng)性提供了一個(gè)廣闊的平臺(tái)，并鼓勵(lì)更多人參與文化藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作，為中國的文化繁榮作出了許多創(chuàng)新和突破。CulturalDesertHongKongiscalledbysomepeoplea“culturaldesert”.Asamatteroffact,HongKongenjoysauniqueculturalsetting.ThediversifiedcultureofHongKongcanbeattributedtoitsspecialhistoryandlocation.Intermsoffilm-making,

10、itranksamongthetoplocationsintheworld,anditspopsongshavehadanextensiveinfluenceamongChineseglobally.Moreover,therearealsoeightwell-knownuniversitiesinHongKong.Anannualartcarnivalhostedbythegovernmenthasprovidedabroadstageforlocalartiststoexhibittheiroriginalityandencouragedmorepeopletogetinvolvedint

11、heproductionofculturalandartworks,thusfosteringinnovationandbreakthroughfortheprosperityofChineseculture.5 婚姻中國人稱結(jié)婚為中國大事，國為中國人的家庭觀念很重，認(rèn)為齊家是治國的根本。中國感人不斷告訴讀書人，要想替國家做事，必須先把家庭治理好。中國人不僅把婚姻看成一男一女的結(jié)合，還把它當(dāng)作社會(huì)的基礎(chǔ)，是很莊重的事，一點(diǎn)也不能馬虎。舊式的中國婚姻，并不是自己選擇，而是由家長做主，還需要媒人的介紹。到了現(xiàn)代，婚姻由自己做主，但是仍要征求家長同意。MarriageChinesepeopledef

12、inemarriageasalifelongevent,becausetheyhaveastrongfamilyideal,withthebeliefthatrunningagoodfamilyisthefoundationforrunningthecountry.Chineseancientskeptwarningscholarsthattheyshouldruntheirfamilieswellbeforetheycouldworkforthecountry.Therefore,Chinesepeopleregardmarriagenotonlyastheunionofamanandawo

13、man,butalsoasthefoundationofsociety,whichshouldbetreatedwithsolemnityandwithouttheleastrashness.InoldChinesemarriagearrangements,onedidn'tchoosehisorherspouse,whowasinsteadarrangedbytheparentswiththehelpofmatchmakers.Inmoderntimes,onechooseshisorherownmarriagepartner,butstillwiththeassentofthepa

14、rents.6 .上海上海是一座朝氣蓬勃、充滿活力、多姿多彩的國際大都市。改革開放以來，上海變化之大令世人矚目。經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展，社會(huì)秩序穩(wěn)定，人民安居樂業(yè)，呈現(xiàn)出一片繁華景象。今天，盡管上海還有著不少色彩斑斕的過去可以留戀和回味，但城市日新月異的面貌卻使越來越多的人折服。浦西展示了上海的輝煌歲月，浦東展現(xiàn)了上海的美好前景。上海就像一輪紅日，光芒四射，鮮艷奪目。ShanghaiShanghaiisadynamic,vigorousandversatileinternationalmetropolis.Sincetheadoptionofthereformandopening-uppolicy,sh

15、anghaihaswitnessedtremendouschangeswhichattractedworldwideattention.Theeconomyisdevelopingrapidly,socialorderisstable,andthepeopleliveandworkinpeaceandcontentment,presentingasceneofprosperity.Today,whileShanghaihasmanyremnantsofitscolorfulpastforpeopletoponderover,itsever-changingoutlookhasfilledmor

16、eandmorepeoplewithgreatadmiration.Puxiexhibitsthecity'sgloriouspast,andPudongunfoldsitsbrightfuture.Shanghaiislikearisingsun,shiningwithboundlessradianceandbrilliantcolor.7 .中國人的住宅以前中國人在蓋房子的時(shí)候，都要先請人看分水，看似迷信，也并非沒有道理。按照中國人的想法，任何建筑物都不應(yīng)該破壞大自然的和諧，而且要讓建筑物和大自然融為一體。住在這種房子里的人，會(huì)覺得自己不是關(guān)在籠子里，而是生活在寧靜的大自然里面。所

17、以，中國人蓋房子，通常都坐北朝南，以便接受冬天的陽光與夏日的清風(fēng)。這種房子冬暖夏涼，住在里面非常舒服。ChineseHousingChinesepeopleusedtoinviteexpertstoadvisetheminfengshuiprinciplebeforebuildingahouse.Itseemstobesuperstitious,butsomehowmakessense.AccordingtotheChinesepeople,nobuildingshouldmartheharmonyofthenature,butinsteadblendintonature.Thoselivin

18、ginsuchhouseswouldnotfeelconfinedincages,butasiftheywerelivinginserenenature.Thus,Chinesehouseusuallyfacethesouthsoastohavewarmsunshineinwinterandcoolbreezesinsummer.Thehouse,warminwinterandcoolinsummer,iscomfortableforaccommodation.8 .蘇州蘇州地處長江下游，氣候溫和，土地肥沃，再加上湖泊密布、水道縱橫，自唐代以來就有“魚米之鄉(xiāng)”的美稱。歷史記載表明，早在兩千多年

19、前的春秋戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期，這一帶的漁業(yè)已經(jīng)相當(dāng)發(fā)達(dá)。蘇州還是一個(gè)多水多橋、引人入勝的風(fēng)光城市。居民住房前有街后臨橋，水道、街坊相交處都建有橋梁?，F(xiàn)存的宋代石刻“平江圖”上注明的就有304座橋。SuzhouSituatedinthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiverandblessedwithamildclimate,fertileandsoil,andnumerouslakesandwaterwaysacrosstheregion,Suzhouhasenjoyedareputationas“alandofmilkandhoney”eversincetheTangDynasty.

20、HistoricalrecordsshowthattheregionwasfairlyadvancedinfisheryandfarmingintheSpringandAutumnPeriodandtheWarringStatesover2000yearsago.Suzhouisafascinatingcityoftouristattractions,dottedwithbridgesatthebackdoors.Bridgesarebuiltwhereverwaterwaysandstreetscross.TheMapofPingjiangDistrict,awell-preservedci

21、tymapfromtheSongDynastycarvedonastoneplate,indicatedthatduringthatperiodtherewere304bridges.9 .琴棋書畫中國人最懂得消遣，中國從前的讀書人，閑暇時(shí)間以琴棋書畫作為消遣。在中國人看來，藝術(shù)品的好壞，意味著作者人格的高低，所以彈琴、下棋、寫字和繪畫，都代表著一個(gè)人的修養(yǎng)。彈琴不是要做音樂家，而是隨著美妙的琴聲，進(jìn)入一個(gè)遼闊的世界，凈化自己的心靈。下棋不是為了勝負(fù)，而是磨練耐性和使人眼光遠(yuǎn)大。寫字不僅是把字寫漂亮，同時(shí)也是為了陶冶情操。繪畫則是借著畫面上的簡單線條，表現(xiàn)自己的想象的世界。Music,Ches

22、s,CalligraphyandPaintingChinesepeoplehavethebestideaaboutrecreation.Scholarsofancienttimesenjoyedthemselvesthroughmusic,chess,calligraphyandpaintingintheirleisuretime.IntheeyesoftheChinesepeople,thequalityoftheartifactsisareflectionofthecharacterofthecreator.Thus,playingmusicalinstruments,playingche

23、ss,writingcalligraphyorpaintingshowone'sculture.Byplayingmusic,onedoesnotaimtobeamusicianbuttoenterabroaderworld,purifyingone'ssoulinthebeautifulmusic.Byplayingchess,onedoesnotaimtobethewinnerbuttocultivatepatienceandforesight.Bycalligraphy,oneaimsnotonlytowritebeautifullybutalsotoimprovehis

24、mind.Throughpainting,oneexpressesanimaginaryworldwithsimplelines.10 .杭州杭州位于浙江省北部，是中國古老的風(fēng)景名稱。杭州不僅風(fēng)景奇麗，名勝古跡眾多，與杭州有關(guān)的傳說和故事也甚為美麗動(dòng)人。幾千年過去了，杭州依然和以前一樣有吸引力。杭州是如此美麗，很多人在這都是留戀忘返。唐代詩人白居易寫了很多贊美杭州西湖的詩。古意大利旅行者馬可波羅在元代來到了中國，對杭州異常喜愛，用他的話來說“杭州是全世界最美的城市?！盚angzhouHangzhou,anancientcityrenownedforitspicturesquescenery,i

25、ssituatedinthenorthernpartofZhengjiangProvince.Hangzhouhasmanyscenicspotsandhistoricalsitesaswellasbeautifulandmovinglegendsandstoriesassociatedwithit.Thousandsofyearshavepassedsincethecitywasfounded,yetHangzhouisasattractiveasever.Hangzhouissobeautifulthatmanypeoplearereluctanttoleaveit.Baijuyi,afa

26、mouspoetduringtheTangDynasty,wrotemanypoemstodescribethebeautyofHangzhou'sWestLake.MarcoPolo,anancientItaliantraveler,cametoChinainYuanDynasty,andexpressedgreatadmirationforHangzhou.Inhisownwords,”Hangzhouisthemostbeautifulcityintheworld.”11 長城長城如同一條蛟龍，由東向西蜿蜒伸展，經(jīng)過沙漠、草原、山脈、高原，全長約6700千米。長城是人類文明史上最

27、偉大的建筑工程，它始建于2000多年前的春秋戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期，秦朝統(tǒng)一中國之后連成萬里長城。漢、明兩代又曾大規(guī)模修筑。其工程這浩繁，氣勢這雄偉，堪稱世界奇跡。如今當(dāng)您登上昔日長城的遺址，不僅能目睹逶迤于群山峻嶺之中的長城雄姿，還能領(lǐng)略到中華民族創(chuàng)造歷史的大智大勇。Justlikeagiganticdragon,theGreatWallofChinawindsupanddownacrossdeserts,grasslands,mountainsandplateaus,stretchingapproximately6,700kilometersfromeasttowestacrossChina.TheGr

28、eatWallisoneofthegreatestarchitectureinthehistoryofcivilizationandwasbuiltintheSpringandAutumnPeriodandWarringStatesPeriodover2,000yearsago.ManypartsofthewallwerejoinedtogetherafterChina'sunificationintheQinDynastyandrenovatedintheHanDynastyandtheMingDynasty.Theymysteryoftheconstructionandthegra

29、ndeuroftheprojectisamiracleintheworld.MountingtheGreatWalltoday,youwillmarvelnotonlyatthegrandwallwindingalongthemountainsandvalleys,butatthegreattenacityoftheChinesepeopleincreatingtheiruniquehistory.12 酒和茶酒和茶能給人增加生活情趣，可是不懂生活藝術(shù)的人，就享受不到這種情趣。飲酒喝茶都要慢慢品嘗，細(xì)細(xì)玩味，才能得到美妙的感受。能有幾樣可口的小菜，兩三位談得來的朋友，大家聚在一起小斟，那真是人

30、生樂事。至于喝茶，就是沒有朋友陪伴，也可以一人獨(dú)享。如果有一杯新茶，一卷好書，坐在那兒慢慢地享受，可能比做皇帝還自在呢。LiquorandTeaLiquorandteaaddspicetolife,whichcannotbeappreciatedwithoutaknowledgeoftheartoflife.Onehastosipandsavorbothliquorandteasoastoappreciatetheirfascinatingpleasures.Itisgreatpleasureinlifetodrinkwithtwoorthreeintimatefriends,whileeat

31、ingdeliciousfood.Asfortea,onecanenjoyitalone,withoutthecompanyoffriends.Itismorepleasurablethanbeinganemperortoenjoyoneselfinleisurewithacupoffreshteaandagoodbook.13 和平發(fā)展中國堅(jiān)定不移地走和平發(fā)展道路，是基于中國國情的必然選擇。1840年鴉片戰(zhàn)爭以后的100多的里，中國受盡了列強(qiáng)的欺辱。消除戰(zhàn)爭，實(shí)現(xiàn)和平，建設(shè)獨(dú)立富強(qiáng)、民生幸福的國家，是近代以來中國人民孜孜以求的奮斗目標(biāo)。今天的中國雖然取得了巨大的發(fā)展成就，但人口多，底子薄，發(fā)

32、展不平衡，仍然是世界是最大的發(fā)展中國家。推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展，不斷改善人民生活始終是中國的中心任務(wù)。堅(jiān)持走和平發(fā)展道路，是中國實(shí)現(xiàn)國家富強(qiáng)、人民幸福的必由之路。PeacefulDevelopmentChina'sadherencetopeacefuldevelopmentisaninevitablechoicebasedonthecountry'snationalcondition.Inthe100-plusyearsaftertheOpiumWarin1840,Chinasufferedgreathumiliationatthehandsoftheworld'sgreat

33、powers.Theeliminationofwars,themaintenanceofpeaceandtheestablishmentofanindependentandprosperouscountryofhappycitizensistheultimategoaloftheChinesepeopleinmoderntimes.DespitetremendousgrowthinmodernChina,thecountryisstillthelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld,withalargepopulation,aweakeconomicfoundat

34、ionandratherunevendevelopment.Thepromotionofsocio-economicdevelopmentandthecontinuousimprovementofpersonallivelihoodhavebeenthemajorfocusofChina.PeacefuldevelopmentistheonlywaytoachieveprosperityforChinaandhappinessforitspeople.14 誠信原則中國人以前都生活在大家庭里，有很多親戚互相來往。男人在外面做事謀生，也會(huì)結(jié)交許多朋友。中國人交朋友，秉持的最重要的原則是“誠”和“

35、信”。自己以誠心待人，自然可以換來真實(shí)的友誼；尊重別人，自然會(huì)被別人尊重。而且要信守諾言，絕不欺騙。中國人不僅把這些原則應(yīng)用在私人的交往上，在和其他國家辦理外交的時(shí)候，也同樣遵守這些原則。SincerityandFaithfulnessInthepast,theChineselivedinextendedfamilygroups,withmanyrelativesastheirsocialcontacts.Themenofthefamilywouldalsomakemanyfriendsinthecourseofmakingtheirwayintheworld.Chinesepeopletry

36、tomaintaintwomostimportantprinciplesinfriendship:sincerityandfaithfulness.Theyexchangesincerityfortruefriendshipasmightbeexpected,andreceiverespectbyrespectingothers.Theykeeptheirpromiseswithdeceit.Chinesepeoplenotonlyapplytheseprinciplesinpersonalcontacts,butalsofollowthemintheirdiplomaticrelations

37、withothercountries.15 種花賞花種花和賞花是中國人日常的消遣。在詩人和畫家的筆下，花兒更是多姿多彩。一年四季中，有許多花兒先后開放。中國人最愛的花兒，有牡丹、荷花、菊花、梅花。春天是牡丹盛開的時(shí)節(jié)。夏天荷花盛開，它雖然從污泥中生長出來，卻是純潔芳香，很像高尚的君子。秋風(fēng)吹起，樹上的葉子落了，只有菊花不怕風(fēng)霜，傲然開放。在冰天雪地的冬天，沒有一點(diǎn)兒生氣，梅花仍然在風(fēng)雪中盛開。梅花最能代表中國人不屈不撓的精神。PlantingandAdmiringflowersPlantingandadmiringflowersareadaily-liferecreationofChinese

38、people.Flowersarediversebeautifulintheworksofpoetsandpainters.Manykindsofflowersappearinsuccessivebloomthroughtheseasons.SomeofthefavoriteflowersinChinasarepeonies,lotuses,chrysanthemumsandplumblossoms.Springistheidealtimeforpeonies.Insummer,lotusesareinfullbloom,pureandfragrantlikenoblegentlemen,th

39、oughtheyemergefromthedirtymud.Whentheautumnwindblowsofftheleaves,thechrysanthemumsblossomagainstwindandfrost.Inthelifelesswinterworldoficeandsnow,plumblossomsareinfullbloomagainstwindandsnow.TheChineseconsiderplumblossomstoberepresentativeoftheirownenduringspirit.16 廟會(huì)在中國各地，過去不論鄉(xiāng)村、城市，到處都有廟。每年到了佛祖或神靈

40、的祭日，都在廟前廣場上搭臺(tái)演戲。這時(shí)候，大家都來看戲，小販也前來擺地?cái)?，做生意。逛廟會(huì)的人們，既可以進(jìn)香，又可以看戲，還可以買東西。因此在廟會(huì)期間，天天都是非常熱鬧的。人們坐車子走幾十里路，除了燒香還愿之外，還達(dá)到了交際、娛樂、旅行和購物的目的。這種廟會(huì)通常都是一年一次，為期最多不到半個(gè)月，日期一過，馬上就冷落下來了。TempleFairTemplesaboundedacrossChina,bothinthecountrysideandinthecities.Everyyearonthefete-daysofBuddhaorothergods,stagesweresetupforperform

41、ancesonthesquarebeforethetemples.Manypeoplecamefortheplay,andthevendorsputupstallstodobusiness.ThosewhocameforthetemplefairofferedincensetoBuddha,watchedtheplayanddidsomeshoppingatthedidsomeshoppingatthesametime.Hencethetemplefairswerefullofhustleandbustleeveryday.Peopletookwagonsorwalkedformilestot

42、hetemplefair,fulfillingthepurposesofcommunication,entertainment,travelandshoppingapartfromofferingincense.Suchtemplefairswereoftenheldonceayearforatmosthalfamonth;afterwhichthetemplebecamedesolatewithfarfewervisitors.17 中藥眾所周知，在最近兩百年之前的大部分時(shí)間里，人類一直依賴傳統(tǒng)藥物與疾病斗爭。各大文明古國幾乎都有自己的民族醫(yī)藥體系，其中又以中國的中醫(yī)藥體系最為完備，成就最大

43、。可以說，中國的中醫(yī)藥體系是古代醫(yī)藥科學(xué)的最高表現(xiàn)。中藥絕大部分來源于天然的植物，其次是動(dòng)物、礦物等。中國各地使用的中藥已達(dá)5000種左右，用各種藥材配成的方劑，更是數(shù)不勝數(shù)。ChineseMedicineAsiscommonlyknown,untilthemostrecenttwocenturiespeoplefoughtagainstdiseasewittraditionaldrugs.Ancientcivilizationsallhadtheirownnationaldrugsystem,amongwhichtheChinesesystemwasthemostcomprehensivea

44、ndachievedthegreatestresults.WecouldsaythattheChinesetraditionaldrugsystemisthesupremerepresentationofthetype.TraditionalChinesedrugscomemostlyfromnaturalplants,withsomefromanimalsandminerals.Thereareabout5,000traditionaldrugsinseacrossChina,andcountlessprescriptionsmadewiththosedrugs.18 故宮故宮是北京現(xiàn)在最大

45、、保存最完好的宮殿，建于1406年，歷時(shí)14年建造完成。故宮的建筑分為“外朝”與“內(nèi)廷”兩大部分，外朝是皇帝舉行朝會(huì)和行使權(quán)力的地方，內(nèi)廷是帝王與后妃居住之所。紅色和黃色作為宮殿墻壁的主色調(diào)是一種象征。紅色代表快樂、好運(yùn)氣和財(cái)富。黃色是中國人的起源地黃土高原大地的顏色。在唐朝黃色成為了代表帝王的顏色，僅有少數(shù)皇室成員可以穿它，并且也將黃色用于建筑。TheImperialPalaceTheImperialPalaceisthelargestandbest-preservedpalaceinChina,theconstructionofwhichbeganin1406andtook14years.

46、TheImperialPalaceisdividedintothe“outercourt”andthe“innercourt”.Theformeriswheretheemperorheldmeetingsandexercisedpowerwhilethelatteriswheretheemperorandhisconcubineslived.Asthemaincoloronthepalacewalls,theredandyellowhavesymbolicmeanings.Redrepresentshappiness,goodfortuneandwealth.YellowisthecoloroftheearthontheLoessPlateau,theoriginalhomeoftheChinesepeople.YellowbecameanimperialcolorduringtheTangdynasty,whenonlyfewmembersoftheroyalfamilywereallowedtowearitanduseitintheirarchitecture.19和平崛起中華民族歷來珍惜和平。中國的崛起，是和平的崛起，是依靠自己的力量來發(fā)展自己。中外關(guān)系中，中國一貫主張以